The Irish Problem "The curse of Cromwell on you" Oliver Cromwell... Detested Roman Catholicism Believed that the Irish could never be trusted Used Irish land as a way to pay 1652 "Cromwellian Settlement" in Munster and and Leinster Was a cruel man: claimed to be acting on God's behalf and expelled about 1000 Catholic priests from Ireland The main reason for this was Cromwell's belief in fundamental Protestantism and hatred of Catholicism A church place for religious people to meet each other Oliver Cromwell Attempts to 'solve' the Irish problem New Model Army Coerce the Irish into obedience export children from Ireland to the sugar plantations in the West Indies, so that Ireland would suffer from a long term population loss Extreme poverty Dissolving of the problem In 1660, Cromwell died and was buried in state in Westminster Abbey Parliament reinstated the monarchy with Charles 2nd
· It was 1147 when Henry had accompanied his mother on an invasion of England. · On 22 May 1149 he was knighted by King David I of Scotland. · Within the year he secured his right to the throne. · On 19 December 1154 he was crowned in Westminster Abbey. Lordship over Ireland · Shortly after his coronation, Henry sent a group of clerics to invade Ireland. · In 1171, Henry arrived from France, declaring himself Lord of Ireland. · In 1172, Roman Catholicism was proclaimed as the only permitted religious practice in Ireland. Consolidation in Scotland · An invasion force from Scotland led by their King was advancing from the North. · Flemish armada was sailing for England, just days from landing. · The hostile armada dispersed in the English Channel. · By the end of this crisis the King was "left stronger than ever before".
France République française facts Capital-Paris Language- french Area- 674,843 square km Population-65,447,375 President-Nicolas Sarkosy Location- Western Europe, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea (Vahemeri), Bay of Biscay and English Channel National symbol- Gallic Rooster(bird),Stylised Lily(flower) Motto-Liberté, égalité, fraternité(Liberty, Equality, Fratenity) Main Religions- Roman Catholicism Government Democratic parliamentary republic Other largest sities- Lyon, Marseille, and Lille National sport- soccer (jalgpall) France is special because... There is a lots of........ v Restaurants, brasseries or bistros v Variety food- (sheese- around 400 varieties, wines, chocolate mousse, crêpes, snails, croissants, creme brule)
Religious education in Hungary Religious country since year 1000. DenominationsPopulation % of total Catholicism 5,558,90154.5 Roman Catholics 5,289,52151.9 Greek Catholics 268,9352.6 Protestantism 1,985,57619.5 Calvinists 1,622,79615.9 Lutherans 304,7053.0 Baptists 17,7050.2 Unitarians 6,5410.1 Other Protestants 33,8290.3 Orthodox Christianity 15,2980.1 Other Christians 24,3400.2 Judaism 12,8710.1 Other religions 13,5670.1A ll religions 7,610,55374.6 No religion 1,483,36914.5 Undeclared 1,034,76710.1 Unknown 69,5660.7 Total 10,198,315100.00 History and nowadays v
Spanish: 1565-1609, Latin America (FL, NM) 5. Compare the early English, French and Spanish settlements in North America (location, aims, views of the Indians, government, tolerance). English: religious persecution, space to settle; refused to live near Indians, were ready to kill if they didn’t leave; own rules and laws, independent assemblies; in some no other religions, most open to different people, diverse. French: catholicism, trade, wealth to homeland; friendly, admired them, learned from them, catholicizing; ruled from mother country, temporary laws made in europe; no outsiders, french catholics. Spanish: catholicism, treasure; interested in gold, didn’t care about Indians, cruel, catholicizing; ruled from mother country, temporary laws made in europe; no outsiders, spanish catholics. 6. From the English point of view, what was the purpose of establishing colonies?
Oregon. Kennedy defeated Humphrey in Wisconsin and West Virginia and Morse in Maryland and Oregon, although Morse's candidacy is often forgotten by historians. He also defeated token opposition (often write-in candidates) in New Hampshire, Indiana, and Nebraska. In West Virginia, Kennedy visited a coal mine and talked to mine workers to win their support; most people in that conservative, mostly Protestant state were deeply suspicious of Kennedy's Roman Catholicism. His victory in West Virginia cemented his credentials as a candidate with broad popular appeal. At the Democratic Convention, he gave the well-known "New Frontier" speech, which represented the changes America and the rest of the world would be going through.With Humphrey and Morse out of the race, Kennedy's main opponent at the convention in Los Angeles was Senator Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Adlai Stevenson, the Democratic nominee in
people (80% Hispanic, the rest Galician and Basques) ► Also Portuguese and Gypsies (mainly in Andalusia) Economy ► Industrialand agricultural ► Large Viticulture and wine production in the earth, a world leader in the production of olive oil ► The biggest export article s are oranges, mandarins and other citrus fruits ► Goods are mainly exported from France, China, Germany and Italy Peculiarities ► The main religion is Roman Catholicism ► Roman Catholic - 76% (2% other faith, and 19% atheists) ► Bullfighting - a traditional spectacle, where bulls are baited and then killed in a bullfight arena for public amusement Carried out by Matador (bullfighter) ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cio8UIHqUfo ► Flamenco - Spanish genre of music, song and dance, characterized by hand clapping.Often the dancers have castanets and tambourine ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqxJMCQxb_Q
The document is now lost, however, and scholars differ as to its authenticity.[178] In 1591 the authorities reported that John Shakespeare had missed church "for fear of process for debt", a common Catholic excuse.[179] In 1606 the name of William's daughter Susanna appears on a list of those who failed to attend Easter communion in Stratford.[179] Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove either way.[180] Sexuality Main article: Sexuality of William Shakespeare Few details of Shakespeare's sexuality are known. At 18, he married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. However, over the centuries readers have pointed to Shakespeare's sonnets as evidence of his love for a young man. Others read the same passages as the
boy band One Direction · She was an Irish-born actress who was billed alongside Hollywood's leading men Famous Irish people Maureen O'Hara Niall Horan Culture of Ireland · The national holiday in · The Leprechaun has the Republic of Ireland been estimated to figure is Saint Patrick's Day to a large degree in Irish · Christianity in the form folklore of both Roman · Other pre-Christian Catholicism and festivals, whose names Protestantism is the survive as Irish month most widely practised names, are Bealtaine religion in Ireland (May), Lúnasa (August) and Samhain (November) Interesting facts of Ireland · Ireland has won seven times the Eurovision Song Contest, more than any other country · The Irish consume in average 131.1 liters of beer per year
Aragon, who had borne only one child, Mary. When the Pope refused to end the marriage, Henry, with an eye also to seizing the vast and wealthy holdings of the Church, overthrew papal jurisdiction, married Anne Boleyn, and was declared, with Parliament's help, head of the English Church. Thus England became a Protestant nation. 8. Why was the time of Queen Mary's reign a troubled time? Mary was a devout Catholic. Her attempts to restore Catholicism to the country resulted in internal turmoil and much bloodshed. 9. In what way was Elizabeth I able to keep peace and order in the country? Under Elizabeth, order was restored and England entered upon her most glorious age. Elizabeth ruled wisely and well for 45 years. Through her policy of middle-of-the-road Protestantism, she held in check throughout her reign the proponents of Catholicism on one hand and the growing numbers of Puritan extremists on the other. A master
This was by far the poorest land in Ireland and, as well as this, they were not allowed to live within 3 miles of the coast. This strip, called the 'Mile Line' was given to Cromwell's soldiers. In 1652 the newly cleared land in Munster and Leinster was given to Protestants in what was called the 'Cromwellian Settlement'. There was now no part of Ireland where Catholics owned more than ½ of the land. The main reason for this was Cromwell's belief in fundamental Protestantism and hatred of Catholicism. He claimed to be acting on God's behalf and expelled about 1000 Catholic priests from Ireland. ~New Modal Army~ The New Model Army of England was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War, and was disbanded in 1660 after the Restoration. It differed from other armies in the series of civil wars referred to as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in that it was intended as an army liable for service anywhere in the country (including in Scotland and Ireland),
her cousin Lady Jane Grey who supported Protestantism. Public sympathy remained with Mary, and she soon overcame resistance to her accession. . Mary first began to earn her unofficial title of "Bloody Mary" when she had her cousin executed to prevent any possible power struggle Mary tried to turn England back to Roman Catholicism. This effort was carried out by force, and hundreds of Protestant leaders were executed. The first was John Rogers the printer of the "Matthews-Tyndale Bible" .It was followed by the execution of former archbishop Thomas Cranmer, who was primarily responsible for the printing of the "Great Bible". As a result, around 300 Protestant heretics were burnt in three years.
Some of these conflicts were between Protestants and Catholics; others were between different branches of Protestantism. Swift does not clearly distinguish between these different kinds of religious strife. Swift has his Lilliputian informant blame the "civil commotions" on the propaganda of the Emperor of Blefuscu, i.e. the King of France; this primarily reflects the encouragement given by King Louis XIV of France to James II in pursuit of his policies to advance the toleration of Catholicism in Great Britain. He adds that "when (the commotions) were quelled, the (BigEndian) exiles always fled for refuge to that empire (Blefuscu/France)". This partially reflects the exile of King Charles II on the Continent (in France, Germany, the Spanish Netherlands, and the Dutch Republic) from 1651 to 1660, but more particularly the exile of the Catholic King James II from 16881701. James II was dead by the time
Zoroastrianism "World's Major Religions" list published in the New York Public Library Student's Desk Reference is typical of world religion lists which are functionally-oriented, yet still strongly classical (New York: Prentice Hall, 1993; pg. 271): Baha'i Buddhism Confucianism Hinduism Islam Judaism Orthodox Eastern Church Protestantism Catholicism Shinto Taoism 2 Top 10 Largest National Christian Populations Rank Nation Number Percent 1 USA 224,457,000 85% 2 Brazil 139,000,000 93% 3 Mexico 86,120,000 99% 4 Russia 80,000,000 60% 5 China 70,000,000 5.7% 6 Germany 67,000,000 83% 7 Philippines 63,470,000 93%
Buildings of painted brick, gleaming white. The cracked whitewash and swallows nesting in the busted ends of eaves. Boards sawed the size of broken windowpanes and the fruit trees, stripped. Goldenrob rubbed up the walls. It was a poor convent. Humble, ragtag, out in the middle of no place. End of the world to some. Where the maps stopped. - Satan took over with certain things, including alcohol and "Indians." 7. Sum up the influence of Catholicism on the Chippewas (based on what you have read so far). Catholicism hasn't replaced Native American customs and religion so much as claimed its own jurisdiction within those customs, perhaps the Catholic God isn't entirely responsible for everything around them at the reservation. 8. Present Sister Leopolda. How is she different from other nuns? What is her attitude to Indians? Perhaps she is sent to test her Sisters' faith, here and there, like the spot-checker in a factory
independent of the Pope in religious matters, England's overseas expansion began. It was a prosperous period. Georgian time was from the beginning of 18th century to 19th century. It was a time of immense social change. Many reforms were done. Victorian age was from 1837-1901. It was a time of prosperity. Industry grew and British Empire evolved. 6. What was the idea of Anglicanism? Calvinism? Anglicalism is not so very different from Catholicism in its organisation and ritual. But in the lowlands of Scotland it took a more idealistic form. Calvinism with its strict insistence on simplicity and its dislike of ritual and celebration became the dominant religion in England. 7. Who was the king who took the Union Flag into use? Why is it called the Union Flag? King James I took the Union Flag into use. The flag was a symbol of the united countries England and Scotland and the flag combined the English flag of St.
Normandy. Originally he was the Duke of Normandy. The Normands were Vikings who had settled in the north of France. William became William the Conqueror, William I. The Normands brought with them a centralised political system which was much more stable than the A-S tribes. Gradually the old A-S elements fused with the new Normand elements. Under the Normands the feudal system flourished. The new aristocracy was mostly Normand, many of them of French origin. Catholicism was the highest law (?). The church unified Europe. Abbeys and monasteries became centres of learning. 1168 the founding of Oxford University, 1209 Cambridge University. Alongside the church there was a very complex feudal system based on the idea of land ownership. Landed gentry noble people who owned land, right below aristocracy, quite above peasants etc. Towns grew, London became the true capital. A new class of people developed guildsmen.
Instead he married his first cousin in 1827 and became a country parson. Young Charles' father was an active and highly conservative clergyman of the Anglican church who later became Archdeacon of Richmondand involved himself, sometimes influentially, in the intense religious disputes that were dividing the Anglican church. He was High Church, inclining to Anglo Catholicism, an admirer of Newman and the Tractarian movement, and did his best to instill such views in his children. Young Charles was to develop an ambiguous relationship with his father's values and with the Anglican church as a whole. Dodgson was born in the little parsonage of Daresbury in Cheshire county (near the towns of Warrington and Runcorn), the eldest boy but already the third child of the fourandahalfyearold marriage
☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral. They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy towards Catholicism of the Stuart monarchs. ☄ This led to The Civil War ☄ Victory for the parliamentary force ☄ The king (Charles I) was captured and became the first monarch in Europe to be executed after a formal trial for crimes against his people. 1649 Charles I is executed. For the first and only time, Britain briefly becomes a republic and is called the Common wealth. 1660 The monarchy and the Anglican religion are restored. ☾ The church was restored
July 6, 1553, she became the legal heir to the throne. Although Lord High Chamberlain John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, favoured the succession of his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, and proclaimed her queen on July 10, the country supported Mary. As a Roman Catholic, Mary began her reign by sweeping away the religious innovations of her father and her brother. Henry VIII had separated England from the Church in Rome; Edward VI had replaced Roman Catholicism with a Protestant settlement. Mary restored the Mass and re-established the authority of the papacy, but, although she handed back Crown property to the Church, Parliament refused to restore Church lands seized by Henry VIII. Even with the help of Mary's cousin, Cardinal Reginald Pole, a return to the state of affairs that existed before the Dissolution of the Monasteries was impossible: there were too many legal and financial intricacies.
success, and who was in love. He was also a man who was defeated, who felt danger and the humiliation of exile, and who was no stranger to the cruelty and treachery possible in people. Dante felt he was a victim of a grave injustice. He also suffered serious self-doubts, natural for a man in exile. His works reflect his experiences and attempts to answer some of life's difficult questions. In 1968, Allen Tate, a conservative thinker and a convert to Catholicism, wrote "The Unilateral Imagination; or, I too Dislike it", in his Essays of Four Decades. This critique was established from a lecture given by Tate in 1955 based on his works. An example of Dante's ability to tell so much in one single word was expressed by Tate when he cited the word "ombre" which translates "shades," to remind us of the continuity of the Christian Hell and Virgil's pagan Hades. "Shades" are referred to as three-dimensional
successor, but fucked up. In 1660 Charles II was invited to return to the throne. He was a good and judicious diplomat. Was Catholic yet allowed both Puritans and Catholics to follow their beliefsystems. The first political parties were founded during that time: The Whigs and The Tories. The Whigs were MPs, supported religious reedom, against absolute monarchy. 1685 Charles died sans heirs. He was followed by James II, a devout and open Catholic, who tried to restore Catholicism but was opposed by the Parliament. In 1688 the Glorious Revolution happened and from that time on themonarch had to rule through the Parliament. Since 1701 only Potestants were allowed to inherit the crown. In 1701 the Act of the Union with Scotland, which declared that Scotland becomes a part of the UK. 1611 the authorised version of the Bible was piblished, which was used officially by the Anglican Church
5. Languages spoken in The West Indies: English, French, Spanish, also Creole and Pidgin (by black slaves). The origin of the people is mostly African, who were brought there for slavery. 6. Most West Indian countries gained independence during the 1960s-1980s. 7. The main branches of economy are tourism and companies kept offshore (tax haven). 8. Reggae, limbo dancing and salsa have originated from the West Indies. 9. Religions: Catholicism, various forms of Protestantism, Hindus and Muslims, Rastafarians; many worship the Christian god and African gods at the same time (witchcraft, voodoo). The reason why there are so many religions is because Europeans brought their own when they colonized and slaves from Africa practiced their own religions, which often combined. Rastafarians are people who practice Rastafari, which is Christianity, combined with Carribbean style. It is pro-African
16. The Civil War. 1642-1651.During the century, Parliament had established its supremacy over the monarchy. Anger grew in the country at the way the Stuart monarchs raised money without getting the agreement of the House of Commons first. In addition, Puritanism had grown in England. Puritans regarded the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers immoral. They were also anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy towards Catholicism of the Stuart monarchs. The conflict between the Parliament and the kings over power increased and led the country into the Civil War during the reign of Charles I. The king believed that the monarch had been appointed by God to rule and to have absolute power, but the elected English Parliament disagreed. The two sides in the war were those of Charles I and the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell. The Civil War resulted in the following:
the others wanted him to the throne. However, as he was filling civil and military posts with Catholic while the Protestants were being murdered, Parliament was so angered that it invited the Protestant William of Orange and Mary (James II's daughter) to take the Crown. This Glorious Revolution (1688) was accompanied by a Bill of Rights, which made it obligatory for the sovereign to rule with Parliament's assistance and outlawed Catholicism for all Englishman, including the King. In 1707 the Act of Union united English and Scottish Parliaments. The last monarch of the Stuarts was Queen Anne. The House of Hanover At the beginning of the 18th century the English parliament asked George of Hanover, a Protestant descendant of James I, to become king. George I was a controversial king who spent most of his time in Hanover, leaving the country in the care of the Cabinet. This was
Subsequently, the British West Indies became independent, starting with Jamaica, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. 7. What are the main branches of economy in the West Indies? Sugar industry 8. Which styles of music and dance originate in the West Indies? Syncopation and percussion are direct manifestations of African heritage. Limbo was born in Trinidad in mid-C19. 9. Which religions are spread in the West Indies? Voodoo, Rastafarianism, Santerua, Christianity, Catholicism, Protestantism, small minority are Hindus, Muslims, or Jews, many worship the Christian God and African gods at the same time. Why are there so many different religions? many people came with their beliefs Who are Rastafarians? The Rastafari use marijuana for spiritual and ritual purposes. Dreadlocks were inspired by biblical admonitions against cutting hair and the Rastafari are likewise forbidden to cut their hair. Canada 1. Which place does it occupy in the world by its area?
downtown was forced to build defensive towers on the streets connecting Toompea and downtown the Long and Short Legs and close the gates at night, so as to protect the burgers from attacks of the nobility residing on Toompea. The iconoclastic movement accompanying the Lutheran reformation, unlike the St.Olaf's and the Holy Ghost churches, never got past the doors of St.Nicholas. The raging mob, which had come to destroy the holy images and vessels symbolising Catholicism, had to accept defeat: the doors' locks had been poured full of molten lead and no one got in. The reconstruction, which began at the end of the 17 th century with the repair of the tower, gave St.Nicholas Church its present appearance. World War 2 has a devastating effect the spire and the roof burned down together with most of the interior and even some grave markers in the floor were destroyed. The most valuable part of the church's art
Arbitrariness, repression, etc. Govt saw some things as threat. Gitelman never a regime that tried to combat anti-Semitism more than early Bolsheviks. Antisemitism at odds w Communist ideals. Tried to distance self from tsarist regime. Lenin 1919, not Js who are enemy of working people, but capitalists. Among Js and Rs, kulaks and others. Stalin, '31. J schools and synagogues shut down. Trying to eliminate organized religion. Cohesion to distinctive entity. Catholicism most bitter enemy of SU, Bolshaya Sovietskaya Entsiklopedia. Stalin more anti-Semitic in 30s. Zinoviev, Kamenev, Trotsky all Js. Purges, affected all people, as did deportations at start of WWII. Gauge compare to other nationalities. Naomi Riga, 45, J edu system, better living conditions? Star of David hanging, ulpans, prayers, bball, etc. 17 June Levis broke the SU. If standard of living would have been better, would there have been a J movement? Gma, waiting in lines
in political and religious turbulence until the II half of 18th C. It always portrayed precisely that scenario: forces in conflict, opposites and extremes confronting, and at the same time, seen to be manifestations of an ordered whole. Role: to give the thruths of the sphere of heaven (fixed, immovable and permanent). Art of Baroque: flux and paradox, illusion and seeming, searching for eternal thruths. Vehicle for new and very emotional piety of Counter-Reformation Catholicism, ideal to express absolute monarchy. It was expensive style, although its role was to give an aura of divinity and autocracy on Charles II, couldn’t hide that he was kept in power by the will of Parliament. 13. Restoration poetry (Rochester, Sackville, Sedley, Dryden) After 1660. 2 main themes: sex (whoring), drinking.Charles II’s court wa despite of its cloak of Anglican conformity, far more inclined to accept and enjoy sexual, religious and verbal licence. Cultured but lusty court
was a grand-niece of Henry VIII. Edward VI of England gave the crown to Jane. When Edward VI died, Jane was proclaimed Queen. However, Mary Tudor managed to find sufficient support for her claim to the throne, Parliament declared Mary the rightful Queen and revoked Jane's proclamation. Mary imprisoned Jane and her husband at the Tower of London. They were both charged with high treason and sentenced to death. Lady Jane Grey's rule is the shortest rule of England in its history. *The restored Catholicism of Mary I/Bloody Mary She was the daughter of King Henry VIII. She reigned as Queen of England. Mary had always resented the break with Rome that her father had instituted and she tried to turn England back to Roman Catholicism. This effort was carried out by force, and hundreds of Protestant leaders were executed. This earned the queen the title of "Bloody Mary". Her catholicisming was not very popular, however. She was
days, Mary took the throne with overwhelming support Lady Jane Grey Queen of England for only 9 days in an unsuccessful bid to prevent the accession of the catholic Mary Tudor. Duke of Northumberland was desperate to prevent the throne passing to Mary Tudor. However Mary had widespread popular support and she was proclaimed the Queen. Mary imprisoned Jane, her husband and her father in the Tower. Jane was sentenced to death. The Restored Catholicism of Mary I/Bloody Mary Known as Bloody Mary for her persecution of Protestants in an attempt to restore Catolicism. Wanted to reunite England with Rome. Executed many protestants. With Cardianl Pole, tried to carry out Catholic reforms. She married King Philip II of Spain. In 1554 she crushed a rebellion led by Sir Thomas Wyatt. Unsuccessful war against France, deepened disillusionment in Mary. She died sick and desterted by Philip in 1558
annaabi.ee 
