Themes, Motifs, and Symbols Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work. The Grim Reality of War - As the title of the novel makes clear, A Farewell to Arms concerns itself primarily with war, namely the process by which Frederic Henry removes himself from it and leaves it behind. The few characters in the novel who actually support the effort--Ettore Moretti and Gino--come across as a dull braggart and a naïve youth, respectively. The majority of the characters remain ambivalent about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it causes, doubtful of the glory it supposedly brings. The novel offers masterful descriptions of the conflict's senseless brutality and violent chaos: the
Analysis of Major Characters Frederic Henry - In the sections of the novel in which he describes his experience in the war, Henry portrays himself as a man of duty. He attaches to this understanding of himself no sense of honor, nor does he expect any praise for his service. Even after he has been severely wounded, he discourages Rinaldi from pursuing medals of distinction for him. Time and again, through conversations with men like the priest, Ettore Moretti, and Gino, Henry distances himself from such abstract notions as faith, honor, and patriotism. Concepts such as these mean nothing to him beside such concrete facts of war as the names of the cities in which he has fought and the numbers of decimated streets. Against this bleak backdrop, Henry's reaction to Catherine Barkley is rather astonishing. The reader understands why Henry responds to the game that Catherine proposes--why he pledges his love to a woman he barely knows: like Rinaldi, he hopes
Leer serves with Paul in the Second Company. He was the first in Paul's class to lose his virginity. Haie Westhus - One of Paul's friends in the Second Company. A gigantic, burly man, Westhus was a peat-digger before the war. He plans to serve a full term in the army after the war ends, since he finds peat-digging so unpleasant. Kindervater - A soldier in a neighboring unit. Kindervater is a bed wetter like Tjaden. Lewandowski - A patient in the Catholic hospital where Paul and Kropp recuperate from their wounds. Lewandowski desperately wants to have sex with his visiting wife but is confined to bed because of a minor fever. Mittelstaedt - One of Paul's classmates. Mittelstaedt becomes a training officer and enjoys tormenting Kantorek when Kantorek is conscripted as a Paul Bäumer As the novel's narrator and protagonist, Paul is the central figure in All Quiet on the Western Front and serves as the mouthpiece for Remarque's meditations about war
It replaced the native ruling class with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy and clerical hierarchy. This in turn brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England. As the rulers were from France, England linked more closely with continental Europe. It also paved the way for further Norman invasions in Wales and Ireland. *The House of Normandy (kings, centuries) William I Conqueror (11th century), William II Rufus, Henry I (12th century). To claim the English crown, William I invaded England leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces at the Battle of Hastings. His reign brought Norman culture to England and had an enormous impact on the course of England in the Middle Ages. William II was an effective soldier, but a ruthless ruler. Henry I had scholarly interests. His reign is noted for its political opportunism.
Catherine Morland My name is Catherine Morland. I would like to tell you a bit about myself. To begin with, I am seventeen years old and grew up in a countryside in a small town named Fullerton with my parents and nine siblings. As a child I was interested in many things like drawing, sports and music. I was very lively and cheerful, enjoyed cricket, horse riding and just hated cleanliness and restriction. As I grew up, I chose reading over sports and all of the wild games I used to like. Undoubtedly, I would now describe myself with the word naivety. I am very naïve
Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts were doing agriculturally well,so romans wanted to get some food too In 54BC Caesar defeated Cassivelaunus Actual reasons why he made expeditions are unknown or wheteher he wanted to intend conquest The Roman Occupation 43-410 43 AD Emperor Claudius conquered Britain, it was easy, romans were more skilled and betetr equipped. Romans faced assaults of Picts, Scots, barbarians. 406-7 barbarians begin invasion Legacy- new types of animals, plants; miles, feet, inches-roman measurements;christianity; Roman basilica in curches; reading, writing; buildings, roads Christianity in Roman Britain Until 4th C christians were persecuted 313 AD Emperor Constantine legalised christianity 380 AD Emperor Theodosius I made it the official religion of the empire Paganism had been eclipsed but continued to pose a political, religious challenge
until the 14th century. The power of these Norman Barons gradually increased and during the reign of the Plantagenets began the challenge the King's absolute power, which resulted in King John being forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215. It consisted of long list of limitations to the King's power and it gave more power to the origins of Parliament. The origins of Parliament are to be found in the reign of John's successor, Henry III. It was a meeting of the King and his Barons and servants at which various administrative and financial problems were discussed. In order to make it easier to put the decisions taken into practice, each Shire had to elect a number of knights to attend at these meetings at report the decisions to their Shires. Edward I continued this experiment and in 1295 called a parliament that became known as the Model Parliament. The House of Commons as a separate Chamber
Old Mr. Dashwood is the owner of a large estate in Sussex called Norland Park. Following the death of his sister, Mr. Dashwood invites his nephew Mr. Henry Dashwood to come live with him at Norland. The younger Mr. Dashwood brings John Dashwood, his son from a previous marriage, as well as the three daughters born to his present wife. John Dashwood is grown and married, and has a four-year-old son, Harry. When Old Mr. Dashwood dies, he leaves his estate to John and little Harry, who had much endeared himself to the old man. But now John's father, Henry Dashwood, is left with no way of
Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he could save much money and thus laid a good economic basis for his state. Besides that he built a merchant fleet (kaubalaevastik) England begun to dominate in international trade. Unfortunately the king got old and died. Next king was Henry Vlll, second son of the family, wasn't prepared to become a king. Had to take the role as his elder brother died. Was prepared to come a clergyman got good education: languages, music, literature. Brother jumped off horse into a river, died in bed. Elder brother was already married. Henry Vlll married with his brothers widow.Catherine of Aragon, she came from Spain, she was arden(innukas) Catholic. At first they had good relations. Soon there were big problems. Had
Nelly remembers her childhood. As a young girl, she works as a servant at Wuthering Heights for the owner of the manor, Mr. Earnshaw, and his family. One day, Mr. Earnshaw goes to Liverpool and returns home with an orphan boy whom he will raise with his own children. At first, the Earnshaw children--a boy named Hindley and his younger sister Catherine--detest the dark- skinned Heathcliff. But Catherine quickly comes to love him, and the two soon grow inseparable, spending their days playing on the moors. After his wife's death, Mr. Earnshaw grows to prefer Heathcliff to his own son, and when Hindley continues his cruelty to Heathcliff, Mr. Earnshaw sends Hindley away to college, keeping Heathcliff nearby. Three years later, Mr. Earnshaw dies, and Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights. He returns with a wife, Frances, and immediately seeks revenge on Heathcliff
Queen Elizabeth I Elin Palumäe 10B Elizabeth I Reign - 17 Nov. 1558 24 March 1603 (44 years) Coronation - 15 January 1559(25 years) Predecessor - Mary I Successor - James I House - House of Tudor Father - Henry VIII Mother - Anne Boleyn Born - 7 September 1533 Greenwich, England Died - 24 March 1603 (aged 69) Burial - Westminster Abbey Anne Boleyn Queen consort of England Mother of Elizabeth I Tenure - 28 May 1533 17 May 1536 Coronation 1 June 1533 Anne Boleyn was Queen of England from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and the 1st Marquess of Pembroke in her own right for herself and her descendants. House - House of Tudor Father - Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
Died in 1087 while fighting in France, was succeeded by his third son, William II Rufus William II was very unpopular: - Problems with the church - Increased taxes and claimed the money of many positions of the church William the Conqueror began building the Tower of London one of the most notorious prisons in the world After William II died in 1100 due to an incident while hunting, the throne was claimed by his brother, Henry I - Fights over Normandy in the end, it's ruler, Henry's brother Robert Curthose was prisoned and Normandy was made a part of England in 1106 After his only male heir had died, Henry I recalled his only surviving legitimate daughter Matilda to England and married her to Geoffrey Plantagenet - Henry's relationship with his daughter and son-in- law was not good but he still wished for them to succeed him
· 1497 John Cabot went to Canada · 1579 San Fransisco/St. Fransis · 1607 Jamestown collony/John Smith · 1620 a boat called MayFlower · 1630 Boston was established · 1636 Harvard University · 1773 Boston Teaparty · 1775 War of Independence · 1776 4 July Declaration of Independence · First President George Washington Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) was an Italian explorer who sailed across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, hoping to find a route to India (in order to trade for spices). He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504. He discovered America in 1492. I Indian sun, they pray for fan. J we hate Jews, they are fools. K Bush is okey, because he is not gay. L Americans are large, they eat much. M Mc`Donalds is good, there is a lot of food. N is for Nigga who pulled the trigger.
When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. Chapter 2 Mr. Bennet was among the earliest of those who waited on Mr. Bingley. He had always intended to visit him, though to the last always assuring his wife that he should not go; and till the evening after the visit was paid she had no knowledge of it. It was then disclosed in the following manner. Observing his second daughter employed in trimming a hat, he suddenly addressed her with: "I hope Mr. Bingley will like it, Lizzy." "We are not in a way to know what Mr. Bingley likes," said her mother resentfully, "since we are not to visit." "But you forget, mamma," said Elizabeth, "that we shall meet him at the assemblies, and that Mrs. Long promised to introduce him." "I do not believe Mrs. Long will do any such thing. She has two nieces of her own. She is
Montoya sees bullfighting as something sacred, and he respects and admires Jake for his genuine enthusiasm about it. Montoya takes a paternal interest in the gifted young bullfighter Pedro Romero and seeks to protect him from the corrupting influences of tourists and fame. Frances Clyne - Cohn's girlfriend at the beginning of the novel. A manipulative status-seeker, Frances was highly domineering early in their relationship and persuaded Cohn to move to Paris. As her looks begin to fade, she becomes increasingly possessive and jealous. Count Mippipopolous - A wealthy Greek count and a veteran of seven wars and four revolutions. Count Mippipopolous becomes infatuated with Brett, but, unlike most of Brett's lovers, he does not subject her to jealous, controlling behavior. Amid the careless, amoral pleasure-seeking crowd that constitutes Jake's social circle, the count stands out as a stable, sane person. Like Pedro Romero, he serves as a foil for Jake and his friends.
born at the same place as her mother. She was married to Charles, Prince of Wales in 1981 and divorced in 1996. She died in car a accident on 31. August 1997 when she was only 36 years old. She is buried at Althorp, Northamptonshire. Family Her mother's full name is Frances Ruth Shand Kydd (1936 - 2004) and father's full name is Edward John Spencer (1924 1992). She has two sons with Prince Charles: Prince William, aged 27 and Prince Harry, aged 25. She gave birth to both sons in St Mary's Hospital, London. She has two older sisters Jane and Sarah and younger brother Charles. Hobbies Diana's hobbies were Shopping, health and beauty treatments. In sports, she liked skiing. Frances Ruth Shand Kydd Edward John Spencer Charity Starting in the mid - to late 1980s, the Princess of Wales became increasingly known for her support of numerous charities
Copyright © 1967, 1973 by David Kahn All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information address The Macmillan Company, 866 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-16109 Crown copyright is acknowledged for the following illustrations from Great Britain's Public Record Office: S.P. 53/18, no. 55, the Phelippes forgery, and P.R.O. 31/11/11, the Bergenroth reconstruction. Published by arrangement with The Macmillan Company FIRST PRINTING SECOND PRINTING THIRD PRINTING FOURTH PRINTING FIFTH PRINTING SIXTH PRINTING SEVENTH PRINTING EIGHTH PRINTING NINTH PRINTING TENTH PRINTING SIGNET TRADEMARK: REG. TJ.S. PAT. OFF. AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES REGISTERED TRADEMARK---MARCA REGISTBADA HECHO EN CHICAGO, U.S.A.
estate. He discovers that Kitty is also being pursued by Count Alexei Kirillovich Vronsky, an army officer. At the railway station to meet Anna, Stiva bumps into Vronsky. Vronsky is there to meet his mother. It surmises that Anna and the Countess Vronskaya have travelled together in the same carriage and talked together. As the family members are reunited, and Vronsky sees Anna for the first time, a railway worker accidentally falls in front of a train and is killed. Anna interprets this as an "evil omen." Vronsky is infatuated with Anna. Anna, who is uneasy about leaving her young son, Seryozha, alone for the first time, talks openly and emotionally to Dolly about Stiva's affair and convinces Dolly that her husband still loves her, despite his infidelity. Dolly is moved by Anna's speeches and decides to forgive Stiva. Dolly's youngest sister, Kitty, comes to visit her sister and Anna. Kitty, just 18, is in her first season
Now the king's laws were in force everywhere. In 1157 he forced Malcolm IV of Scotland to give up border regions to England. In 1171 he went to Ireland, took it under his rule & made his son John, Lord of Ireland. When he got the throne there had been a civil war between his mother Matilda & uncle Stephen. There was also Church who had become too powerful. The Church wanted the kings of Europe to accept its authority over both spiritual & earthy affairs. Conflict between Henry & Church. He chose his trusted adviser, Thomas Becket, to become archbishop in 1162, but he began to defend the Church. Henry saw him as a traitor, lost his temper. He is said to have exclaimed ,,Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?" 4 knights killed Becket on the altar steps. The murder shocked. The Pope made Becket a saint. Canterbury became a shrine. Henry himself made a pilgrimage to Canterbury, walked barefoot through the town and was flogged by bishops at his request.
There are picturesque "local color" elements in Washington Irving's essays and especially his travel books. Edgar Allan Poe's tales of the macabre and his balladic poetry were more influential in France than at home, but the romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and melodrama of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850). Later Transcendentalist writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson still show elements of its influence and imagination, as does the romantic realism of Walt Whitman. The poetry of Emily Dickinson--nearly unread in her own time--and Herman Melville's novel MobyDick can be taken as epitomes of American Romantic literature. By the 1880s, however, psychological and social realism was competing with romanticism in the novel.
adults takes place. After Battle School he returns to Earth before going to Command School. There in the wilderness is a large house, overlooking lakes on either side. Although there are wasps that Ender says will sting without provocation, the setting is peaceful, allowing Ender the mental recovery and relaxation he needs. Next comes the shuttle ride to Eros, where Command School is located, the trip is long and Ender and Graff begin to feel enclosed and tired of the space. Eros, built by the buggers, is not much better: the low ceilings, narrow passages, downward-sloping floor and lower gravity. The focus of activity here is in the simulation rooms, where, it turns out, Ender is actually commanding the real fleets. When he leaves Eros, it is not for Earth, but for the first human colony, on a former bugger world, which will become known as Ender's World. While looking for a location for another
He acquired control of Normandy from his older brother Robert, by lending him money to go on a crusade. To raise funds for the war, William taxed his English subjects. William died in 1100 while hunting in New Forest in southern England. He was killed by an arrow shot by one of his lords, Walter Tirel. Historians are not sure whether Tirel deliberately fired the arrow at William. But some people believe that William's younger brother, Henry, plotted his death. He had been with William at the time of the accident. He rode to Winchester and took charge of the king's treasury. He then rode to Westminster, where he was crowned king three days later. Henry I (1100 - 1135) Henry I was an ambitious and unscrupulous politician. Early in his reign, he set out to convince his subjects that he would not be as ruthless as his brother had been. He proved himself an effective king. He maintained good order and kept his barons in check.
hands will receive five pounds. Mr. Bumble asks if he knows of anyone who needs a boy, and Mr. Sowerberry offers to take him. The board agrees upon the plan, and Mr. Bumble takes Oliver, weeping from loneliness, to the Sowerberry house. He meets both Mr. and Mrs. Sowerberry, the serving girl Charlotte. Mr. Sowerberry gives him a little meat, which he devours and takes him to his bed that is located under the coffin counter. Chapter 5: A pounding on the door the following morning woke Oliver from his sleep in the coffin room. The person outside was yelling and kicking the door to be let in. Oliver opened the door and was introduced to Noah Claypole who also worked for Mr. Sowerberry and who was a higher rank than Oliver was. He pointed this out to Oliver very quickly and was very mean to him. Noah and Oliver went down to get breakfast with Charlotte. Mr. and Mrs. Sowerberry during their own breakfast decide
Alice Kipling Fleming - Sister of British author Rudyard Kipling who became a well-known psychic, producing automatic writing under the name "Mrs. Holland." Born June 11, 1868, Alice Kipling was privately educated. She went to India at age 16 and married British army officer John Fleming. While in India she wrote a number of poems, and in 1893 initially experimented with automatic writing. After a long illness she returned to England in 1902 and in the following year read the classic study Human Personality and Its Survival of Bodily Death, by F. W. H. Myers. As a result she contacted the secretary of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR), London, regarding her own automatic writing. She was one of the seven principal mediums involved in the famous cross-correspondences cases. Fleming continued to do automatic writing until 1910, when she suffered a nervous breakdown. Early Life
sent her to school in Paris. In 1834, Dickens became a political journalist, reporting on parliamentary debate and traveling across Britain by stagecoach to cover election campaigns for the Morning Chronice. His journalism, in the form of sketches which appeared in periodicals from 1833, formed his first collection of pieces Sketches by Boz which were published in 1836 and led to the serialization of his first novel, The Pickwick Papers, in March 1836. On 2 April 1836, he married Catherine Thompson Hogarth (1816 1879), the daughter of George Hogarth, editor of the Evening Chronice. After a brief honeymoon in Chalk, Kent, they set up home in Bloomsbury, where they had ten children. On 9 June 1865, while returning from France with Ternan, Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash in which the first seven carriages of the train plunged off a cast iron bridge that was being repaired.Because of that he died.( 9 June1870)
promoted above Iago, results in Cassio’s demotion. Taking advantage of his saddened state, Iago advises Cassio to seek out Desdemona’s favor to speak on his behalf. Iago carefully maneuvers Othello and himself to arrive as Cassio is leaving Desdemona’s audience. Iago points out how Cassio seems to be avoiding Othello. Desdemona for her part immediately begs for Cassio’s pardon, as she has promised him from their meeting. This is all Iago needs to immediately begin planting seeds of doubt in Othello’s mind as to his wife’s fidelity. The ensuing scenes are all a carefully staged dance by Iago in which he finds a dropped handkerchief of Desdemona’s and convinces Othello of her improper actions. He stages yet another carefully monitored conversation with Cassio and finishes the job of hardening Othello’s heart, leading to the climax, and tragedy of the play.
THE TUDOR DYNASTY THE TUDOR DYNASTY The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was a European royal house of Welsh origin that ruled the Kingdom of England and its realms, including the Lordship of Ireland, later the Kingdom of Ireland. Its first monarch was Henry VII. Henry VII THE TUDOR DYNASTY The Tudors extended their power beyond modern England, achieving the full union of England and the Principality of Wales in 1542 and successfully asserting English authority over the Kingdom of Ireland. They also maintained the traditional claims to the Kingdom of France, but none of them tried to make substance of it, though Henry VIII fought wars with France to try to reclaim that title
2.3 Later years 3 Marriages and relationships 3.1 James Dougherty 3.2 Joe DiMaggio 3.3 Arthur Miller 4 The Kennedys 5 Death and aftermath 5.1 Administration of estate 6 Trivia 6.1 Pornographic film claims 7 Quotes 7.1 Quotes about Monroe 8 Filmography 9 Awards and nominations 10 Art (selection) 11 See also 12 Notes 13 References 14 External links Childhood Family and early life Main article: Childhood of Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe was born in the charity ward of the Los Angeles County Hospital.[1][10] According to biographer Fred Lawrence Guiles, her grandmother, Della Monroe Grainger, had her baptized Norma Jeane Baker by Aimee Semple McPherson.[1] Although she took a stagename of Marilyn Monroe in 1946, she did not legally change her name until February 23, 1956.[11] Her mother was Gladys Pearl (Monroe) Baker.[12] Her family is believed to have been Anglo-Spanish originally; and possibly related to the Sepulvedas. [13] For many years it was believed Gladys' second husband Martin
,,Sanctuary". Faulkner's own favourite novel. It was a scandalous novel. One of the characters is young gentleman who likes to drink a lot. He gets acquainted with a young upperclass girl and because he is drunk he accidentally bootlegging gangsters. She is about to be raped with corn, plant. Another member of the gang Popeye shoots him infront of the girl and rapes her himself. Later popeye takes drake to whorehouse and arranges other man to have sex with the girl in front of him. Popeye enjoys this new kind of life. Camus and Sartres favourite book. The south for faulkner is a scene in which the humanity of the people is tested. Humans act out their lives under cestain conditions, to see if they can survive. Faulkner says that the one essential quality is humanity. If there is no humanity there is no hope for humanity. The problems in the south. All these problems are turned into test for the
could organise and plan economy and taxes. People called the book with all that information `the Domesday book'. And it still exists. Kingship: a family business After William's death in 1087, the land went to his elder son Robert who gave England to his son William II Rufus when he went to the holy land to fight the Muslims. When William Rufus died, he had no son to take the crown. At the time of William's death, his father was on his way back from the holy land. Their younger brother Henry acted quickly and took the crown for himself. That made Robert very angry and tried to invade England. In 1106 Henry invaded Normandy and captured Robert. The two countries were now reunited under one king. Henry hoped to give the throne to his son, who unfortunately drowned. He hoped for another son, but got a daughter Matilda instead. Matilda married to a great French noble to make the family stronger. When Henry died, there were to heirs. One was Henry's nephew
human body. His creation, which he has hoped would be beautiful, is instead hideous, with dull yellow eyes, and a withered, translucent, yellowish skin that barely conceals the muscular system and blood vessels. After bringing his creation to life, Victor is repulsed by his work: he flees the room, and the monster disappears. Victor becomes ill from the experience. He is nursed back to health by his childhood friend, Henry Clerval. After a four-month recovery, he determines that he should return home when his brother William is found murdered. Upon arriving in Geneva, he sees the monster near the site of the murder, and becomes certain it is the killer. William's nanny, Justine, is hanged for the murder based on the discovery of the locket in her pocket. Victor, though certain the monster is responsible, doubts anyone would believe him, and does not intervene.
It is a dream allegory. A young maiden named Youth, Greed is an old witch. The greatest writer of this period and the whole of medieval times Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400): · The father of English poetry · The creator of English versification · The first poet to use various metres · Laid the foundation of the new literary English language · Wrote in Middle English · An active man of affairs, who belonged to the middle class · Spoke Latin, French, Italian the important languages of the time · Worked as a diplomat for a time · Translated works into English (from Latin, French, Italian) · Favourite of the royal court · At the time of his death was regarded as a great poet and was buried in Westminster · As a writer he was very prolific · His early works show a strong influence of French and Italian poets, especially the great Italian Renaissance geniuses Boccaccio, Dante, Petrarch
Henry VIII of England Henry VII Born on 21 June 1491. Died in January 28 1547. Is the 2nd son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. Was crowned King at Westminster Abbey, London, on the 23 June 1509 at the age of 17. Elizabeth of York | King Henry VII Henry VIII is known for... Establishing the Church of England. Having six wives. Beind a big, fierce-looking man. Early life Not much is known about his early life, because he was not expected to become king. Around the age of ten his brother Arthur died, thus leaving the crown to him. He also married his brother`s widow, Catherine of Aragon. Little Henry VIII Young King Henry
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