Tallinna Pedagoogiline Seminar Noorsootöö osakond Intercultural communication: Customs and behaviour patterns in Finland Andra Pant, NT 12 Tallinn 2011 Punctuality is very important to the Finns. Never be late for meetings, as this is considered very impolite in Finland. Be on time! Do not raise your voice when you talk to Finns, especially not in public! Speaking in a loud voice is considered rude, as Finns themselves are quiet. Remember to look Finns in the eye
Mellan kommer bisats stå själv och detta är ett nytt fel. Samtidigt uppstår felet konjunkturen där närliggande ord står i olika form- ändra hittade till hittar! Gör meningen om till Romanen slutar lyckligt när Candide tillslut hittar sin kärlek. Mening" Candide på franska betyder typ trosskyldig och oskyldig. " 2. Första felet som uppstår är tydligt användning av ordet typ. Detta är användning av slang. Ta bort. För det andra så finns det en felaktig sammansättning- Trosskyldig. Gör den om till troskyldig, alltså ta bort en s så ordet blir rätt igen. Gör om meningen till Candide betyder troskyldig och oskyldig på franska. Eller Candide på franska betyder troskyldig och oskyldig. Mening "Mot slutet börjar Candide tveka på alla dem hemska moments han bevittnar runt om i världen och får senare en annan syn på det hela. 3
Selma Lagerlöf ,,En herrgårdssägen" (1899). Boken är en historia om den unge studenten Gunnar Hede. Hans passion i livet är att spela fiol. Han drömmer om att bli en känd musiker, men det blir han inte. Det finns en ekonomisk verklighet i familjegården(Munkhyttan). Han bestämmer att han ska göra allt som möjligt at rädda hemgården. Han går ut vandrar och handlar för att få pengar, men efter svåra händelser gör det honom sinnessjuk. Visserligen fortsätter han sin verksamhet och får snart in så mycket pengar att Munkhyttan kan räddas, men även efter det driver han runt i byarna med sin kappsäck och fiol.
Är denna punkt nära svalget, det vill säga långt bak i munhålan, bildas en bakre vokal. Bakre vokaler i svenska är till exempel /å/ i "skål" [sko:l] eller i /o/ i "sol" [su:l]. Främre vokaler bildas med tungryggens högsta punkt långt bort från svalget, alltså i munhålans främre del. Exempel på sådana vokaler är [e:] och [ɪ:] som i svenskans "se" [se:] respektive "bil" [bɪ:l]. Mellan tungans främre och bakre läge finns naturligtvis mellanlägen, så kallade centralvokaler[6], exempelvis [ɘ], som i ordet i svenska ordet "beslag" [bɘslɑ:ɡ]. 7. Identifierade understrukna konsonanterna och placera dem i schemat: 8. Vilka är (de sex vanligaste) artikulationsställena för konsonanter? Artikulationsställe- pltsen för förtränging, ställen, som inte är rörliga läpparna (labial) p, b, m tänderna och underläpp (labiodental) v, f tänder (dental) t, s, d, n, s tandvallen (alveolar)
The name `Finland` dates back to Roman historian Tacitus (AD55-120). In his work Germania he mentioned a primitive people from the north called the Fenni; which was probably a reference to the Same (see below), who at that time were living on and around the 60th parallel. Over the centuries the Same were gradually pushed further north, and today they live in Finnish Lapland. Whichever part of the country they happen to come from, Finns have a lot in common: they all share deeply ingrained down-to-earth rural values combined with the spiritual qualities relating to the sauna. Many of them come from the land of Karelia which was split right down the middle by the Finno-Russian frontier after World War II; hardly anyone lives there now, but the Karelians` pride at being something quite separate from either Finns or Russians still remains. (Finland: Insight compact guides) Population
Tourists in Estonia Everyday a we can see a ship-load of Finland tourists. And they are here for only one thing. Finns are not anyone who would like to see Estonian sight-seeings or old-town, they are here for cheap alcohol. Regular Finn are an over-weight and very loud, usually because they are drunk. And our hotels are full of Finns. If you ever visit a passenger-port and see a person who have one or more luggage carriers full of export beer boxes then you have seen our north-neighbour. The Brits Usually here are only British bachelors who want to have a stag party in our pubs. These kind of Brits are very annoying. But here are also nice old Brits, much less than bachelors but still some. Older Brits usually are with cameras and visit all the sightseeing in Tallinn. They look
Tallinn Jane Jaakson, Kärt Aulik Leisi Secondary School Form 9 2015 Tallinn Location: Estonia ● Harju County ● ● near The Gulf of Finland South of Helsinki ● East of Stocholm ● West of St. Petersburg ● Tallinn Population: ● about 440,000 (1January 2014) ● 53,2% Estonians ● 38,1% Russians ● 0,6% Finns ● 6,3% others Tallinn Tourism: 58 museums ● 10 cinemas ● 247 hobby schools ● 40 art galleries ● Tallinn Symbols: Flag ● Coat of arms ● Old Toomas ● ● Toompea tower Tallinn References: www.Google.com ● Www.Tallinn.ee ● Www.Wikipeedia.ee ●
KURESSAARE C.K 2017 Kuressaare ◦ First appeared on map - 1154 ◦ Mayor - Madis Kallas ◦ Area - 14.95 km2 ◦ Population - 13,166 Ethnicity: • Estonians 97.6% • Russians 1.2% • Finns 0.3% • other 2,4% Sights ◦Kuressaare Castle (Saaremaa Regional Museum) ◦Kuressaare St. Lawrence Church ◦Statue of mythological hero Suur Tõll and his wife Piret ◦Town theater ◦Famous for annual Saaremaa Opera Days, which are held every summer TOKYO Tokyo ◦Country - Japan ◦Governor - Yuriko Koike ◦Metropolis - 2,187.66 km2 ◦Population - 13,617,445 ◦Flower - Somei-Yoshino cherry blossom ◦Tree -Ginkgo tree ◦Bird - Black-headed gull Sights
...Annika, det är telefon till dig. -Hej. Mitt namn är Kurt Olsson. Jag skulle vilja tala med Axel. -Ett ögonblick......Axel, Kurt Olsson är i telefon. -Jönssons möbler, god middag. -Jag söker Jan Persson. -Han är tyvärr inte inne just nu. Försök igen efter klockan fyra. -Svensson. -Var kan man köpa telefonkort? -Kan jag få tala med Olle? -I pressbyrån. -Det finns ingen Olle här. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -h, ursäkta, då har jag kommit fel. -Ah! Det är upptaget. Telefonfraser -Eva Olsson. -Det är Inger. -Hej Eva, det är Sven. Har du Per hemma? - Hej, Inger. Det är Karin. - Nej, men hej Karin! Det var länge sedan. -12 13 14
• Forest cover over one half of Estonia. • Has more than 1 500 islands. National symbols of Estonia • Flag. • Coat of arms. • Toompea Castle and Tall Herman. • The Cornflower. • The Barnswallow. Culture • Music. • Visual arts. • Literature. • Theatre. • Film. • Sport. Ethnic groups • 68.7% Estonians. • 24.8% Russians. • 1.7% Ukrainians. • 1.0% Belarusians. • 0.6% Finns. • 3.2% others. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia • http://www.google.ee/search? hl=et&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1024&bih=64 9&q=estonia&oq=estonia&gs_l=img.3..0l10.446.2227.0.2352. 7.4.0.3.3.0.104.328.3j1.4.0...0.0...1ac.1.8.img.1k3PuM463u4 • http://estonia.eu/
Estonian people Rait Rehemets Kenor Pille Population of Estonia · The population of Estonia is 1 340 194 (1.01.2011) . Estonian people · Estonians are a Finnic peoples, closely related to the Finns. Estonian faith · Estonians is the Christian faith. This is one of the Estonian people(male). This is one of the Estonian people (female). Estonians description · The Estonians are a sort of people.Some of them are hardworking and others, again, lazy . Estonia's most famous athlethe · Name:Erki Nool · Erki Nool was born on 25th June 1970,in Võru. · Age:40 years · Erki Nool won many gold medals. The picture of Erki Nool Sources used: · Google pictures
It's also situated between the sea and the Pärnu river. Pärnu was first mentioned in the 12th century, so it is older 700 years old. In the middle ages Pärnu was a very important trading centre. It was a member of the Hanseatic League. Pärnu became a resort town in the 1830s when a group of businessmen founded the first bathing establishment. Before that today's Beach Park's area was just wet pasture. In the 1930s Pärnu cecame especially popular with Finns, Swedes, Latvians and Lithuanians. In Soviet times, however, people from the west were not allowed to stay in Pärnu for the night. Pärnu's sanatoria were full of holiday-makers from the s.u.
Var utan fördomar! I vårt samhälle det är vanligt att medmänniskors åsikter, som är ledare i gruppen, är accepterade och respekterade. Och därför det det finns så många fördomsfull människor, som låter någon annan kommer att påverka deras tankar. Exempelvis om ledaren i gruppen inte hade tyckt om en person, skulle de andra också bli intoleranta mot den personen. Den sortens beteende kan orsaka mycket misförstånd, det är också mycket hänsynslös och det är tyvärr mycket vanligt idag. Är det verkligen sant att tolerant attityd till andra människor är glömt? Om människor hade förstått tidigare att detta beteende är
to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university.Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the city is the centre of southern Estonia. The Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport. Tartu was the place where the northsouth road going above the major waterwaysriver.Thought to be the sixth8.Here is the hill fortress built centuries. In Tartu live 82268 Estonians, 15998 Russians, 1214 Finns, 491 Belorussians, 141 Jews, 140 Poles, 124 Germans, 109 Latvians, 91 Lithuanians, 81 Tatars and 673 other nationality people. Mostly known as a university town, Tartu is also a site of heavy industry. In the beginning of the 21st century, many IT enterprises and other hightech companies have taken a foothold in Tartu. Notable examples include Playtech Estonia, Webmedia, Tarkon, Regio and Raintree Estonia. Skype has an office in Tartu
Vetenskapmän- Uppfinningar- Litteratur- Nólsoyar Páll, Hans Andrias Djurhuus, Jørgen-Frantz Jacobsen WILLIAM HEINESEN Konst- William Heinesen, Hans Pauli Olsen, Trondur Patursson, Samal Joensen-Mikines, Janus Kamban Film- Karin Otasdottir (känst regissör) Atlandic Rhapsody (Känst film) Musik-Tyr, Yggdrasil Idrott- Mat- Traditioner - Spetssticking (tikkimine?), valfångst (vaalapüük) Grönland Flagga- halv av flaggen är vit, andra halven är röd. Det finns en ring(cirkeln?) (??) i mitten vänster som är också röd och vit. -w Huvudstad- Nuuk Statsskick- monarki (Danmark) Invånare - 56K Officiella språk - Grönlandska Andra språk- danska Storlek- 2 166 086 km2 Natur: arktiskt klimat, 80 % under is, glacier och berg, isen är 2 kilometer tjock Landskapet, Högsta punkt, Största sjö, Längstaflod- landskapet: berg, isberg, varmkällor, glaciärer, fjordar Högsta punkt - Gunnbjørn (3700m)
Official name: Republic of Estonia Territory: 45 227 km Population: 1 342 000 Official languafe: Estonian Largest ethnic groups: Estonians 68%, Russians 26%, Ukrainians 25, Belarussians 1%, Finns 1% Capital of Estonia: Tallinn Number of islands: 1 521 Highest point: Suur-Munamagi (Great Egg Hill) 318 m Religion: Lutheran Currency: Estonian Kroon (EEK),1 EUR = 15,65 EEK Estonia has two Independence Days - Estonia first achieved independence from the Soviet Union on the 24th February 1918 and again on the 20th August 1991 after 51 years of occupation. The second date is known as the Restoration of Independence Day
restaurants, and large beaches. The Pärnu River flows through the city and drains into the Gulf of Riga. The city is served by Pärnu Airport. Pärnu is a health resort of international stature. In addition to guests arriving from around fifty countries, it is also proved by its membership in the European Spas Association (since 2000) and the European Flag that has been flying at the beach of Pärnu since 2000. Many tourists in Pärnu are Finns and Estonians. Since 1996 Pärnu has been known as Estonia's Summer Capital. Viljandi Viljandi is a town and municipality in southern Estonia with a population of 19,870 (2007). It is the capital of Viljandi County. The town was first mentioned in 1283, upon being granted its town charter by Wilhelm von Endorpe.The city is situated on the north-western shore of Lake Viljandi, which lies in the primeval valley. Green zones cover 27% of the city area.
Tallinn, general overview Prepared: Hanna Bergmann 16.04.2011 Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tallinn is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world. Tallinn is a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with Turku, Finland. Location Tallinn is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the banks of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in north-western Estonia. Tallinn Population The registered population of Tallinn is 412,341 (as of 1 Dec 2010). According to Eurostat, in 2004 Tallinn had the largest number of non-EU nationals of all EU member states' capital cities.As of 2009 around 22% of its population are not EU citizens. In addit...
• According to comparative grammar studies, Estonian is one of the most sophisticated languages among the world languages. Holidays and Celebrations • Jaanipäev(Jaans day) • Mardi ja kadripäev(Kadri and Mardi’s day) • Laulupidu ja tantsupidu(Song and dance festival) Music • The history of music in Estonia dates back as far as the 12th century. The older folksongs, referred runic songs, are in the poetic metre regivärss the tradition shared by all Baltic Finns. These were gradually replaced by rhythmic folksongs in the 18th century. • Music as a whole is important for the Estonian people because it’s been a way for us to express our need for freedom and eventually getting this freedom this way. • The Estonian Hymn was written by Finnish Composer Fredrik Pacius who used the same notes for both writing the Finnish and Estonian Hymns. Other stuff/additional facts • Postimees, Eesti ekspress and Õhtuleht are among the most
ett flertal olika områden. De fyra största områdena som de har hand om är utförsåkning och liftverksamhet, logiförmedling, skiduthyrning och skidskola. Sedan har de också några sportbutiker och fastighetsservice på deras olika destinationer. Deras största intäkter får de från deras försäljning av SkiPass, vilket är något man måste ha om man vill utnyttja SkiStars alpina anläggningar. I Åre äger SKISTAR hela liftsystemet och förvaltar och preparerar de skidbackar som finns. Destinationen Åre har 5 820 bäddar varav SKISTAR själva äger 900. Destinationen är indelad i tre resmål: Åre Björnen, Åre by och Duved/Tegefjäll. Åre Björnen, som ligger längst österut, har i huvudsak barnfamiljer som målgrupp. Inne i Åre by är utbudet av restauranger, aktiviteter och butiker större än i Åre Björnen och Duved/Tegefjäll. Duved/Tegefjäll, som ligger längst i väster på fjället, är det resmålet som längst har haft ett väl utvecklat liftsystem
returning home in the evening. The large herdsman's trumpet karjapasun (up to 2 metres in length) was his tool and boys were not allowed to touch it. Herding boys had smaller trumpets and horns. They signalled information to each other and warded off wild beasts=animals STRINGED INSTRUMENTS Kannel Kannel is the oldest known instrument in Estonia. It is believed to have been around for about two thousand years. Such an instrument is common to cultures of the Baltic Finns, the Balts and the northwestern Russians. Fiddle(viiul) Violin reached Estonian towns in the 17th century. In the 18th century fiddle music spread also among peasants. (talupoegade keskel) Psalmodikon(moldpill) This is a relatively new instrument, dating from 1829 in Sweden. The instrument spread widely in Lutheran regions to accompany spiritual music, including also Estonian peasants Bumbass(põispill)
Estonia Where it is? Republic of Estonia is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe .It is bordered to the north by the Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. Towns Tallinn is the capital and the largest city of Estonia. It lies on the northern coast of Estonia, along the Gulf of Finland. There are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. In total, there are 47 linna, with "linn" in English meaning both "cities" and "towns". More than 70% of the population lives in towns. History • Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of n...
Ethnic groups (2011 ) 24.8% Russians 1.7% Ukrainians 1.0% Belarusians 0.6% Finns 3.2% others Demonym Estonian Government Parliamentary republic - President Toomas Hendrik Ilvesc
figure changed as a result of wars, epidemics, migration and famine during the centuries followed; in the mid-1800s many estonians emigrated to Russia, North-America etc. to find a farmland better living conditions, estonians made 88.2% of the total population of their native land; WW II caused war casualties, deportations and mass emigration of refugees, in 1945 there were 854000 people in Estonia; Estonians, Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Finns and others were the communities; citizenship was given to the poplke who had held it before 16 June 1940 and tgeir descendants Public holidays: Some national holidays: 23 June: Victory Day the Battle of Võnnu in the Estonian War of independence; 24 June St. John's Day; 2 February anniversary of the Tartu Peace Treaty; 14 March Mother Tongue Day; May second Sunday Mothers' Day; 2 November All Souls' Day; 14 February Valentine's Day. Some annual events: The Tartu Ski
stroferna kallas Frihetsvisan. Engelbrektsvisan hyllar Engelbrekt som Guds redskap och behandlar dennes frihetskamp mot Erik av Pommerns fogdar. Mordet på Engelbrekt skildras åskådligt. Hyllar de som kämpade mot danskar. Frihet= ära, frihet är viktigare än materiell välfärd. Jöns Budde- Han översatte till svenska och återberättade helgonlegender såsom Viridarium celeste sancte Birgitte och Själens kloster. Efter Jöns Budde finns hans egenhändigt skrivna volym, Jöns Buddes bok, innehållande översättningar av Lucidarius, Sankt Bernhards betraktelser... Budde översatte några av Gamla testamentets böcker till svenska: Ruts, Judits och Esters bok, samt Mackabéerböckerna. De svenskspråkiga ”medeltida balladerna” nedtecknades från 1500-talet och framåt. De hade dessförinnan traderats i muntlig form, oklart under hur lång tid. Det äldsta belägget för
Purpose The purpose of this report is to give an overview of Estonian population, political factors, technological factors, economic factors and the trends in Estonian economy compared to Germany and to briefly discuss Estonian business environment. Estonian population The total population of Estonia is 1 313 271 according to Statistics Estonia, of which 69.1% are Estonians, 25.1% Russians, 4.9% of which are of different nationalities for example Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian. Estonia has only one official language which is Estonian. According to information by the Institute of the Estonian Language there are about 75% of Estonian people who speak Estonian. The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German and French. Other popular languages include
där han bland annat kom att sammanställa sin tredje diktsamling Stänk och flikar som publicerades 1896.Fröding har kallats en "tillvarons utlänning". Hur det kan kännas att stå utanför, att vara en utomstående vid sidan av livet, kan man läsa i dikten En ghasel som han skrev under sin vistelse i Suttestad. I den skrev han bland annat: Många känner till att Fröding skrev en del dikter på en blandning av olika värmländska dialekter, men faktum är att denna poesi nästan bara finns i två tunna diktsamlingar, som författaren inte ens räknade med i sin utgivning. De dikter som är mest kända och lästa är alla skrivna på rikssvenska, om än med ett och annat värmländskt uttryck. Fröding beskriver ofta den vackra värmländska naturen i sina dikter, en miljö han kände väl från sin uppväxt. Ett genomgående drag i Frödings diktning är sympatin för de svaga och utstötta, dikter som "Si drömmaren kommer där" och "Världens gång" är exempel på denna tendens
In 2003 Tallinn was the third- largest cruise destination at the Baltic Sea (after Copenhagen and St Petersburg), welcoming more than 200 thousand travellers from different parts of the world (USA, Great Britain, etc). Joining the European Union considerably increased the number of foreign visits in summer 2004, reputedly by 20-25% or even more. The share of diminishing shopping tourists started growing once again as the abolishment of restrictions enabled the Finns to take home more alcohol and tobacco. The number of tourists from more distant countries of the European Union, however, has increased most because of the much easier border crossing and an interest in the new member states. Weekend travellers arrive mostly from Finland but also from Sweden, Russia and Latvia. Visitors arriving by sea usually limit their visit to Tallinn and the areas nearby. People who have come for a longer period travel
they are in different time. 2 years are between the different Olympics. The next Winter Olympics are held in Torino in 2006. The most important event in these Olympics for Estonians is cross-country skiing. It is the art of gliding over snow. There are three types of it alpine skiing, freestyle skiing and cross-country skiing. Alpine skiing is downhill skiing. Skiing has been popular in Nordic countries for a long time. Finns used ski patrols in World War II. Skiing is also popular in Estonia. Especially cross-country skiing. We have some very good skiers. There are three good men who are Jaak Mae, Andrus Veerpalu and Raul Olle who skis longer distances. We also have a world-class female skier Kristina Smigun. They have won many medals. Football and basketball are also popular sports among Estonians. Many children go to football trainings but there are no world-famous footballers in Estonia.
Samamoodi nagu ainsuses, kasutatakse ka mitmuses määramata vormi siis, kui tegemist on varem mainimata isikute või asjadega. Võrdle: Määramata: Det hänger flera lampor (Selle) laua kohal ripub mitu ovanför bordet. lampi. Määratud: Lamporna ger bra ljus. (Need) lambid annavad head valgust. Määramata: Det finns många äpplen på bordet. (Selle) laua peal on palju õunu. Määratud: Äpplena är mogna. (Need) õunad on küpsed. u Määratud (lõpp)artikkel Rootsi keele suureks eripäraks on see, et määratud (lõpp)artikkel liidetakse nimisõna määramata vormi ehk nimisõna nimetava vormi lõppu. Määratud (lõpp)artikliks on ainsuses en, -n või -et, -t ning mitmuses na, -a ja en.
Introduction Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland, close to the German term Estland for the country. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late 1930s, the name was often written as
The earliest traces of human habitation date from prehistoric times. In th the 13 century the population numbered between 100 000 and 200 000, but this figure changed as a result of wars, epidemics and migrations. In the mid 1800s many Estonians emigrated in the hope of finding good farmland and better living conditions. The census of 2000 showed that 47 different nationalities live in Estonia: 67,9% Estonians, 25,6% are Russian and also Ukrainians, Belarussians, Finns and Tatars. Estonian citizenship does not depend on ethnicity. It was automatically given to the people who had held it before 1940. at the beginning of 2003, the estimated population was 1 356 045, of which 54% were women.
national movement, demanding equal political rights for Germans and Estonians. He regarded the Russian central government as the main anti-German ally. The prevailing national-romantic tendency in Estonian art and literature was based on the ideas of the Enlightenment and idealised `ancient non-stratified' society. Patriotic poems and songs extolled the beauty of Estonian nature and expressed ardent love for the native soil. Inspired by the folklore of the neighbouring Finns, a `picture of the ancient Estonian world' was constructed. Historical fiction sang high praises of the times of past freedom, and an image of 700 hundred years of slavery was implanted in the nation's memory. Estonian societies, choirs and orchestras were established in parishes. The money-raising operation which began in Viljandimaa turned into an all-Estonian mass organisation with its own chief committee which arranged various cultural events and agitation activities. This
will be compared to draw a conclusion. 2 Country Specs 2.1 Finland 2.1.1 Background Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system
multilingualim. In J.D. ten Thije & L. Zeevaert (eds.), Receptive multilingualism. Linguistic analyses, lan- guage policies and dialectic concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 307321. Härmävaara, Hanna-Ilona 2013 (in press) Kielten samankaltaisuus monikielisen suomalais-virolaisen vuorovaikutuksen resurssina. In Lähivõrdlusi. Lähivertailuja 23, 60-88. Härmävaara, H.-I. (forthcoming): Facilitating mutual understanding in everyday interaction between Finns and Estonians. In Applied Linguistics Review. International Journal of Multilingualism 2013, Vol. 10/2. Special issue on Receptive multilingualism. Jarvis, S. 2000. Methodological Rigor in the Study of Transfer: Identifying L1 Influence in the Interlanguage Lexicon. In Language Learning 50 (2), 245-309. Kaivapalu, A. 2004. Kui sarnane on sarnane? Eesti ja soome mitmusevormide psühholingvistilisest reaalsus- est. In H. Sulkala & H. Laanekask (eds.), VIRSU II. Suomi ja viro kohdekielinä
8. Vàrtagen (Gripenberg) OP.72 Kuus laulu klaveri saatel 1. Vi ses igen (Rydberg), Kk., kadunud, 1914 2. Orions bälte (Topelius), Kk., kadunud , 1914 3. Kyssens (Rydberg), 1915 4. Kaja (Larin-Kyösti), 1915 5. Der Wanderer und der Bach (Greif), 1915 6. Hundra vägar (Runeberg), 1907 OP.86 Kuus laulu klaveri saatel, 1916 1. Vàrförnimmelser (Tavaststjerna) 2. Längtan heter min arvedel (Karfeldt) 3. Doldförening (Snoilsky) 44 4. Och finns det en danke (Tavaststjerna) 5. Sängarlön (Snoilsky) 6. I systrar , I bröder (Lybeck) OP. 88 Kuus laulu klaveri saatel, 1917 1. Blàsippan (Franzèn) 2. De bägge rosorna (Franzèn) 3. Vitsippan (Franzèn) 4. Sippan (Runeberg) 5. Törnet (Runeberg) 6. Blommans öde (Runeberg) OP.90 Kuus laulu klaveri saatel (Runeberg), 1917 1. Norden 2. Hennes budskap 3. Morgonen 4. Fàgelfängaren 5. Sommarbatten 6.Vem styrde hit din väg? ILMA OOPUSTETA Erloschen, (Busse-Palmo), 1906
Result, 37-41, 11 million people were repressed, killed. - Crime against humanity - a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack: Murder; Extermination Hitler annexed Austria, occupied tshehhoslovakkia. MRP - stalin initiated it, devided europe Soviet union and hitler against Poland - Crime of aggression by two sides. Russia attacked finland, called them fascist, but finns fought back. The league labelled Russia as an aggressor - Crimes of aggression, invading foreign territories, attacking them, bombardment of Helsinki. League of Nations recognized the Soviet Union as an aggressor after them attacking Finland (before that there was only 3 agressors Italy, Japan and Germany) - Crimes of aggression invading the Baltic States, the agreement principle - Crimes of aggression occupying Austria, Czechoslovakia
wounded who were frozen to death." Temperatures during the battle dropped to 56 degrees below zero, and it was under such conditions that the Swedes solved some pitiful messages from isolated Russian units. One encircled group radioed that they were burning their papers and were going to shoot their last horse for food, and that this was their final message. Silence followed, and soon thereafter the Swedish cryptanalysts learned that the Finns had crushed them. Another Russian battalion sent a coded message that they were desperately short of supplies and would build three fires in a triangle to show the Red Air Force where to parachute desperately needed food and ammunition. The Swedes solved it and gave it to the Finns, who built a triangle of fires and watched with bitter satisfaction as the packages floated down into it. Swarms of Russian Air Force cryptograms were downed by the Swedish codebreakers
In music you have combined the dramatic form of Rudolf Tobias, noble and tragic air, philosophising and striving towards light, the keen taste and colourful orchestration of Heino Eller, the interest of Mart Saar and Cyrillus Kreek in ancient folk tune with their aspiration to nationality, and the massive expression of Artur Kapp with its straightforwardness. Thanks to all that you have become, in my opinion, for Estonians the same as Jean Sibelius for the Finns and Béla Bartók for the Hungarians.2 Eduard Tubin and his work form a fundamental part of Estonian culture. His art is inseparable from the life and history, the emotions and endeavours of the Estonians. At the beginning of the Seventies, the output of Arvo Pärt went through a cardinal change predicted by Credo (1968). The firm transition to a new artistic and aesthetic platform was reached in the Third Symphony, completed in 1971.
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