Vajad kellegagi rääkida?
Küsi julgelt abi LasteAbi
Logi sisse
Sulge

Estonian Business Incubators - sarnased materjalid

Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Estonian Business Incubators". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.

creative, ülemiste, focus, support, service, other, provide, enterprises, client, essay, companies, there, europe, focused, operation, them, location, success, network, services, academy, open, relations, darja, define, designed, maintain, development, entrepreneurial, than, groups, technological, areas, exist, initiatives, those, located, technology
Public Administration and Innovation
26
docx

Public Administration and Innovation

Preparing for exam. Focus areas Defining innovation ● “An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.” (Rogers 1952) ● CIS survey: “Product innovations must be new to your enterprise, but they do not need to be new to your market”. ● “Companies achieve competitive advantage through acts of innovation. They approach innovation in its broadest sense, including both new technologies and new ways of doing things” – (Porter 1990) ● “An innovative business is one which lives and breathes “outside the box”. It is

Public Administration
5 allalaadimist
IT Strateegia IT Ettevõttele
24
pdf

IT Strateegia IT Ettevõttele

The primary area of competence of the organization is IT domain. Lee IS has been active since 2002 and during that time has successfully provided a wide range of services and solutions. In the past years the specialty of Lee IS was narrowed down to IS development for specific business domains due to the rising demand and profitability. 2. Business Plan 2.1.Mission Lee IS is set on catering the most effective solution to a given customer and offering the most effective partnership in its support. Effectiveness implies, amongst other things, information being: stored without essential use of paper transmitted without essential burning of fuel processed without essential human labor/endeavor 2.2.Values Simplicity and transparency Taking responsibility for every implemented piece in appreciation of the value of long- term relationships Free and creative thinking precedes rules and standards

Informaatika
58 allalaadimist
All about High Tech
5
docx

All about High Tech

tech, then at least somewhat obsolete. This fuzzy definition has led to marketing departments describing nearly all new products as high tech. Economy Because the high-tech sector of the economy develops or uses the most advanced technology known, it is often seen as having the most potential for future growth. This perception has led to high investment in high-tech sectors of the economy. High-tech startup enterprises receive a large portion of venture capital. However, if, as has happened in the past, investment exceeds actual potential, then investors can lose all or most of their investment. High tech is often viewed as high risk, but offering the opportunity for high profits. Like Big Science, high technology is an international phenomenon, spanning continents, epitomized by the worldwide communication of the Internet. Thus a multinational corporation

Inglise keel
24 allalaadimist
MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED BUSINESS PLAN 2018
11
docx

MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED BUSINESS PLAN 2018

the United Kingdom. We are selling Rannarootsi and Frank Pott brands and sell them online, http://www.mpwildgame.co.uk Future plans are to start trading also in Leicester Market in November/December as a Market Stall, supplying deli shops (including North European and International), wholesalers and supermarkets (including Tesco, ASDA, Morrison's, Sainsbury's). My three big business values: * Quality products * Professional customer service * 100% recyclable products I started as a Sole Trader on 1st of June 2012, because it's simple and straight forward structure for my business. As my business have been growing I registered in Companies House on 29th of June 2017 as MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED. 1.2 Business aims: My business aims are customer satisfaction and professional service. Short-term Goal (up to 1 year) ­ I aim to start off at the Leicester Estonian House and Leicester Market and build a steady regular customer base

Äriplaan
11 allalaadimist
-Career and Employment-Homereading
8
doc

"Career and Employment" Homereading

And yet it's never been easier. Portfolio careers are becoming normal and it's increasingly possible to make the change gradually by training part-time. One question I ask people is, 'What will happen if you don't do it?' The answer inevitably is that they will wish they had." There are plenty of organisations able to help people embark on their journey of career change. SMP Solutions is among them. Steve Preston, the director, says that while some people opt for one-to-one advice and support, others benefit from group workshops. "People are not very good at talking about themselves in a positive way and what happens in a group dynamic is that people point out others' strengths and potential ideas for careers. It works well." Emma White, a personal development coach, believes it's important that people understand the breadth of careers out there. "Sometimes I get people coming to me saying something like, 'I just know I want to work with animals.' They go away amazed at the

Inglise keel
45 allalaadimist
Äriplaan
8
doc

Äriplaan

...............................................................................................3 Mission ...............................................................................................................................3 Keys to Success...................................................................................................................4 COMPANY DESCRIPTION................................................................................................. 4 PRODUCT AND SERVICE ..................................................................................................4 TARGET MARKET ..............................................................................................................5 Main competitor..................................................................................................................5 MARKETING AND SALES PLAN .....................................................................................5 Marketing strategy ........

Inglise keel
389 allalaadimist
Business peciliarities in Ukraine and Bealrus
106
pdf

Business peciliarities in Ukraine and Bealrus

............................................................................................104 ABOUT TRADERUN PROGRAMME ..................................................................................106 3 INTRODUCTION The current reading material focuses on business peculiarities in Ukraine and Belarus. *** The aim of the Traderun programme course "FUNDING PROJECTS IN RUSSIA AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES" is to provide the students with comprehensive and practical overview of the fundraising possibilities in EU and Estonia. The course gives an overview of EU structural support and regional implementing agencies, that are available for a businessman to apply for a fund. A successful student will be aware of and understand the EU fundraising possibilities in the frames of cooperation with Russian and Eastern Partnership countries, and able to define the financing criteria and priorities.

Inglise keel
4 allalaadimist
Economy of Estonia
2
doc

Economy of Estonia.

In order to be able to import all the products and services, something must be exported, that's why export holds such a prominent position for the Estonian economy and its growth. A couple of generations ago agriculture was the main occupation of the Estonians. Nowadays only about 4% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture. The 1990s was a hard time for agriculture ­ competition with cheap imported products became an issue, enterprises had no money for new equipment and vehicles. Although today the situation in agriculture isn't perfect, some enterprises, including farms who use modern production methods, have cropped up. Joining the European Union has had a positive effect on Estonian agriculture as we can now sell food products to other European countries. Milk cattle, also pigs and poultry are the main farm animals raised in Estonia. Field crops include cereal crops, potatoes and vegetables

Inglise keel
9 allalaadimist
Life in Estonia through the eyes of an economics student
6
docx

Life in Estonia through the eyes of an economics student

Right now Estonia's most important trading partners are Finland, Sweden, Russia and Germany which Estonia is mainly influenced by. Maintaining good relations between neighboring countries and being a member of EU has opened the possibility not only for good trading business but also to take the opportunities to travel and work abroad more easily improving Estonians human capital. Furthermore, Estonia has really outstanding level of education. Compared to other countries, our students get more thorough education and have good knowledge of languages. Based on the OECD’s Education at a Glance 2014 at least 90% of 25-64years old Estonians have secondary education, while average of OECD is 75%. Their level of education is more appreciated on the job market both in homeland and abroad. Moreover, due to countrys valuable workforce, Estonia has an effective job market. Higher standards of education do not

Inglise keel
3 allalaadimist
Introduction of SCM
40
doc

Introduction of SCM

INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Supply chain management is typically viewed to lie between fully vertically integrated firms, where the entire material flow is owned by a single firm and those where each channel member operates independently. Therefore coordination between the various players in the chain is key in its effective management

3 allalaadimist
Integration of Lean Con-and Building Information Modelling
109
pdf

Integration of Lean Con. and Building Information Modelling

the failures at the root level. 2.1 Problems Many studies of the problems and causes for the problems mostly point out the same issues associated with construction industry. The nature of the construction industry is very often characterized as the following (Koskela2 1992): Low productivity Poor safety Inferior working conditions Insufficient quality The construction industry is seen as an unproductive production system if compared with other industries, e.g., car manufacturing (Koskela and Vrijhoef 2001; Winch 1998). High levels of waste and unpredictability in terms of delivery, time, budget, profitability and standards of quality combine to 2 Professor, School of the Built Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK. One of the founders of IGLC. Suggested TFV theory in 2000 as his PhD thesies. 10

Ehitusjuhtimine
70 allalaadimist
Business peculiarities in Russia
55
pdf

Business peculiarities in Russia

........................................................................... 45 7. ACCOUNTING ............................................................................................................................ 49 7.1 Levels of the system of accounting regulation in the Russian Federation ................................ 49 7.2. The Federal Law "On Accounting" ............................................................................................ 51 7.3. Chart of accounts and other documents .............................................................................. 52 7.4. Russian tax system ................................................................................................................ 53 7.5. Banking system in Russia....................................................................................................... 53 ABOUT TRADERUN PROGRAMME........................................................................................................

Inglise keel
1 allalaadimist
Economy of Estonia
3
odt

Economy of Estonia

Due to the available natural resources Estonian economy largely relies on the branches related to the forest; Estonian energy sector is based on oil shale, a resource quite rare elsewhere in the world. Finland and Sweden are the most important trade partners. The Estonian economy profits significantly from the business generated by more than 2 million tourists a year, most of whom come from Finland. More than 67% of the Estonian GDP is derived from the service sectors, industrial sectors yield over 28% and primary branches (including agriculture) approximately 5.5% of the overall output. The important sectors of the Estonian economy are the processing industry (approximately 18% of the overall production), transport, warehousing and communications (15%), commerce (over 14%) and estate, rental and letting, as well as business services (about 16.5%). Agriculture amounts to slightly less than 3% of the overall production, construction

Inglise keel
8 allalaadimist
Industry of television and video technics
10
doc

Industry of television and video technics

Video Technics' ApellaTM and NewsFlowTM solutions streamline the entire production process from automated ingest, to edit, production, playout to air, to archive and feature proxy creation, and unparalleled asset management. These complete solutions, built around the Company's IT-based technology, have dependably anticipated and responded to the ever-evolving needs of the broadcast industry. The only aspect of Video Technics that surpasses its unparalleled products is its outstanding customer service. From the initial design of your customized solution, through implementation, training, and superior customer support, Video Technics builds relationships one customer at a time. From small to large facilities, Video Technics provides cost effective solutions that are scalable and built on an open architecture with interoperability to work seamlessly with existing hardware and software. When looking to optimize your return on investment

Geograafia
9 allalaadimist
Report-estonian ecnomy
8
docx

Report: estonian ecnomy

Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian. Estonia has only one official language which is Estonian. According to information by the Institute of the Estonian Language there are about 75% of Estonian people who speak Estonian. The most common foreign languages learned by Estonian students are English, Russian, German and French. Other popular languages include Finnish, Spanish and Swedish. Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. In Estonia there are 47 cities/towns. More than 70% of the population lives in towns. The largest cities are Tallinn, Tartu, Narva, Pärnu. According to the information from tallinn.ee there are 439 517 people living in Tallinn of the 1th of January. In 2013 there where 621 300 people employed across all industry sectors. 26 500 of them

Rahanduse alused
7 allalaadimist
ESTONIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
4
docx

ESTONIAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Ukrainians, Belarussians, Finnish, Tatars, Latvians, Poles, Lithuanians, Jews, Germans and others. Due to this fact, the most popular languages spoken as a mother language are Estonian, Russian and Ukrainian. Nevertheless, there is still just one official language of Estonia, which is Estonian. Most of the people, approximately 900,000 live in the cities, such as Tallinn, Tartu, Narva. The most common sector that people work in is the service sector. People in Estonia are also involved in other sectors of industry, such as wood, construction, electronic and energy. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic. It has a single-chamber parliament with 101 members that are elected by the people in every four years. It is called Riigikogu. The parliament determines the income and expenses of Estonia as well as presents statements and declarations to the people of Estonia. It also has the right to accept new laws and ratify national treaties

Inglise keel
15 allalaadimist
Ettekanne-business in estonia
1
docx

Ettekanne-business in estonia

the work or the field. Broader (laiem) economic and social life is worth keeping track of. In the economic development perspective, it is important that people improve their knowledge and skills and meet the expectations of society and the market. You have to learn pasicly throughout the life. We have to study to get knowleges and skills. In Estonia you can study business in Estonian Business School and in Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied scienses. Both school focus mainly in business area. In Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied scienses you can learn new speciality which is Business Start Up. Learning Start up is 3 year. First year you make a group and think business idea, other two years you start your own business where mentors and business leaders are always next to you and tells what to do and how to do. After 3 years you got diploma and your own business. THIRD: The market for the industrial sector which interests me is agriculture, more

Inglise keel
2 allalaadimist
Silicon Valley
6
doc

Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it? It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a silicon valley even here? What it takes is the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley. That's a striking departure from the past. Up till a couple decades ago, geography was destiny for cities

Inglise keel
8 allalaadimist
Nokia Report
7
doc

Nokia Report

Quality in management is vital for leveraging innovations globally and improving productivity in general. Our approach to this is platform thinking, process management and combining fact-based management with values-based leadership." (Quote from Nokia's homepage) ANALYSIS Nokia is a world leader in mobile communications, driving the growth and sustainability of the broader mobility industry. Nokia connects people to each other and the information that matters to them with easy-to-use and innovative products like mobile phones, devices and solutions for imaging, games, media and businesses. Nokia provides equipment, solutions and services for network operators and corporations. I aim to find what gives Nokia an advantage to other businesses and how is it that a small firm which started out as a pulp mill became the world leader in mobile communications.

Inglise keel
100 allalaadimist
Kuidas kirjutada esseed
6
doc

Kuidas kirjutada esseed

The Essay Writing Manual Brain Storming The process of writing the application essay can be broken into five very basic parts: Brainstorming Selecting the essay topic Writing the essay Revising the essay Coming up with the final draft 1. BRAINSTORMING: Brainstorming is the process of coming up with ideas spontaneously from free flowing writing or talking. To brainstorm, you can simply sit down with a pen and jot down every idea that comes into your head. Another approach is to simply start writing and see where you end up. Record as much information as you can recall, such as schools attended, courses taken, jobs held, research projects undertaken. Work on

Inglise keel
436 allalaadimist
SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING GUIDELINES
34
doc

SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING GUIDELINES

and unanticipated opportunities – in supply chains, in communities, among regulations, and in reputation and brand management.  Sustainability reporting helps sharpen management’s ability to assess the organizations contribution to natural, human, and social capital.  Sustainability reporting may reduce volatility and uncertainty in share price for publicly traded enterprises, as well as reducing the cost of capital. 6 2. GRI GUIDELINES The GRI Guidelines are a framework for reporting on an organisation’s economic, environmental, and social performance. The Guidelines:  present reporting principles and specific content to guide the preparation of organisation-level sustainability reports;  assist organisations in presenting a balanced and reasonable picture of their economic,

Majandus
4 allalaadimist
IT arhitektuur
44
doc

IT arhitektuur

1.The Conceptual Architecture identifies the high-level components of the system, and the relationships among them. Its purpose is to direct attention at an appropriate decomposition other system without delving into details. Moreover, it provides a useful vehicle for communicating the architecture to non-technical audiences, such as management, marketing, and users. Logical Architecture In Logical Architecture, the externally visible properties of the components are made precise and unambiguous through well-defined interfaces and component specifications, and key architectural mechanisms are detailed. The Logical Architecture provides a detailed "blueprint" from which

It arhitektuur
78 allalaadimist
There is no such thing as a totally sustainable tourism
10
odt

There is no such thing as a totally sustainable tourism

industry. Moreover, Mintel (2005) states that tourism contribution to sustainable development is being recognised increasingly by governments and international organisations. In addition, United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, a.i.) states that tourism nowadays takes full responsibility of impacts that it is making, such as current and future economic, social and environmental. Therefore, this essay will identify opportunities of achieving sustainable tourism. The essay will compare different definitions of sustainable tourism, create a new one and apply it with chosen destination. This essay will focus on sustainable tourism in Belize. Sustainable tourism has several definitions, depending on point of view. However, first it is essential to establish what sustainability is. Probably, one of the first definitions for sustainability from

Inglise keel
2 allalaadimist
CHANGE YOUR THINKING CHANGE YOUR LIFE
580
pdf

CHANGE YOUR THINKING CHANGE YOUR LIFE

for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. The publisher is not engaged in rendering professional sevices, and you should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that

Inglise keel
19 allalaadimist
Home Assignments
14
doc

Home Assignments

12.2012 Home Assignments. I Youtube clips: · A vision of K-12 students I personally think that Estonian learners are also digital learners. They spend more time at the computers or laptops or iPads etc. than read books or move outside. And another thing is that teachers are less capable in using technological appliances. But the latter mentioned fact is an advantage for us ­ teachers as well. It gives us an opportunity to provide our students to experience success. They can help and assist us if we need some technological help. Another thing is that in schools, in classes generally students are not allowed to use their appliances, so it means they have to communicate verbally as well. I think that teachers should be creative to blend so-called digital learning/teaching with old-fashioned learning/teaching. · Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?

Inglise keel
11 allalaadimist
Hotel Sophia
2
docx

Hotel Sophia

Hotel Sophia Hotel Sophia was established with the aim to combine great hotel experience with good prices. The aim is to provide visitors with more than simply accommodation, be it a holiday, business or conference trip. Therefore, we have drawn together innovative ideas and thoughts, inspired by a smart and active lifestyle. Hotel Sophia boasts spacious and modern rooms. Natural and allergy-free materials have been used for decorative applications. Check in 3 pm, check out 12 pm. The hotel's location is an effective hub between Estonian cities and easily

Inglise keel
2 allalaadimist
Investment Plan For Valentino Chocolates Marketing
2
docx

Investment Plan For Valentino Chocolates Marketing

Investment Plan For Valentino Chocolates Marketing Essay Today, Valentino's chocolatiers are making over 60 different quality chocolates, with respect for tradition and a passion for taste. Thousands of people are enjoying more than 300,000kg of Valentino chocolates, bars and figures every year. In addition to the all time favorites, Valentino specializes in new creations which have been recognized and prized all over the world. Each month, Valentino presents a new chocolate, based on an exclusive

Inglise keel
4 allalaadimist
ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC-THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996
278
doc

ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996.

THE RISE OF ATTENTION TO HISTORY AND FOLKLORE: JUHAN AAVIK, EDUARD TUBIN, EUGEN KAPP. VII. FURTHER MATURING OF SYMPHONIC MUSIC: HEINO ELLER, EVALD AAV, EDUARD TUBIN. THE FIRST ESTONIAN BALLET. SUMMARY OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD. HALF A CENTURY UNDER SOVIET OCCUPATION. IDEOLOGY OVER MUSIC. EXTENSIVE INFLUX OF CONTEMPORARY TRENDS. VIII. THE FORTIES. TRANSFORMATION OF ESTONIAN LIFE. THE WAR-TIME SYMPHONIC OUTPUT. IX. THE PLANTING OF NEW CREATIVE PRINCIPLES DURING THE POST-WAR YEARS. X. THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTIES. TOWARDS A MODERN IDIOM: EINO TAMBERG AND VELJO TORMIS. XI. THE NEOCLASSICISM AND CONSTRUCTIVE THINKING OF JAAN RÄÄTS. XII. THE FIRST HALF OF THE SIXTIES. DODECAPHONY OF ARVO PÄRT. XIII. THE DRAMATIC PHILOSOPHICAL OUTPUT OF HELMUT ROSENVALD. XIV. THE ELEMENTS OF JAZZ, FOLK MUSIC AND DODECAPHONY IN THE SYMPHONISM OF ANTI MARGUSTE. XV. HEIMAR ILVES AND HIS MUSIC – DEEP IN THOUGHT AND FEELING. XVI

Inglise keel
11 allalaadimist
Case Google
8
docx

Case Google

1. What were the key factors behind Google's early success? There were 4 main key factors behind Google's early success: · Perfecting an innovative search engine- clearly the most important factor for Google's success. Google stopped counting keywords like old search engines and started using famous Page Rank algorithm. A reliable searches through the number of websites that link to a page to weight search result relevance. · Google focusing on the user- Focus on the user and all else will follow. Attraction for users were the no-nonsense simple white search pages and distractive colorful logo with no ads or editorial content on the page lead to easy and fast search that Yahoo couldn't imitate. · Google delivered search results people really wanted- trustworthy for users. The promised not to sell placement in search results to advertisers and instead

Inglise keel
1 allalaadimist
Education
14
doc

Education

majority even tax themselves to help educate others. Schooling choices are varied. If money was not problematic I would send my kids to the best schools. If money is lacking (and so far, it is) I'd send them to the best public schools within reasonable proximity. Home education is an alternative idea, and I won't rule it out, but need to learn more about it first. My hunch is, even average Seattle public schools can turn out well rounded, capable students, if the students receive excellent support at home. I say this because I've met such students. Also, some private schools kids have turned out to be unsuccessful. Probably a loving, involved family atmosphere, in which such things as reading, game- playing, shared meals and other activities all go on routinely -- is more valuable than monetary wealth with a sterile family life. Sure, children can always grow up to beat the odds. But I'd rather cast my vote for public schools and the Republicans' "strong family values" over a

Inglise keel
127 allalaadimist
Turundusplaani koostamine
5
doc

Turundusplaani koostamine

dishes include pesto with smoked salmon, pancetta and peas linguini in an special sauce, and fresh mussels and clams in a marinara sauce. Toscana also serves distinct salads, desserts, and beverages. Toscana Gourmet will reinvent the Italian food experience for individuals, families, and take out customers with discretionary income by selling high quality, innovative products at a reasonable price, designing tasteful, convenient locations, and providing excellent customer service. The basic market need is to offer individuals, families, and take out customers' fresh, creative, attractive, pasta and risotto dishes, salads and desserts. Toscana uses homemade pasta, fresh vegetables, and premium meats and cheeses. Toscana Gourmet possesses good information about the market and knows a great deal about the needs of our most loyal customers. Toscana's management is both focused on repeat business as well as gaining new customers,

Inglise keel
36 allalaadimist
Topic - Sport
6
doc

Topic - Sport

indoors, some can be practised only at a certain time of year. There are winter and summer sports also. Skiing, figure-skating, sledding and snowboarding ­ these four most popular are practised during winter. Good examples of summer sports are: swimming, badminton, roller skating and golf. 2. The ancient Olympic Games The first recorded Olympic Games took place in 776. B.C. at Olympia but the city may have functioned as a meeting place for worship and other political practices many years earlier. The city is located in western Greece. The games were held every four years. It is also presumed that such competitions pleased the spirits of the dead and were organized as part of funeral ceremonies for important people. Later games became part of religious festivals of honouring the gods but mostly they honoured the king of the gods ­ Zeus. The ancient stadium in Olympia could accommodate more than 40,000 spectators. The only event in the first 13

Inglise keel
35 allalaadimist
BARRIERS TO DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENT IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
10
docx

BARRIERS TO DISTRICT HEATING DEVELOPMENT IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

One actor should control DH from source to consumption. If the value chain is fragmented, contracts are required between the links. It increases risks and financing costs, like in the UK and Ireland, where DH is not established. There are few multi- family houses with central heating and it is expensive to build DH networks in built areas. Most French DH systems are operated according to long-term concessions by companies that sell electricity and gas. No strong actor provides unbiased DH support. In the Czech Republic, gas offers DH severe competition. Much DH is produced at the expense of electricity that is considered more valuable, and waste incineration is not popular. In Romania, DH consumption was reduced by one-half. Distribution losses are enormous. New less polluting plants are needed. Consortia from established DH countries could offer DH systems from fuel to customer if local policies facilitate DH development. Introduction

Inglise keel
1 allalaadimist


Sellel veebilehel kasutatakse küpsiseid. Kasutamist jätkates nõustute küpsiste ja veebilehe üldtingimustega Nõustun