When he expelled from Yale bacause of prank, he joined the navy as a midshipman. In 1810 he took a furlough and never returned to active duty. He married with Susan De Lancy and got 5 children. They lived Europe, but returned to America because he was unpopular in Europe. In 1920 je published his first fiction "Precaution", in 1821 the second one "The Spy". His third book "The Pioneers" was the first of five novels. He died at Cooperstown in 1851. He was immensely popular writer and he considered to be the first major American novelist. R.L.Stevenson(1850-1894): he was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1850. He was a sick little boy who spent much of his time in bed. He was very lonely only child. When he grew older and seemed stronger, his father took him on trips to he wildest coasts of Sotland. Stevenson was no student. He roamed about Edinburgh, learning to know people of all kinds. His stories were full of gaiety, sharm and mis-spelled words
British Literature Ilya Zaitsev 10 class John Tolkien Was born in 3 January 1892 Bloemfontein. English writer, philologist, and Oxford university professor, best known as the author of the classic high- fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972. His works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings form a connected body of tales, fictional histories, invented languages about a fantasy world called Arda, and Middle-earth. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien,[ the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.)
Which means "shit-head" and is used innumerously in all occasions. And there is also "ella!" which does not mean anything but you can make it mean everything. I've managed to pick up some bits and pieces of other languages as well – bit of Spanish, some words of Italian, a tiny bit of Finnish, some German (blaming Rammstein and my Neuss friends for that!) and even some made-up languages. Ten or eight years ago I spoke a quite fluent Quenya – that is high-elvish made up by Tolkien. I've created a few languages as well, for either writing or roleplay purposes. Lastly, I'd like to return to English. Like I said before, once I got into reading books in English, I never stopped. Unless it's Shakespeare or something I would not understand in Estonian, either, I can read everything. Unfamiliar words I either pick up from context or these days use my wonderful e-reader built-in English dictionary-thesaurus. (No Estonian words there, either.) As to written English
ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ... (step) out of his father's car when the bell rang. 7 Helen ..
the last three years. * I had seen (see) the view many times before but it had never impressed me this much. * Before now we had always agreed (always agree) where to go on holiday. * We looked (look) at the painting for about ten minutes before we realised who the artist was. * I had heard (hear) the symphony many times and it had sounded new each time. 6. Use an adjective based on the description to describe those persons. * Lucy is full of energy. energetic * Brenda and Sandra talk a lot. talkative * My elder brother works very hard. hard-working * You can always rely on my sister Kate. reliable * Alan is known for his politeness. polite * Emily´s actions are hard to predict. unpredictable * Sandra often acts on impulse. Hot-headed and impulsive * Ben boasts a lot. boastful * My mother is always ready to help other people. generous * Such vanity is characteristic to Sally. vane
People and Behaviour 1. Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) Please don't push. It's very bad-tempered/rude/unsympathetic. b) Jack hates spending money. He's rather frank/greedy/mean. c) Our teacher is very proud/strict/tolerant and won't let us talk in class. d) Helen never does her homework. She is rather gentle/lazy'/reliable. e) I didn't talk to anyone at the party because I felt ambitious/lonely/shy. f) When Harry saw his girlfriend dancing with Paul he felt jealous/selfish/sentimental. g) I don't like people who are noisy and aggressive/courageous/sociable. h) Thanks for bringing us a present. It was very adorable/grateful/thoughtful of you. i) Teresa never gets angry with the children. She is very brave/patient/pleasant. j) Tom always pays for everyone when we go out. He's so cheerful/generous/honest. 2
Unit 1 Test 1 Translate. 1 Mida on sul ja su sõbral ühist? What do you have in common with your friend? 2 Ma mõistan su vaatenurka. I understand your point of view. 3 Mida sa selle all mõtled? What do you mean by this? 4 Missugune vapustavalt ilus pruutkleit! What a gorgeous bridal dress! 5 Kas sa oled kunagi pulmas käinud? Have you ever attended a wedding? 6 Jane rebis kutse kostüümipeole tükkideks. Jane tore the invitation to the fashion show into pieces. 7 Pinge Alice´i ja tema armukadeda poiss-sõbra vahel kasvas. The tension was building up between Alice and her jealous boyfriend. 8 Mis lahti? Su silmad on pisaraid täis. What´s up? Your eyes are filled with tears. 2 Write the verbs in the suitable tense. 1 I booked the tickets and in two weeks I will be off to Mexico. (book;be) 2 Did your sister Victoria get engaged when she was eighteen? (get; be) 3 When Uncle George died, Aunt Mary wore black clothes for the rest of her li
working as a journalist and took Mark Twain as his pen name. 4 In 1870 he got married and went to live in Hartford, Connecticut / Amond these were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which describes the adventures of a boy and black slave, Jim. 5 In the 1880s Mark Twain opened his onw publishing house but it wasn´t a success. / However, his books were nos less humorous than his earlier works. He was also popular as a lecturer in different parts of the world and returned to the United States as a hero. 6 His oldest daugher died in 1896 and eigh years later he lost his wife / On 21 April 1910 Mark Twain died of heart disease.
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
Exercises 1. Use the Present Simple of the verb be or have. ( 10 points ) Mary........blue eyes and blond hair, but her brother ........dark hair. He ........in his late twenties. He........married and........two sons. I........short, but my sister........tall. We........a dog and a cat. Our uncle........two dogs. They........brown. 2. Choose the correct item. ( 5 points ) e.g. The residents were made...D....their homes by the authorities. A leave B leaving C left D to leave 1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a
he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear, know. I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine
to find sth. in the street midagi tänavalt leidma in the river jõest to look sth. up in a dictionary midagi sõnastikust järele vaatama to read sth. in a book midagi raamatust lugema in a paper ajalehest to rise in the east tõusma idast to hear sth. on the radio midagi raadiost kuulma to see sth. on (the) television midagi telerist nägema Prepositions of movement: 1)We use TO in order to express movement toward a place. They were driving to work together. She's going to the dentist's office this morning. 2)TOWARD and TOWARDS are also helpful prepositions to express movement. These are simply variant spellings of the same word; use whichever sounds better to you.
/ On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo B Bravo P Papa C Charlie Q Quebec D Delta R Romeo
Anglo Frisian » English 2. How to classify words into different word classes? (definition is that enough?, morphology, distribution and function tests); Grammatical categories for nominals, verbs, adjectives. "A set of words like dog, child, cat, man, bird where the individual words are mutually substitutable is known as a word class..." Definitions a) A noun is the name of a person, place or thing. b) A verb expresses an action, process or state. c) An adjective is a describing word which modifies a noun. "Although such definitions will identify many members of a word class, linguists generally agree that they need to be supplemented by formal tests. e.g. sincerity Sincerity can be frightening misery Lee is misery itself. Such miseries are uncommon Distribution: - a distribution test Kim is an engine driver
[was/were + present participle] Examples: · You were studying when she called. · Were you studying when she called? · You were not studying when she called. USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past Examples: · I was watching TV when she called. · When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. · While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. · What were you doing when the earthquake started? · I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm. · You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off. · While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. · Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. · While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off. · A: What were you doing when you broke your leg? B: I was snowboarding. USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption Examples: · Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.
met his old friend by accident. 6 He provided me with the information I needed. 7 Jim was staring at the garage door as if he had seen a ghost. 8 Alice understood she had been rude to her sister and went upstairs to apoligise to her. 3 Use the verbs in the past simple, the past continuous, or the past perfect. 1 While Jack was testing his new conker, it sank and he had to look for some new ones. (test; sink; have to) 2 After Mum had read the letter, she went upstairs to talk to Jane. (read; go) 3 Jim was riding a horse when some girls took a photo of him. (ride; take) 4 I was having breakfast when I heard the telephone ring. When I had finished eating, I called Jane back. (have; hear; finish; call) 5 The children were building sandcastles at the beach when the first raindrops started to fall. (build; start) 6 After everyone had sat down at the table, my mother started serving dinner. (sit; start)
'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I ?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These forms are used when you want to get someone's opinion, especially for offers and suggestions: •Shall I open the window? (=do you want me to open the window). •Where shall we go tonight? (=what's your opinion?). PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE AM/IS/ARE + ING (AM INFINITIVE (WORK;WORKS) WORKING) We talk about things that we have We talk about events in the future already arranged to do in the which are 'timetabled'. future. •My plane leaves at 6 in the •I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on morning. Thursday. •The shop opens at 9.30. •I'm seeing Julie at 5 and then I'm •The sun rises a minute earlier having dinner with Simon.
3 a 10 17 the Another important point is that ... 4 the 11 18 Challenge! 5 a 12 a 19 the Students' own answers Transcript 6 the 13 the 20 the S1 = student 1, S2 = student 2 7 the 14 2E Verb patterns page 16 S1Well, I suppose the most obvious 1 1 listening 6 to buy advantage of online shopping is 2 1 4 /any 7 Some 2 living 7 to have that goods are cheaper than in the
Two meals will be served during the flight. Make sure that you do not disturb other people during the film. I will give you a ring some time during the next week. 3 Prepositions of Time – during & while during while is a preposition and is followed by is a conjunction and is followed by a noun a noun + a verb • We met a lot of interesting people • We met a lot of interesting people while during our holiday. we were on holiday. • Robert suddenly began to feel ill • Robert suddenly began to feel ill while during the exam. he was doing the exam. Prepositions of Time – by & by the time by (+ a certain time) = not later than I have to be at home by 9 o’clock. The boss needs this report by Monday.
Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous
It was fairly basic: Bronte, Shakespeare, Chaucer, Faulkner. I'd already read everything. That was comforting... and boring. I wondered if my mom would send me my folder of old essays, or if she would think that was cheating. I went through different arguments with her in my head while the teacher droned on. When the bell rang, a nasal buzzing sound, a gangly boy with skin problems and hair black as an oil slick leaned across the aisle to talk to me. "You're Isabella Swan, aren't you?" He looked like the overly helpful, chess club type. "Bella," I corrected. Everyone within a three-seat radius turned to look at me. "Where's your next class?" he asked. I had to check in my bag. "Um, Government, with Jefferson, in building six." There was nowhere to look without meeting curious eyes. "I'm headed toward building four, I could show you the way..." Definitely over-helpful. "I'm Eric," he added. I smiled tentatively. "Thanks."
pressures that some people were experiencing. Unlike other such writings at the time, the novel is unusual in that it is not set in London. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas (commonly known as A Christmas Carol) is a novella by Charles Dickens first published on December 19, 1843 with illustrations by John Leech. The story was an instant success, selling over six thousand copies in one week, and the tale has become one of the most popular and enduring Christmas stories of all time. William Makepeace Thackeray William Makepeace Thackeray was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society. Thackeray, an only child, was born in Calcutta, India, where his father, Richmond Thackeray (1 September 1781 13 September 1815), held the high rank of secretary to the board of revenue in the British East India Company.
Characters may be imaginary beings. Setting may be in another time (future). It usually has a good vs. evil conflict. It may use scientific principles not yet available or discovered. II Classical literature 1. What is Beowulf? When and by whom was it written? Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem. 2. Who was King Arthur? In which century was he thought to have been acting? In which century did his legends become popular? King Arthur is a legendary Celtic Chief leader, fought against saxons in the early 6th century 3. What are the main symbols of King Arthur's legend? Round Table, Holy Grail, Excalibur, Code of chivalry 4. Which century do Robin Hood ballads stem from? 12th Century 5. What were the changes of the childhood concept in the 18th century? 6. What is a fairy tale? fictional story that may feature:
1 again. She then burst into tears because Oliver was talking back to her, and this forced Mr. Sowerberry to punish Oliver severely. They then sent him to bed, and early the next morning he rose and left the house. On his way towards London he stopped by the house of Mrs. Mann and saw his friend Dick, who appeared to be dying, out in the garden. The boys embrace, talk, and say their farewells to each other, and Oliver heads towards the city intent on running away from the Sowerberrys. Chapter 8: Òliver began his walk to London. He had very little food and had to beg for it on his way. He walked for seven days and had very little luck getting food or shelter from people in the towns he went through. He sat with bleeding feet on a doorstep one morning when a curious looking young gentleman around his age began talking to him
to be in the house by the end of next week." "What is his name?" "Bingley." "Is he married or single?" "Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!" "How so? How can it affect them?" "My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them." "Is that his design in settling here?" "Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes." "I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party." "My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now
Arthur Conan Doyle Life Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland, to an English father, Charles Altamont Doyle, and an Irish mother, Mary Foley, who had married in 1855.] Although he is now referred to as "Conan Doyle", the origin of this compound surname is uncertain. Conan Doyle's father was an artist, as were his paternal uncles (one of whom was Richard Doyle), and his paternal grandfather John Doyle. Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, at the age of eight. He then went on to Stonyhurst College, but by the time he left the school in 1875, he had rejected Christianity to become an agnostic. From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston (now a district of Birmingham). While studying, he also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal bef
Test 2 1 Translate. 1 Küll on kahju, et sa ei saanud tulla. What a pity that you couldn´t came. 2 Mitte keegi ei olnud närvis. Nobody was nervous. 3 Klass oli täis juttu ja naeru. The classroom was full of laughter and talk. 4 Õpilased tervitasid oma õpetajat rõõmsalt. The students greeted their teacher cheerfully. 5 Ma õppisin selle luuletuse pähe. I learned this poem by heart. 6 Lapsed olid enne pidu ootusärevil. The children were excited before the party. 7 osasid vahetama swap the role 8 kahe nädala pärast in two time a week 2 Complete the sentences with the correct verb form 1 Did you meet Ann at the party last night? (meet) 2 Do you think our team will win the football match tomorrow? (win)
low-fat bacon. 3 tolerate extreme Rosie Well, I won't be eating it. 4 disapprove of Leo Why not? What's the big fuss 5 long run about GM food? 6 to disagree Rosie It's unknown territory. We don't know enough about what effects it may have on the human body. You 4 know, they talk about how GM food 1 h 2 e 3 d 4 a could affect our digestion, cause 5 b 6 c 7 f 8 g allergies, that sort of thing. 5 1 unfriendly Leo There's a lot of controversy around it, but no actual evidence to 2 incorrect prove that GM food does us any harm. 3 completely Rosie I don't agree with that 4 totally argument, I'm afraid
Isaac newton lived during that time. It was also the beginning of the industrial revolution, which was precipitated by the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1775. Trading developed quickly, especially importing. The number of readers increased due to the spread of education the Enlightenment was led by the bourgeoisie who insisted on education for all children, spread of literacy and the publishing newspapers and magazines. The novel become the most popular genre and the Enlightenment era novel differed from the previous representations of the genre. Novels represented the outlook and values of the bourgeoisie, writers aimed at balance, coherence and clarity and most important of all the stories were not entirely invented, but were instead based on true events. To some extent, anyway, and not without exceptions. Usually the exact time and location are given in the book. The language became more descriptive. Essays also rose in importance
eyes stared into hers as he carried her somewhere... but where? "Where are we going?" "Home." His low voice was gentle as he spoke, yet lonely girl could understand that. Suddenly she felt a drop falling on her soft marzipan cheek. The man was crying. "Why? Why are you so sad?" "Because you are, aren't you?" What an unexpected behaviour towards a stranger whom had invaded his garden. "Who are you?" "Liam. Now sleep, we'll talk later." /.../ The questions: a) How did the girl meet Liam? ...................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................
We can report people's words by using direct speech or direct speech reported speech. speech `I'm tired!', Helen said. Helen said (that) she was tired. The main verb of the sentence is usually past ( Tom said that... / I told her that...) and the rest of the sentence is usually past too. Sequence of tenses if the verb in the main sentence is in the past tense the other verbs are usually in one of the past tense too. Present Simple Past Simple I'm a teacher. He said (that) he was a teacher Present Progressive Past Progressive I'm having lunch with my He said (that) he was having parents. lunch with his parents. Past Simple Past Perfect
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