EHITUSTEADUSKOND Ehitustootluse instituut KUIDAS MUUDAB MUDELPROJEKTEERIMINE TERASKONSTRUKTSIOONIDE PROJEKTEERIMIST, VALMISTAMIST JA EHITAMIST? HOW ARE 3D AND BIM CHANGING THE DESIGN, FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPLEX STEEL STRUCTURES? EPJ 60 LT Üliõpilane: Tanel Friedenthal Juhendaja: Prof. Roode Liias Kaasjuhendaja: Prof. Carrie S. Dossick Tallinn, 2010.a. Olen koostanud lõputöö iseseisvalt. Kõik töö koostamisel kasutatud teiste autorite tööd, olulised seisukohad, kirjandusallikatest ja mujalt pärinevad andmed on viidatud.
Comparison with Expansion/Contraction GRP Cold Cut & Pull Codes & Standards Unsustained Loads Hydraulic Analysis Wind Selection of Pipe Earthquake Class Ship Pitch & Roll Fittings Class Vibration Piping Layout Buried Pipeline Design Thermoplastic Piping Design Comparison with Steel Steel Piping International and national standards define the design, fabrication, installation and testing clearly for different industries and processes Codes require design for primary and secondary stress in static and dynamic modes not just hoop stress Material properties are defined for steel but are tenuous for thermoplastics Properties isotropic Manufacturer independent of design Thermal strain limited < 100ºC NDE is defined for steel Testing is defined Corrosion and Design Life Thermoplastic Piping Design Comparison with GRP
organization was named the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). Currently, the two main standardized building product data models are the following (Eastman, Teicholz, Sacks, Liston, 2008): Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) used for building planning, design, construction and management; CIMsteel Integration Standard Version 2 (CIS/2) used for structural steel engineering and fabrication. Both IFC and CIS/2 include data about geometry, relations, processes and materials, performance, fabrication and other properties needed for design and construction. These are neutral information models and can be created using applications that support the IFC standard. 4.3 Implementation of BIM When a team is collaborative, committed to the overall goals of the project and passionate about finding the best solutions, good things start to happen
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caoutchouc 5. Artikkel "Spnteetilise kautsuki uurimine algas Tartus" Tullo Ilomets Looduslik http://www.ajakiri.ut.ee/orb.aw/class=file/action=preview/id=197978/1020ABCD_v eeb.pdf 6. Eesti Põllumajandusülikool "ELEKTRIMATERJALID" Jürjenson , J. Lepik., T. Peets Tartu 1996 7. "A practical treatise on caoutchouc and gutta percha, comprising the properties of the raw materials and the manner of mixing and working them; with the fabrication of vulcanized and hard rubbers, caoutchouc and gutta percha compositions, waterproof substances, elastic tissues, the utilization of waste, etc" Raimund Hoffer( ing.k. tõlkinud William T. Brannt) London, 1883 http://www.archive.org/stream/practicaltreatis00hoffrich/practicaltreatis00hoffrich_ djvu.txt 8. http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5637645/claims.html võrdleb erinevaid vormivalamissegusid oma komponentidelt.
For every person living in New Zealand there are twenty sheep and three cows. That is why New Zealand sells more meat from these animals, and more butter, than any other country, and also a lot of wool. Other traditional exports include wood, paper, fruit and vegetables, and fish. In the last few decades wine has also become important. New Zealand has substantial hydroelectric power and fairly large reserves of natural gas. The leading manufacturing sectors are food processing, metal fabrication, and wood and paper products. Its main trading partners are Australia, the US, Japan, and China. New Zealand is one of the top holiday destinations in the world with its clean green natural image, scenery, Lord of the Rings film setting, adventure and culture. .....................................................................................................................................................
Annual rainfall in North Island is around 125-150cm, the west receiving slightly more rain than the east. South island is colder. Energy and natural resources: Despite a comparatively small population and abundant natural resources, New Zealand is a net importer of energy. Energy importation is in the form of oil products. About 30% of primary energy is from renewable energy sources. The leading manufacturing sectors are food processing, metal fabrication, wood and paper products. Natural resources: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone Government & economy: New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy with a parlamentary democracy. The House of Representatives - with 120 members an 5 seats for Maoris. Queen Elizabeth is Queen of New Zealand and is represented as head of state by the Governorgeneral. Free education and medical healthcare for children and adult alike are part of the Goverment social platforms
accelerated with an overall increase of 8.5% in tourism earnings in 1998 when compared to the corresponding period in 1997. Jamaica has a wide variety of industrial and commercial activities. The aviation industry is able to perform most routine aircraft maintenance, except for heavy structural repairs. There is a considerable amount of technical support for transport and agricultural aviation. Jamaica has a considerable amount of industrial engineering, light manufacturing, including metal fabrication, metal roofing, and furniture manufacturing. Food and beverage processing, glassware manufacturing, computer software and data processing, printing and publishing, insurance underwriting, music and recording, and advanced education activities can be found in the larger urban areas. The Jamaican construction industry is entirely self-sufficient, with professional technical standards and guidance. Since the first quarter of 2006, the economy of Jamaica has undergone a period of staunch growth
36. Infopüük (interception) on mingi volitamatu subjekti rünne konfidentsiaalsuslele Olulisemad alaliigid: · pealtkuulamine ruumides (salamikrofon, telefoni kaugmikrofon, arvuti mikrofon) · telefonikõnede ja andmesaadetiste pealtkuulamine, nt ümbersuunamisel · salvestatud andmete volitamata lugemine või kopeerimine (nt väline hooldetöötaja) · jääkinfo lugemine koopiamasinast, printerist, faksiaparaadist vms 37. Võltsing (fabrication) kujutab endast võltsitud objektide lisamist infosüsteemi. Ta ohustab peamiselt terviklust Olulisemad alaliigid: · sõnumite salvestus ja taasesitus (nt paroolide hankimine, võltstellimus) · teesklus, st sõnumite saatmine võltsrekvisiitidega (parool, kasutajatunnus vms) ja/või sobiva haruühenduse kaudu · näitlemine, st "oma inimeste" etendamine vahetult objektil või telefonitsi
2007. september – esimene avalik loeng Kari Ristolainen, Senate Properties 2008-2009 – Riigi Kinnisvara AS (RKAS) loob BIM projekteerimise juhendi 2009 – IT klaster ärgitab ehitusvaldkonda ellu kutsuma klastri initsiatiivi (TRAH), parameetrilised tootekataloogid 2010 kaitstakse TTÜ-s esimene oluline BIM-i käsitlev lõputöö teemal „How are 3D and BIM Changing the Design, Fabrication and Construction of Complex Steel Structures?" (Tanel Friedenthal) 2010 esimene BIM projekteerimise hange Narva Politsei ja Piirivalveameti ühishoone projekteerimistöödele (korraldaja RKAS) 2011 loodi MTÜ Eesti BIM kompetentsikeskus, tegemistest kirjutatakse www.cadfoorum.ee 2011 valmis Ragn Sells jäätmekütuse jaam (teostas Maru ehitus) 2
37. People say that they want to be "loved for themselves" but I find that insulting. I want to do things that are worthwhile and be admired because my actions are admirable, not for foolish subjective reasons. 1 38. People think that they "make up their minds," and they're right, but not in the way that they think. Their choices are not their own and what they call their "mind" is a fabrication. 39. People won't be interested in your ideas unless you demonstrate your mastery of their ideas. 40. Science is like country music--those guys can't resist a clever turn of phrase. 41. Some of the worst warmongers are frustrated peacemakers. 42. Stuff that's "over your head" is only a problem if you don't look up. 43. Technology should be made idiot-proof but it should not thereby be made genius-proof. 44. The bullshit isn't all in one place. 45
puhul võib selle põhjuseks olla nt. vargus või riknemine, tarkvara puhul aga andmete kustutamine või hävimine andmekandja vea tõttu. Andmepüük (interception) on andmete lugemine või pealtkuulamine volitamata kasutajate poolt. Süsteemi poolt vaadatuna võib andmepuüki käsitleda andmelekkena, kus lekivad konfidentsiaalsed andmed. Modifitseerimine (modification) on varades volitamata muudatuste tegemine (riistvara puhul näiteks konfiguratsiooni lubamatu muutmine), võltsimine (fabrication) tähendab muuhulgas varade lisamist, sõnumite taasesitust vääras kontekstis ja sõnumi saatmise salgamist. Ohtude allikad Kõigi kirjeldatud ohtude allikad jaotuvad lähtekoha järgi stiihilisteks ja ründekavatsusli- keks. Stiihilise ohu puhul pole ohtu põhjustava sündmuse põhieesmärk arvutisüsteemi varasid ohustada, vaid see on mõne muu sündmuse «kõrvaltoime». Siiski ei maksa stiihilisi ohte alahinnata, kuna just need on väikestes asutustes põhilise kahju tekitajad
Engineers had to know the precise amount of stresses in bridge members to accommodate the thundering impact of locomotives. Founded on the pioneering work of the American Squire Whipple and other European engineers as Collignon, the last quarter of the 19th century witnessed broad application of both analytical and graphical analysis, testing of full-size members, comprehensive stress tables, standardized structural sections, metallurgical analysis, precision manufacturing and fabrication in bridge shops, publication of industry-wide standards, plans, and specifications, inspections, and systematic cooperation between engineers, contractors, manufacturers, and workers. The combined experience of the railroads, bridge manufacturing companies, and the engineering communities enabled the railroads successfully to tackle long-span iron and steel bridges and long-span trussed-roof train sheds, two engineering icons of the 19th century.
NONINHERINT. Intensifying adjectives: Some adjectives have a heightened effect on the noun they modify, or the reverse, a lowering effect. At least three semantic subclasses of intensifying adjectives can be distinguished: a) Emphasizers: have a general heightening effect and are generally attributive only, eg: a true scholar plain nonsense a clear failure the simple truth pure (`sheer') fabrication an outright lie a real (`undoubted') hero sheer arrogance a certain winner a sure sign b) Amplifiers: scale upwards from an assumed norm, and are central adjectives if they are inherent and denote a high or extreme degree: a complete victory ~ The victory was complete. Great destruction ~ The destruction was great. On the other hand, when they are noninherent, amplifiers are attributive only: a complete fool *The fool is complete firm friend *The friend is firm
Kuna andmete lugemine/kirjutamine toimub läbi laserdioodi, mis ei puutu diski, ei saa see ka kunagi kriimustada “töö käigus”. Prinditud tekst on optiline mälu, sest tint muudab paberi omadusi. Sama mehanism ladustab ka digitaalse info barcode’sse. Hiljuti on kaks eri tehnoloogiat omavahel ühendatud, et luua kõrgtihedusega ladustamisseade. Laser loob väikese valguskiire, mis illumineerib väikest täpikest, mis on loodud semiconductor fabrication tehnoloogia poolt. Need täpikesed ladustavad infot nagu augud, mis oleks tehtud kaartidele või paberile. mittekirjutatv CD (CD ROM) kirjutatav CD (CD-R, CD-Recordable) - CD-R puhul kasutatakse tsüaniidi ja phthalocyanine( sinine pulber ), mis on fotosentsitiivsed orgaanilised ainet, sarnanedes fotode puhul kasutatavatele ainetele. ( see põhjendab ka seda, miks Kodak kui ka Fuji tegelevad samuti CD tootmisega ) Protsess ise toimub
faili muutumine kättesaamatuks operatsioonisüsteemi või failiohjuri rikke tõttu. · Infopüük (interception) tähendab mingi volitamata subjekti (isik, programm, arvutisüsteem) rünnet konfidentsiaalsusele (ebaseaduslik kopeerimine, pealtkuulamine jne). Süsteemi poolt vaadatuna on see andmeleke. · Modifitseering (modification) on volitamatu muudatuste tegemine. · Võltsing (fabrication) laias tähenduses hõlmab võltsitud objekti lisamist infosüsteemi, sõnumi reprodutseerimist vääras kontekstis, sõnumi saatmise või saamise salgamist [13, lk 16]. Joonis 3.5 Arvutisüsteemi ohtude põhitüübid (Andmeturbe infotehnoloogilised meetodid, lk 5 ) Tabel 3.2 Arvutisüsteemi ohtude toimimine süsteemi komponentidele (Andmeturbe infotehnoloogilised meetodid lk, 5 )
develop v. to grow; to increase; to become more adj. developing complete n. development n. developer Syn. evolve The management team developed the idea over a period of years. The country's prospects for rapid development depend on approval of the free trade agreement. fabricate v. to make up, usually with an intent to fool or trick; adj. fabricated to lie n. fabrication Syn. invent The executive fabricated the story about the merger. His alibi is the weakest fabrication I have ever heard. investigation n. a careful examination in order to determine adj. investigative facts v. investigate n. investigator Syn. probe The comprehensive investigation of the bank revealed no illegal activity. Some members of the Senate wanted to appoint a special investigator.
Final washing Steam pasteurization Hot water-spraying Spray-chilling Chilling Chemical rinsing Carcass fabrication Post-chilling Cuts and trimmings chemical or other interventions Figure 3.1. Stages of beef-slaughtering dressing process and points where various physical or chemical decon- tamination interventions may be applied. Based on Bell (1997); Gill and Bryant (1997b); and Edwards and Fung (2006).
EWS Employee Written Software [IBM] EWTS Enterprise Web Training System EXCA Exchangeable Card Architecture [Intel] .EXE Executable (file name extension) EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binary format (.COM) file EXIF Exchangeable Image File Format EXM Enterprise Messaging Exchange [Lotus] EXP Exponent EXT External EXTRN External Reference E-ZINE Electronic Magazine F... | TOP | UP to E | DN to G | BOTTOM | FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication Plant FAC File Access Code FAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOS FANS Future Air Navigation System FAP File Access Protocol FAPI Family Application Program Interface FAQ Frequently Asked Question FARNET Federation of American Research Networks [Internet] FASIC Function and Algorithm-Specific Integrated Circuit FAT File Allocation Table FAX Facsimile .FAX Fax (file name extension) FBC Find By Content FC/AL Fiber Channel/Arbitrated Loop FCB File Control Block
Specifically, only the State of Georgia is entitled to invest in: a) Production of banknotes and coins, symbols of State awards, postal stamps; b) Activity related to marking of the products from precious metals; c) Activity related to the import, export, shipment, or wholesale of narcotic substances for medical use and producing new narcotics; d) Activity related to the production, processing, import, export, shipment, wholesale and fabrication of new types of psychotropic medicines under special control; e) Energy dispatching activity. (Law on Promotion and Guarantees of Investment, Article 9, Paragraph 2) Listed restrictions are exhaustive and apply equally both to foreign and local investors. Apart from direct prohibitions, the law provides a list of those fields of activity where invest- ments are allowed, but with certain limitations. These limits apply to economically important strategic areas
Sensors provide the window through which a microprocessor system can see what is happening in the real world. In this chapter, we will take a look at various sensors, their applications, and how they interface to microprocessors. Temperature Sensors Temperature is one of the most common real-world characteristics that needs to be measured. Many industrial processes, from steel manufacturing to semi- conductor fabrication, depend on temperature. Some electronics products need to measure their own temperature, such as a computer that monitors the temperature of the CPU or a motor controller that must know the tem- perature of the power driver IC. Thermistors A thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor. Most thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient (NTC), meaning the resistance goes up as temperature goes down. Of all passive temperature measurement sensors,
Compliance professionals who infuse their requests with one or another of the triggers of influence are more likely to be successful. The use of these triggers by practitioners is not necessarily exploitative. It only becomes so when the trigger is not a natural feature of the situation but is fabricated by the practi- tioner. In order to retain the beneficial character of shortcut response, it is im- portant to oppose such fabrication by all appropriate means. Study Questions Critical Thinking 1. Pick any three of the weapons of influence described in this book. Discuss in each case how the weapon could be used to enhance compliance in what you would consider an exploitative manner and in what you would consider a nonexploitative manner. 2. For each of the three weapons of influence you choose, describe the way you would
annaabi.ee 
