Eiffel Tower Introduction · The Eiffel Tower is a wrought iron lattice tower in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. · Constructed from 188789 as the entrance to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticized by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but it has become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. · The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. Introduction · It's 324 metres tall, what maks it the tallest building in Paris(It's about as tall as a 80-storey building!).
The Eiffel Tower English Tatyana Kareva 9a Form The Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris. The tower has become a global icon of France and is one of the most recognizable structures in the world. Most visited monument Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in Paris. More than 200,000,000 have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, making it the most visited paid monument in the world High Including the 24 m antenna, the structure is 325 m high (since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building. Structure
Described in the Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland as "the one immediately and internationally recognised Scottish landmark", it may be nominated by the British government to be added to the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Scotland. The bridge and its associated railway infrastructure is owned by Network Rail Infrastructure Limited. Until 1917, when the Quebec Bridge was completed, it was the longest cantilever bridge in the world. The Forth Bridge remains the second longest. First steel structure The bridge was built in steel alone, the first bridge in Britain to use that material. It was the first major structure in Britain to be constructed of steel; Its contemporary, the Eiffel Tower was built of wrought iron. Construction The bridge is, even today, regarded as an engineering marvel. It is 2.5 km (1.5 miles) in length, and the double track is elevated 46 m (approx. 150 ft) above high tide. It consists of two main spans of 521.3 m (1,710 ft), two side spans of 207
THE CITY OF LONDON History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies
Burj al-Arab Hotel - The tourist magnet of Dubai The Burj Al Arab : literally, Tower of the Arabs is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction Construction of Burj Al Arab began in 1994. In 1999 the tower that resembles the sail of a dhow, became the world's tallest hotel with the height of 321 m. The architect Tom Wright has said that the client wanted a building that would become an iconic or symbolic statement for Dubai. This is very similar to Sydney with its Opera House, or Paris with the Eiffel Tower. It had to be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country. The world's tallest hotel is also popularly described as the world's only 7-Star hotel - although its formal rating is 5 Star Deluxe, the highest the international rating system offers.
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible which is commodious, firm, and occasionally delightful
Date started:January 1970 Date finished:May 5, 1984 Location:Paraná River, between Brazil and Paraguay The Itaipu Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. The name "Itaipu" was taken from an isle that existed near the construction site. In the Guarani language, Itaipu means "the sound of a stone". The American composer Philip Glass has also written a symphonic cantata named Itaipu, in honour of the structure. The dam is the largest operating hydroelectric facility in terms of annual generating capacity, generating 94.7 TWh in 2008 and 91.6 TWh in 2009, while the annual generating capacity of the Three Gorges Dam was 80.8 TWh in 2008 and 79.4 TWh in 2009. It is a binational undertaking run by Brazil and Paraguay at the Paraná River on the border section between the two countries, 15 km (9.3 mi) north of the Friendship Bridge. Panama Canal
It is instead wholly owned by the U.S. government; thus admission to the gallery is free. The gallery's west wing features the nation's collection of American and European art through the 19th century. The east wing, designed by architect I. M. Pei, features works of modern art. The Smithsonian American Art Museum and the National Portrait Gallery are often confused with the National Gallery of Art when they are in fact entirely separate institutions. The National Building Museum, located near Judiciary Square, was chartered by Congress and hosts temporary and traveling exhibits. 4.There are many private art museums in the District of Columbia, which house major collections and exhibits open to the public such as: the National Museum of Women in the Arts; the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the largest private museum in Washington; and The Phillips Collection in Dupont Circle, the first museum of modern art in the United States
Big Ben When most people heat the words "Big Ben" they immediately conjure up an image of the striking Victorian Gothic structure of the clock tower of the Palace of Westminster (the Houses of Parliament). Let's clear up a common misconception first; technically speaking, the name "Big Ben" does not refer to the famous tower, nor to the four huge clock faces of this London landmark; instead, it refers to the largest of the five bells inside the clock tower, whose chimes are such a familiar sound to listeners to BBC radio over the years.
The gay pride was first held there in 2006. Currently there are many pubs, bars, nightclubs and radio stations for gay people. I recognised one person from the Notable People section and this was Cynthia Lennon, the first wife of John Lennon, who was born in Blackpool. Empress Ballroom Empress Ballroom is situated in the Winter Gardens and it is very widely used. For example conferences, dance competitions and music concerts. It was built in 1896 and it can find room for up to 3000 people. History of the Festival The festival was first held in 1920 and the man behind this idea was either Mr Harry Wood or Mr. Nelson Sharples. The first festival was held in the Empress Ballroom in the Winter Gardens and was consecrated to three competitions in three tempos: Waltz, Two Step and Foxtrot. In 1950 the Winter Garden Company decided to hold an Old Time Ball which was
The City of London History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up the entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by the Romans. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the "London Bridge" in the past. Products such as olive oil, wines and fruit were brought by ships from different parts of the Roman Empire and unloaded onto wooden quays along the river. In AD 61 the native Celtic Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against The Romans. They burnt Londinium to the ground but Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca. The city was rebuilt and was gradually surrounded with a wall
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt
enlarged it and constructed Westminster Hall. The two centres which were to characterise the English capital for many years emerged: The City of L and Westminster. In 1193 Londoners elected Henry Fitzalwin their first Mayor and in 1209 a stone bridge was built to replace the earlier wooden one, which was the first real London Bridge. In 1349 the Black Death killed thousands of citizens. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the first map of L was published and the Globe Theatre built. Many people perished In the Plague (1603) and in the following Great Plague (1664-1665). It was ended by the Great Fire on Sept 2, 1666. It destroyed many houses and churches including St Paul's, and the Royal Exchange. However, the Fire meant that the City could be improved. The streets were widened and the houses were built of stronger materials. Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt 53 of the destroyed churches.
and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs 5 tons. · Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.
In fact, Canada is the second largest oil reserve holder in the world, after Saudi Arabia. Central Canada which includes Ontario and Quebec is not the geographical centre of Canada. It is called that because it has historically been the political and economic centre of the country. Central Canada is the most heavily populated and industrialised area. In there lie the Great Lakes the largest body of fresh water in the world. Some of the first settlements in Canada were, naturally, built around those areas. In the Atlantic Provinces, the most important activities include fishing and farming of all sorts. Also in the Atlantic Provinces are the Appalachian Mountains old and rounded mountains. The North is also comprised of three territories. The area has a varied landscape including mountains and plains. The climate there is extremely cold with long winters and a lot of snow. Much of the area is treeless tundra. In the summer months, the sun stays up for the whole day,
4. She bought her wedding dress in an exclusive shop on Fifth Avenue. 5. Nathan was able to exchange money at the exchange counter in the airport. 6. If you want anything to eat, there is a freshly baked chocolate cake on the table in the kitchen and plenty of food in the refrigerator. 7. While Shirley was in Tacy's department store at the mall, she ran into Evan and Lea in the furniture department. 8. While Dave was at the top of the Eiffel Tower, he could see several tourist boats on the Seine, the river that runs through Paris. 9. I stood in line for thirty minutes at the ticket window in the movie theater to get tickets for the film. 10. Mike was sitting at his desk in his office at work when Bill called; Bill was in Asia on business. Ermo Altmäe 011PK Direction Prepositions Multiple Choice Exercise Correct! Well done. Your score is 5%. 1. Donna went into the store, but I don't think she found what she was looking for because she came back out almost immediately. 2
London history During the 19th century, London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later. During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance. The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini which linked London to every corner of Britain. These included Euston station (1837), Paddington station (1838), Fenchurch Street station (1841), Waterloo station (1848), King's Cross station (1850), and St Pancras station (1863). From 1863, the first lines of the London Underground were constructed.Parliament finally gave consent for the
Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal
Kunda Ühisgümnaasium Tallin Old Town Report Student: Kristin Karu Teacher: Kristi Aron Kunda 2012 The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is an orthodox cathedral in the Tallinn Old Town,Estonia. It was built to a design by Mikhail Preobrazhensky in a typical Russian Revivalstyle between 1894 and 1900, during the period when the country was part of theRussian Empire. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is Tallinn's largest and grandest orthodox cupola cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Alexander Nevsky who in 1242 won the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Russian patriarch, Alexis II, started his priestly ministry in the church.
But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee. Years later, following a victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror was crowned King of England in the newly-finished Westminster Abbey in 1066. William granted the citizens of London special privileges while building a castle in the corner of the city to keep them under control. This castle was expanded by later kings and is now known as the Tower of London. The city grew in wealth and population during the Middle Ages. In 1100 its population was around 18,000 but after 200 years it had grown to nearly 100,000. However disaster struck during the Black Death, when London lost nearly a third of its population. After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, stability in politics allowed the city to grow even more
led to a requirement for a new river crossing downstream of London Bridge. · Subway Committee was formed in 1876, chaired by Sir Albert Joseph Altman, to find a solution to the river crossing problem. It opened the design of the crossing to public competition. Over 50 designs were submitted. · Jones' engineer, Sir John Wolfe Barry, devised the idea of a bascule bridge 800 feet (244 m) in length with two towers each 213 feet (65 m) high, built on piers. The central span of 200 feet (61 m) between the towers was split into two equal leaves, which could be raised to an angle of 83 degrees to allow river traffic to pass. The leaves, weighing over 1,000 tons each, were balanced to minimize the force required and allow raising in five minutes. · Jones died in 1887 and George D. Stevenson took over the project. · Stevenson replaced Jones' original brick facade with the more ornate Victorian
Queen Caroline made a division between the two. THE TOWER OF LONDON: Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government. [1] TOWER BRIDGE: Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name.It has become an iconic symbol of London. WESTMINISTER ABBEY: Westminster Abbey is steeped in more than a thousand years of history. Benedictine monks first came to this site in the middle of the tenth century, establishing a tradition of daily worship which continues to this day
01.2010 Juhendaja: Roode Liias ……………………….. Ülesande vastu võtnud: Tanel Friedenthal ………………………. Abstract How are 3D and BIM Changing the Design, Fabrication and Construction of Complex Steel Structures? The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) design and construction tools have created a remarkable shift in the building industry. Intelligent 3D technology in the form of Building Information Modeling (BIM) not only promises to improve the notoriously inefficient construction process, but also opens the door for designing new geometric shapes, which until recently have been considered unbuildable. Steel has been extensively used to build some of the most challenging architectural icons of the 21st century, due to its low weight and high strength in both compression and tension. Therefore, the steel
Tallinn Mustamäe College G2K Jaana-Kristiina Jõgevest The Four oldest churches of Tallinn Report Supervisor: Ingrid Teigar Tallinn 2009 The Dome Church The Danes began fortification of Toompea after the conquest of Tallinn in 1219 and probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229. The first written data on the cathedral date back to 1233, the date of a
Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on the spot of the Toompea Hill, but the real Tallinn was built by the Danes who conquered the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order. The Germans renamed Tallinn and called it Reval.
The New York 1. The Empire State Building. The Empire State Building is a 102-story landmark Art Deco skyscraper in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. Its name is derived from the nickname for the state of New York, The Empire State. It stood as the world's tallest building for more than forty years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trad Center's North Tower was completed in 1972. 2. Central Park. Central Park is an urban park that occupies about 1.2 square miles (341 hectares, or 843 acres) in the heart of Manhattan in New York City. It is host to approximately twenty-five million visitors each year. Central Park was opened in 1859, completed in 1873 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. 3. The statue of Liberty.
spectacular (although I did enjoy the vistas from the Tour Montparnasse in Paris more). The London Eye, also known as the Millennium Wheel, is an observation wheel that completed construction in 1999 and opened to the public in March, 2000. As of June 2007, it is the largest observation wheel in the world, although there are larger ferris wheels, such as The Star of Nanchang, and a contender for the title in the Singapore Flyer due for completion in 2007. The London Eye has become the most popular paid for UK visitor attraction, visited by over 3
On the northern portion of the passage you can find what's left of St. Catherine's Church (hence the passage name) and various large, ancient tombstones that used to line the inside of the sanctuary. On the southern portion of the passage, you'll find numerous artisan workshops, where you'll even get see them hard at work creating new items. City wall Tallinn's medieval city wall is a sub-facility that was built to protect the lower Tallinn and upper Tallinn (Toompea). The building of the city wall began in 1310th years, and by improving over time it formed the city wall with defensive buildings (towers). It was finished by the end of the 1561. Then it was 2.35-kilometer-long circular wall, which had 27 wall gate, 8 tower gate and 21 other stone fortifications. Many parts of the town wall have survived until today Great Coastal Gate (Suur Rannavärav) and Fat Margaret's
Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained their national flag, the Dannebrog in a battle against the Estonians. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order. Toompea became the seat of the German-born gentry. A wall was built to separate the Upper Town and the Lower Town. In 1285 Tallinn joined the Hanseatic league and became a junction of trade between East and West. Tallinn is said to be built on salt, as it was an important trading commodity. In the 16th century Tallinn had a population of about 7,000 8,000 making it one of the biggest cities in northern Europe. In 1629 Sweden took control of the whole of Estonia. Though hard times
London London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. The Thames is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. The Thames has a length of 346 kilometres (215 miles). The first bridge was the tower bridge, built in the 12th century. The second bridge was built in the year 1750. .The river Thames divides London into the northern and the southern part. The port of London is one of the greatest trade centres in the world. The river Thames is certainly the most famous water body in London. London is also the seat of the government of Great Britain. It is one of the largest cities in the world with its population of about seven million. Before the great fire in 1666 there were many wooden houses and
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge
Old Thomas - quardian of Tallinn, put on top of the spire of Tallinn Town Hall in 1530; boy that excelled springtime contests thrown by Baltic German elite, because of his low-born status was unable to receive a prize, therefore was granted the position of town guard. Right now there’s third Old Thomas, first one can be seen at Tallinn City Museum. Toompea as a symbol of power Toompea palace - wooden fortification was originally built in the 9th century, Danes made the castle the centre of secular power; Toompea palace hosts the parliament of the Republic of Estonia, designed by Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson. The parliament has 101 members and is chosen for 4 years. Stenbock House - the official seat of the Estonian Government since 2000; the building started in 1787, originally meant to be a courthouse. After russians ran out of fund, house went into Jakob Pontus Stenbock’s possession
the historic settlement of the Tower of London Greenwich The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world and the secondmost extensive Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace is the official residence and office of the British monarch Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality Originally known as Buckingham House, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1705 Tower Bridge Tower Bridge (built 18861894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London over the River Thames It is close to the Tower of London, from which it takes its name It has become an iconic symbol of London London Eye The London Eye is a giant Ferris wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames
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