Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Türi". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
türi, first, radio, rights, centre, museum, tall, tauno, toomsalu, 1347, records, 1687, establishment, traffic, market, secondary, gymnasium, given, 1959, county, university, environmental, science, studies, spring, prime, became, formed, parish, church, metres, blown, construction9A TALLINN Report Supervisor: Inge Välja Tallinn 2006 Order of contents: 1.Introduction 2.Toompea 3.Lower Town 4.Kadriorg and Pirita 5.Museums 1. Introduction Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, lies on the Baltic Sea. It is on almost the same latitude east St. Petersburg in Russia, Stockholm in Sweden and Stavanger in Norway, and covers 158 sq km. Tallinn was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish
It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In contrast to the ancient town-walls and towers, Tallinn of today offers modern hotels, restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on the spot of the Toompea Hill, but the real Tallinn was built by the Danes who conquered the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag.
Tallinn is one of the oldest cities in the Baltic Sea region. Tallinn was first mentioned in written sources of the 1154th, when the Arabian geographer Al Idris took a world map the city 'Kaleveny "/ Kolõvan. Through the years, the city of Tallinn had several names: Lindanisa, Kolõvan, Reval and eventually Tallinn. Tallinn was granted the Lübeck law in 1248 and became the member of the Hanseatic League in 1285. General Data l Country - Estonia l County - Harju County l First appeared on map - 1154 l Town rights - 1248 l Mayor - Edgar Savisaar l Aera - Total 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) l Population - (1 Mar 2012) Total - 416,470 Denisty - 2,614.0/km2(6,766.6/sq mi) Tallinn Coat of arms Flag Top 5 Attractions 1. Kiek in de Kök Visitors to the museum will see examples of Medieval firepower, displays detailing how the city's system of walls and towers developed through the centuries and an exhibit on crime and punishment in Old Tallinn. 2
`'Estonia''. Since 1998, it is called The Estonian National Opera and operates as a body governed by public law according to the National Opera Law passed in 1997 in the Republic of Estonia. Since 1918, the drama troupe was led by the actor and director Ants Lauter until 1949 when the troupe was disbanded and "Estonia" continued as just a musical theatre. In 1906 was hired the first music director Otto Hermann, 1907 saw the first operetta, Hervé's "Mam'zelle Nitouche", on stage, a steady production of operas started in the 1918/19 season. In 1911, the first Estonian operetta, Adalbert Wirkhaus' "St. John's Night" was staged. In 1926 , choreographer Rahel Olbrei founded the permanent ballet troupe in the theatre, the ballet became more regular in the 1930s. In 1994--2009 the theater was managed by Paul Himma, since 1 September 2009 the general manager is Aivar Mäe. Tallinn City Theatre
Sculptures and monuments St. John's Lutheran Church St John's Church was probably built in the first third of the 14th century. There is no other brick church decorated with so much terracotta plastic in Europe Eduard Tubin Monument The Eduard Tubin monument, marking the 100th birthday of the composer, was dedicated in 2005. The authors of the statue are sculptor Aili Vahtrapuu, architect Veronika Valk, with sound installations by Louis Dandrel.Eduard Tubin (1905-1982) was a versatile composer and conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert
Although jealously guarding their privileges, the knighthoods still never became entirely closed. Between sessions of a Diet, the legislative power of the knighthoods belonged to the Council of the Diet. The towns were governed by the Town Councils, which supplemented their ranks from among the representatives of merchants and lawyers. The citizens and the inhabitants of a town did not coincide -- most of the population had no civic rights. The lower class mainly consisted of Estonians. While an special status secured the supremacy of the Baltic knighthood and the German upper classes in towns, it considerably aggravated the legal and social situation of Estonians. It can be said that the pre-nationhood Landesstaat, with its strict social structure, effectively prevented Estonians from becoming Germans. Considering their relatively small number, the beneficiaries of the Landesstaat were
The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt. By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia
There used to be Harju gate, which can now be seen through glass. ● The statue of Liberty, 2009; represents freedom, Estonia has been under many foreign powers, starting with Danes, Sweden, German and Russia. The clock of liberty, 2004. Kiek in de Kök ● The cannon tower, founded in 1475-1483. Kiika kööki, peek into the kitchen, from up there it was possible to peek into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum. ● Town Wall (Unesco) - one of the greatest towers of Tallinn’s Town Wall, Old Town declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 Toompea ● Toompea is a limestone hill in the central of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 metres above the surrounding areas. According to the legend, its the tumulus moundn over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone by his grieving wife Linda
Kildu Basic School Viljandi by Eisi Kõiv Supervisor: Margit Kirss Kildu 2008 Our 700 years old Viljandi Viljandi is a town (24,000 inhabitants) in Estonia, 160 km south of the capital Tallinn. The town is the administrative capital of the county with the same name as the town. In Viljandi there is theater Ugala, cinema Rubiin, museum, art gallery. Give a concert in Culture centre, Jaani- and Pauluse church, but in Cultureacatemy, too. Folk Summer in Viljandi culminates with the annual folk music festival. The Viljandi Folk Music Festival is a music festival in Estonia with a central focus on European folk music.In the year 2006, over 24,000 people attended the concerts, but many more just came to take part in the festivities. As such, it is the largest annual music festival in
Tallinn is a very beautiful city that lies on the Baltic Sea. It covers 158 square kilometres. The Mayor of Tallinn is Jüri Ratas. The population of our capital is about 400000 people. About 55% of them are Estonian, 37% Russians and the other 8% are from different nations. The people here are mostly engaged in industry- mainly the food industry (23%), trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress
Tartu University was established in 1632, on orders from Sweden's King Gustav II Adolf. Literacy spread. The Bible was translated into Estonian in 1739(pole vaja teada). A period of wars began in the 16th century, bringing parts of Estonia under the control of Russia, Denmark, Poland and Sweden. For most of the 17th century, Sweden ruled Estonia. In the 18th century Russian Tsar Peter the Great joined Estonia to his empire. The first true political parties emerged(Where established) at the turn of the century, demanding autonomy for Estonia. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Estonia declared independence from Russia on Feb. 24, 1918. Independent Estonia made large strides between wars. World War II ended Estonia's independence. The country was occupied by the Soviet Army in June 1940.Thousands of Estonians were killed or deported to Siberia. In 1944, Estonia became part of the Soviet Union
2 Towns (Upper & Lower Town) Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally- formed limestone hill. Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day. Two parts remained separated until the end of the 19th century. Four Names
entertainment. The White Lady Days is a summer celebration filled with amusement for all the family. Held in and around the remains of the Teutonic-knights-era castles, the fair combines enchanting medieval legends with modern countryside charm to create a comprehensive experience of Estonia beyond the big cities. But the legend of the White Lady of Haapsalu, which is at the heart of the festival, is perhaps the most famous tall tale of the many that are so abundant in Estonia's folklore. It is the story of a poor girl who falls in love with the son of the village elder, and disguises herself as a choirboy in order to sneak into the castle. But, alas, the lord of the manor's son discovers the deception. He is overcome by jealous rage and orders his men to seal the girl inside the thick stone walls while still alive. Turned into an incarnation
The local cultural heritage offers as much variety as the nature. Many rare work and mythological motives are retained in folk songs. The flax-growing that spread rapidly in the beginning of the 19th century was the basis of the prosperous Mulgi family farms in Southern Viljandimaa. 19. The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century constituted the golden age for many local families. The mulgi inhabitants were actually the first farmers in Estonia who bought the farms for their families after being released from the servitude. The farming was developed rapidly thanks to flax-growing. The wealthiest farmers gained even so much money that for the first time in history Estonian farmers became owners of mansions. The wealthy mulk were the first of Estonian farmers to build manses, until then the farmers all over Estonia lived in farmhouses that included a barn so that people and animals lived under one roof
THE CITY OF LONDON History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt.
Wales. There is little or no direct evidence revealing the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. It was probably associated with sun-worship and other rites of prehistoric people. It appears to function as a kind of astronomical clock. Conceivable reports and implications about a secret government conspiracy, which seeks to hide the irrefutable evidence of extraterrestrial origins. 8. The Roman Conquest. Julius Caesar’s first raid was 55 BC. In 43 the Emperor Claudius launched a full- scale invasion, army of 40,000 men. Permanent Roman rule was established in south and south-west of the country as a consequence. Forts were built in Wales, but the local tribes were difficult to subdue. Hadrian ordered to build the Hadrian’s Wall in 121 or 122, a 117km wall from sea to sea, to protect their territory from the Scots.
wetlands cover 30%. The landscape of Estonia, through covering a small area, is varied and unique. Lake Peipsi is Estonia's largest lake and Europe's fourth largest freshwater lake. 5. Symbols The flag The Estonian blue-black and white national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society and was consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. Today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum, opened in an annex in 1996, attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag. After about half a century, during which it was prohibited by the Soviet authorities, the flag was seen again in public for the first time in Tartu in May 1988. 24 February 1989, Estonia, still part of the Soviet Union, hoisted its tricolor on the tower of Pikk Hermann in Tallinn. Since then the flag has always been hoisted with ceremony on that day, which is the national
In 1784 an amateur theatre began playing in a house situated in the same place and soon became a professional German City Theatre. The famous German writer August von Kotzebue (1761-1819), the life and soul of the theatre, lived in Tallinn for several long periods. (Otto von Kotzebue, the son of August von Kotzebue, accompanied explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern on his Journey around the World of 18031806.) Estonian was heard from a theatre stage for the first time. Early in the 19th century city architect Carl Ludwig Engel (helped rebuild Helsinki and also built the palace at 8 Kohtu Street on Toompea) designed a sumptuous hall for the theatre, but it was destroyed in a fire. Another fire devastated the theatre in 1902, after which it moved out from Old Town. The premises came into the possession of the Puppet Theatre in 1955. In 1991, the whole building was given to the theatre. Renovation works took place in 2001-03. 5 17 Lai Street
London important sights guide Roman period 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs 5 tons. · Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of
Estonia is also famous for its national song festivals, begun in Tartu in 1869. nowadays they take place every four years. Tallinn, the capital of the Republic of Estonia and of the Harju county, is a town in north Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and today Tallinn is home for almost a third of Estonian’s population. It covers an area of almost 160 sq kilometers. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn was first mentioned in 1154 and the first inhabitants are believed to have come here 3500 years ago. They lived on the banks of the river Härjapea present- day Keldrimäe. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. In the 13 th century Tallinn joined the Hanseatic League. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In 1980
Tallinn Mustamäe College G2K Jaana-Kristiina Jõgevest The Four oldest churches of Tallinn Report Supervisor: Ingrid Teigar Tallinn 2009 The Dome Church The Danes began fortification of Toompea after the conquest of Tallinn in 1219 and probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF
politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks and numerous iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Towe Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. 2. History Although there is some evidence of a permanent settlement before the Romans came in 43 A.D., it is more accepted by historians that the Romans were the first. The settlement was called Londinium. The first London lasted for just seventeen years, for around AD 61, a tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground. The next heavily-planned London prospered and surpassed Colchester (another major city at the time) as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of about 60,000. However, by the 3 rd century, the city fell into a decline due to trouble in the
performers. Estonia is also famous for its national song festivals, begun in Tartu in 1869. nowadays they take place every four years. Tallinn, the capital of the Republic of Estonia and of the Harju county, is a town in north Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and today Tallinn is home for almost a third of Estonian's population. It covers an area of almost 160 sqkm. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn was first mentioned in 1154 and the first inhabitants are believed to have come here 3500 years ago. They lived on the banks of the river Härjapea present-day Keldrimäe. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. In the 13th century Tallinn joined the Hanseatic League. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In 1980 Tallinn was awarded the
Facts and figures The Republic of Estonia is a small country. Covering only 45, 228 sq km it is slightly bigger than Denmark, Belgium or Switzerland. Estonia's population is under 1.4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone. The Estonian national anthem called "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy" was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius. The Estonian language words were written by J. V. Jannsen. It was officially adopted after the War of Independence in 1920
neighbour to the south. From the west the coast of Estonia is washed by the Baltic Sea and from the north by the Gulf of Finland. The length of the coastline is approximately 3 800 km. The longest distance from east to west is 350 km, while north to south Estonia stretches 240 km. THE NAME The name EESTI was apparently derived from the word AISTI, the name given by ancient Germans to the peoples living northeast of the Vistula River. Tacitius, the Roman historian, was the first one to mention it (AESTI), while the Arab scholar alIdrisi was the first one to mark it on a map (as ASTLANDA). To the ancient Scandinavians the land was known as EISTLAND; to modern Scandinavians it is known as ESTLAND. Most contemporary languages use the Latin name ESTONIA. FLAG The Estonian blueblackandwhite national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Student's Society, consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884.
church) and ministers. Evangelical = low church The Low Church movement can trace its roots back to the early 18th century but is primarily associated with the opposition to the Anglo-Catholic movement of the later 19th century. Low Church placed great emphasis on preaching, personal piety and the authority of scripture and gave much less importance to the orders of priesthood and episcopacy. Anglo-Catholic = high church High Church is the older of the two terms and was first applied in the late 17th century to those individuals who were opposed to the Puritan wing of the Church of England. It is first and foremost associated with the Anglo-Catholic movement of the later 19th century (from 1833 onwards). High Churchmen placed great emphasis on liturgy and the sacraments, especially the weekly or daily celebration of the Eucharist as well as on the three orders of ministry (deacon, priest and bishop).
Northern Ireland. The relatively limited variety of fauna and flora on the island is due to its size and the fact that wildlife has had little time to develop since the last glacial period. The high level of urbanisation on the island has contributed to a species extinction rate that is about 100 times greater than the background species extinction rate. 2 The History of the Great Britain The island was first inhabited by people who crossed over the land bridge from the European mainland. Traces of early humans have been found (at Boxgrove Quarry, Sussex) from some 500,000 years ago and modern humans from about 30,000 years ago. Until about 10,000 years ago, Great Britain was joined to Ireland, and as recently as 8,000 years ago it was joined to the continent by a strip of low marsh to what is now Denmark and the Netherlands. Britain in the reign of Elizabeth
The need for a stronger system of defenses against such marauders gradually led to an increase in the power of the local rulers and their vassals, the nobles, who were largely a warrior class. Concurrently, the towns began to grow in importance, as artisans and merchants settled in them and improved their defenses. The gradual development of powerful towns was a notable feature of Dutch history during the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries, and the area became an important trading centre. Under the leadership of wealthy merchants the towns began to challenge the power of the nobles who ruled the countryside. The merchants often supported the regional ruler in his campaigns against unruly vassals, at the same time exacting from him privileges designed to promote commerce and to strengthen the town and the position of the merchant class. (3) In the early Middle Ages such political entities as the counties of Flanders and Holland, the
One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing of the seasons. It appears in number of novels. These days it is not only the interest of tourists but is also a gathering point of certain minority groups. It is now fenced off to protect it from damage. 3. The Roman conquest Julius Caesar's first raid was in 55 BC but the romans left. Ad 43- the Romans came to stay. The army established Roman rule in the south and SW of the country. The Romans started to introduce their laws to a new province of the Roman Empire and started to build good roads. Officials were appointed (governors, procurators to collect taxes, look after the estates and mines and se that the gold, silver, iron and lead were exported back to Rome). Introduced schools,a new language Latin, large farms (villas), baths.
.........................6 Changes........................................................................................................................14 The Role of the Royals.................................................................................................16 In Chelsea Flower Show have everyday different........................................................18 The Chelsea Flower Show Gala Dinner...................................................................18 The first day - by invitation only..............................................................................18 Two Days for Members Only...................................................................................18 Two Days for the public...........................................................................................18 The Chelsea Plant Sell-Off.......................................................................................18 Judgment Days..........................
*Estonians conquered by the crusaders 1208 *Reformation 16th century establishments of new school, Estonians first book appeared in 1525 *Tartu University 1632 founded by King Gustavus II Adolphus, classical university, member of the Coimbra group *Abolition of serfdom 1816 *Song festival 1869 in Tartu, an organiser was J.V.Jannsen, 822 singers, men only *Declaration of independence 24th February 1918 *War of independence 1918-1920 during the Russian Civil War, resulted in a victory for Estonia *Deportation 1949 *Estonia becomes independent 20th August 1991
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