Saint John´s Church situates in Tallinn on the freedom square. It is one of the earliest neogothic churches in Estonia. The architect of the church was Cristoph August Gabler. Building of the church started in 1869 and ended in 1867. The third advent was celebrated the same year the church was built in. Saint John´s church is about 140 years old. On the 1st of January it had its last praying and then the key of the church was handed over to the renovators. Residents of the Saint John´s church moved into the church of Niguliste. When the church was handed over, the people had a very grand goodbye(farewell) to the church even though it was only left temporarily. The first organ was built in 1869 by Gustav Normann. 1905 church started collecting money to get a better organ. In 1913 a real masterpiece of modern organ making was made. On the 16th April Saint John´s church got a new organ that was shipped from Germany. It was 6 metres high an...
SAINT JOHN´S CHURCH Tallinn Saint John´s Church The church was built in 1867 Neogothic church organ Renovation of the church Danger of collapsing donations Swedbank-221001159467 SEB bank-1000 200 416 3009
The early middle ages The Norman Conquest Since William was crowned king, there were many rebellions against the Normans. A small Norman army marched from village to village and destroyed the ones it couldn't control. The Normans took away the Saxon lords' land. Only a few Saxons who supported William could keep their land. Feudalism William gave parts of his conquered land to his captains around the country to avoid rebellions and uprisings. He also kept some land to himself to make sure his was much stronger than his nobles. Of all the farmland half went to his nobles, quarter to church and fifth he kept to himself. William organised the English kingdom according to feudal system. The main purpose of using that system was economic. King gave the land to "vassals" in return of army services and goods. When a noble dies, his son took over the estate. When there was no family, the land went back to king who could give it to another n...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
STUDY QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 3 · Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066- Battle, that took place on Stamford Bridge between Norwegians who were led by Harald and England (king Harold Godwinson). During the battle many Norwegian leaders were killed. Norwegians lost the battle, and it is very often taken to mark the end of the Viking Age. · Battle of Hastings 1066- Occurred on 14th October 1066 during the Norman conquest of England, between the Norman-French army of William the Conqueror and the English army under king Harold II. During the battle Harold was killed and the Normans won. It was the end of Anglo-Saxon era. · Bayeux Tapestry- Embroidered cloth nearly 70m long, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later king of England and culminating in the battle of Hastings. · Debate poem- ...
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training. They were trusted to use common se...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
Witchcraft Witchcraft is the alleged use of supernatural or magical powers. A witch (from Old English wicca m. / wicce f.) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Historically, it was widely believed that witchcraft involved the use of these powers to inflict harm upon members of a community or their property, and that all witches were in league with the devil. Since the mid 20th century, the term witchcraft has sometimes been used to distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, with the latter often involving healing. Human misfortune was often blamed on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. Reasons for accusations of witchcraft fall into four general categories: · A person was caught in the act of positive or negative sorcery · A well-meaning sorcerer or healer lost their clients' or the authorities' trust · A person did nothing...
S C O T L A N D GENERAL OVERVIEW Territory: 31, 510 sq miles Highest peak: Ben Nevis 1343m Population: 5, 055, 000 National emblem: the thistle Capital: Edinburgh National flower: the bluebell Islands: About 790 National instrument: bagpipes Lakes: the best- known is Loch Ness, famous for National dish: haggis Nessie, its mythical monster Scotland is also famous for: whisky, kilts and sheep · One of the four constituent nations which form the UK · They have their own money, system of law, history, stamps, deep- rooted customs, traditions and ancient language- Gaelic · Most people speak the Scottish dialect becoming endangered language · Weather unpredictable · Breat...
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Can...
Great Britain Pärnu 2012 Contents Great Britain Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous isla...
Gümnaasium Prague referaat Autor: Klass: Juhendaja: 2010 CONTENTS 1. Contents 2. Introduction 3. Compendium about Prague 4. Important about Czech Republic and Prague 5.-7. History 8. Independence 9. Main sights 10. the Czech Republic 11. List of famous people from Prague 12. Geography 13. Weather and climate 14. Population 15. Culture 2 INTRODUCTION The Czech Republic lies at the heart of Central Europe and at its center is the beautiful and historic city of Prague. With a population of some 1.3 million residents, the city lies on either side of the Vltava River in the middle of Bohemia that is one of the three historic Czech territories; the others being Moravia and Silesia. The city has sev...
Holidays, Festivals, Cultural events TALLINN - If you're looking for entertainment in Estonia this summer, you are really spoiled for choice. Festivals and events dedicated to the consumption of beer are a lot of fun, but if you want to get the true feel of the country, you need something a little more ethnic. Like a town fair. Just as July becomes August, the seaside town of Haapsalu will host a grand spectacle of rural Estonian entertainment. The White Lady Days is a summer celebration filled with amusement for all the family. Held in and around the remains of the Teutonic-knights-era castles, the fair combines enchanting medieval legends with modern countryside charm to create a comprehensive experience of Estonia beyond the big cities. But the legend of the White Lady of Haapsalu, which is at the heart of the festival, is perhaps the most famous tall tale of the many that are so abundant in Estonia's folklore. It is the story of...
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony,...
TEINE LOENG Hilisantiigi kirjandus: paganlik Antiikaja pärand eri (kr.) kultuuriperioodidel: hilisantiik, Libanios (314u 393), samal ajal Bütsants, keskaeg, keskaegsed kristlaste ,,renessansid" ringkonnas ja kristlaste nt Ioannes Chrysostomose õpetaja Iustinianuse Ida-Rooma 527565 Nonnos (4. 5. saj.) Valitsusaja algus (punane) ja lõpp Prokopios (6. saj.) (+oranz) Hilisantiigi erialakirjandus (lad.) Hilisantiik Servius (4. saj.): Vergiliuse Ida ja LääneRooma lõhenemine: kommentaar erinevad keeled, erinev Aelius Donatus (4. saj.): ,,Ars antiigiretseptsioon grammatica" -> donaadid Kristluse ja antiigi vahekord; Priscianus (5. s...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals: · No universal value and perspective on things · Multiple truths, multiple perspectives · Nothing has inherent (kaasasündinud, sisemist) importance · Life lacks purpose Science: Albert Einstein-general theory of relativity had a huge impact on culture as well. Everything is relative. Philosophy:...
1. Basic Phrases ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches! bway-nohs dee-ahs bway-nahs tard-ays bway-nahs noh-chays Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! / Good night! ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! Adiós. Por favor. oh-lah / chow ah-dee-ohs por fah-bor Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. Hasta pronto. Hasta mañana. ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah ah-stah prohn-toh ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah loo-ay-go See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you / See you later. (Muchas) Gracias. De nada. Bienvenidos (moo-chah...
(VARA)UUSAJA EKSAMI PROGRAMM Sissejuhatus. Varauusaja mõiste, selle kronoloogilised raamid. Tinglikuks piiriks varauusaja ja uusaja vahel peetakse enamasti Prantsuse revolutsiooni algust 1789. Teistest dateeringutest on sagedasem varauusaja lõpetamine Napoleoni sõdadega 19. sajandi alguses. Viimastel aastakümnetel on saanud üldiseks tavaks vaadelda varauusajana tinglikult kolme sajandit hõlmavat ajavahemikku 1500–1800. Christoph Cellariuse periodiseering. eristas vana-, kesk- ja uusaja. Sattelzeit. “Sadulaaeg”; periood 18. sajandi lõpust 19. sajandi alguseni, mille jooksul justkui ratsutati vanast korrast uude korda. Suur roll Prantsuse revolutsioonil. Enamjaolt loetakse selleks aastaid 1789-1830. Põhja- ja Lõuna-Euroopa ning Lääne- ja Ida-Euroopa eristamine varauusajal. Euroopa sisemises jaotuses ei eristatud varauusaja alguses mitte niivõrd läänt ja ida kui just põhja ja lõunat. Kunagine Rooma impeeriumi põhjapiir, mis k...
LOENGUD MAASTIKUARHITEKTUURI AJALOOST 2010 Õppematerjal maastikuarhitektuuri ning maastikukaitse ja hoolduse üliõpilastele Koostanud Kadi Karro AEGADE ALGUS NING VARAJANE MAASTIKUKUJUNDUS. Esimesed maastikud, nende areng. Varajased tsivilisatsioonid: Egiptuse ning Mesopotaamia (Babüloonia, Assüüria ja Pärsia) kultuurid ja maastikukujundus. VANA-KREEKAST KESKAJANI: Antiik-Kreeka linnaplaneerimine ja aiad. Antiik-Rooma linnaplaneerimine ja aiad. Vitruvius "De Architectura". Islami aiad. Euroopa läbi keskaja: kloostriaiad, religioosne sümboolika; botaanikaaiad, linnakodanike aiad. RENESSANSS: Vararenessanss Itaalias 14. saj. Renessanss Itaalias 15.- 16. saj. Manerism ja barokk Itaalias 16.-18. saj. Linnaruum Itaalias: piazzad keskajast barokini. BAROKK: Barokk Prantsusmaal 17. saj. Prantsusmaa naabermaad 16.-18. saj: regulaarstiil Inglismaal, Hispaanias, Austrias, Saksamaal, Madalmaades, Venemaal, Rootsis, Taanis. EESTI VANEMAD MÕIS...
THE W R I T E R ' S JOURNEY M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The Writers Jour...
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE ...
Philosophy of Language Philosophy of Language: a Contemporary Introduction introduces the student to the main issues and theories in twentieth and twenty-first-century phi- losophy of language, focusing specifically on linguistic phenomena. Topics are structured in four parts in the book. Part I, Reference and Referring, includes topics such as Russell's Theory of Descriptions, Donnellan's distinction, problems of anaphora, the description theory of proper names, Searle's cluster theory, and the causalhistorical theory. Part II, Theories of Meaning, surveys the competing theories of linguistic mean- ing and compares their various advantages and liabilities. Part III, Pragmatics and Speech Acts, introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, includes a detailed discussion of the problem of indirect force and surveys approaches to metaphor. Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features...
Hamlet Shakespeare, William Published: 1599 Categorie(s): Fiction, Drama Source: Feedbooks 1 About Shakespeare: William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviv- ing works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been trans- lated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful c...
ECKHART TOLLE A NEW EARTH Awakening to Your Life's Purpose CONTENTS Chapter One The Flowering of Human Consciousness – 6 Evocation..................................................................................................6 The Purpose of This Book........................................................................8 Our Inherited Dysfunction........................................................................10 The Arising New consciousness..............................................................12 Spirituality and Religion..........................................................................14 The Urgency of Transformation...............................................................16 A New Heaven and a new Earth...............................................................18 ...
VARAUUSAEG MATI LAUR 1. VARAUUSAJA ÜHISKOND Uusaja mõiste tõi käibesse Halle ülikooli ajaloo- ja retoorikaprofessor Christoph Cellarius (1638 1707), kes eristas ajaloos vana-, kesk- ja uusaja. Cellarius pidas kesk- ja uusaja piiriks Konstantinoopoli langemist 1453. Hiljem on uusaja alguseks loetud ka Ameerika avastamist 1492, Itaalia sõdade algust 1494, reformatsiooni vallandumist 1517 jm. Nõukogude ajalookirjutus nihutas kesk- ja uusaja piiri tänapäevale veelgi lähemale, alustades uusaega Inglise revolutsiooni algusega 1640. Varauusaega (ingl early modern history; sks frühe Neuzeit, Frühneuzeit; pr histoire moderne) hakati uusajast omaette perioodina eraldama pärast Teist maailmasõda. Tinglikuks piiriks varauusaja ja uusaja vahel loetakse enamasti Prantsuse revolutsiooni algust 1789, teistest dateeringutest on sagedasem varauusaja lõpetamine Napoleoni sõdadega 19. saj. alguses. Viimastel aastakümnetel on saanud üldiseks tavaks ...
Avinurme Gümnaasium 10.klass Geograafia PORTUGAL Koostaja:Katrin Kõre Juhendaja: Ene Lüüs 2009/2010 1 SISUKORD Sissejuhatus.........................................................................................................................3 Üldandmed........................................................................................................................4-5 Riigivorm.........................................................................................................................6-11 Majandus.........................................................................................................................12-14 Tootmisviis........................................................................................................................15 Asend..............................
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