Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "The Lower Town". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
gate, sister, sisters, margaret, century, hotel, houses, suite, street, gothic, medieval, middle, built, protect, meters, wall, stone, margareta, lower, elements, first, record, merchant, comes, year, typical, architecture, complex, stars, expensive, eastern, outer, beginning, 16th, walls, thick, base, flat, roof, diameter, nowadays, museum, gates, agesEvery five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on the spot of the Toompea Hill, but the real Tallinn was built by the Danes who conquered the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order. The Germans renamed Tallinn and called it Reval.
Kunda Gymnasium Rait Türkel Old Tallinn Report Instructor:Teacher Kristi Aron Kunda 2012 Introduction Like most cities with an eight-hundred-year-old past, Tallinn is a patchwork of historic areas. The city's pride and joy is without a doubt its Medieval Old Town, but equally enchanting is the Kadriorg district, a throwback to the time when Estonia was ruled by the Russian Tsars. Tallinn is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It occupies an area of 159.2 km2 with a population of 416,470. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, 80 km south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day. Two parts remained separated until the end of the 19th century. Four Names Lyndanise - mentioned by Henricus de Lettis in his Chronicle; derives from the name Linda - the wife of Kalev and mother of Kalevipoeg Koluvan - mentioned in Russian chronicles; derives from the hero Kalev from our national epic Reval - comes from the German words “REH” and “FALL”, meaning the falling of the deer; could be deers trying to escape from the Danes, running down the Toompea hill
Katariina Passage connects Vene and Müürivahe street. On the northern portion of the passage you can find what's left of St. Catherine's Church (hence the passage name) and various large, ancient tombstones that used to line the inside of the sanctuary. On the southern portion of the passage, you'll find numerous artisan workshops, where you'll even get see them hard at work creating new items. City wall Tallinn's medieval city wall is a sub-facility that was built to protect the lower Tallinn and upper Tallinn (Toompea). The building of the city wall began in 1310th years, and by improving over time it formed the city wall with defensive buildings (towers). It was finished by the end of the 1561. Then it was 2.35-kilometer-long circular wall, which had 27 wall gate, 8 tower gate and 21 other stone fortifications. Many parts of the town wall have survived until today
1. Fat Margareta - 16. Cent. Tallinn's most impressive defensive structures, the Great Coastal Gate (Suur Rannavärav) and Fat Margaret's Tower. They were built not only to defend the city from the seaward side of town, but also to impress any visitors arriving via the harbour. Fat Margareta used to be a prison. It is a town wall's building. Now it's home to the Estonian Maritime Museum, which provides a detailed look at the nation's seafaring past. 2. The Great Coastal Gate - with the Viru Gates, are the last of six gates that controlled access to the town in Medieval times. 3. Kolm Õde - a hotel
Kunda Ühisgümnaasium Tallin Old Town Report Student: Kristin Karu Teacher: Kristi Aron Kunda 2012 The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is an orthodox cathedral in the Tallinn Old Town,Estonia. It was built to a design by Mikhail Preobrazhensky in a typical Russian Revivalstyle between 1894 and 1900, during the period when the country was part of theRussian Empire. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is Tallinn's largest and grandest orthodox cupola cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Alexander Nevsky who in 1242 won the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Russian patriarch, Alexis II, started his priestly ministry in the church.
............................................... 11 47 Lai Street............................................................................ 12 50 Lai Street............................................................................ 13 Summary................................................................................. 15 References.............................................................................. 16 2 Introduction Pikk Street as the longest and also the main street from medieval times is well-known, but Lai Street that runs parallel to it is not. The aim of the report is to be helpful for the students of Tallinna Mustamäe College who study the history of Tallinn and would like to get additional information about Lai Street, as they need to pass the guide practice exam in form eleven. The report is divided into chapters so that each chapter deals with one of the important houses in Lai Street
then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after Danish conquest in the 13th century. Over the course of time, Taanilinn was shortened to Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained
THE DOMINICAN St. CATHERINE`S MONASTERY One of the best-kept secrets of Tallinn is to be found in the very center of the city. Located near Viru Street, between Müürivahe and Vene Streets, is a medieval Dominican monastery which reveals a fascinating dimension of the city's history. The Dominican Order was founded by a Spaniard, Saint Dominic Gusman, in 1216. Up to that moment only bishops were permitted to preach, but their performance was inadequate beause of the time they had to devote to the administrstion of their dioceses. The result was that many Christians heard the Word of God rarely if at all . Dominic
Turu Kael sidestreet. The market location perfectly suited for trade: five trade routes started there. The square is connected to Town Hall Square by a short sidestreet. Town Hall Square Was used as marketing place, for festivities as well as for executions. In summer it is filled with outdoors cafes In winter it becames a magical christmas market The L-shaped sigh There has been a town hall in Tallinn since at least 1322. Town Hall Built in 13th century The management of the city worked in the Town Hall until the year 1970 The only gothic town hall on Northern Europe Weathervane Old Thomas The height of the towe is 64 metres Town Hall pharmacy Is one of the oldest working pharmacies in Europe and the oldest company in Tallinn Was first mentioned in 1422 There were also sold other goods like: ground bats, dried frog feet etc You can try spiced wine claret which was known and valued during the middle
The Great Guild Liisbeth Kallakmaa The Great Guild Medieval Tallinn's social institutions were guilds and brotherhoods, whose main function was to provide members with social interactions and ensure their rights, but also played an important political and economic role. Tallinn had three important guilds - The Great Guild, St. Canute's Guild and St. Olaf's guild. The Great Guild was the youngest among them, founded in the 14th century, but soon became the biggest and most important. It was founded as an organization of the wealthiest merchants and shipowners. The name of the Great Guild was introduced in the late 15th century. There were close ties between the guild and the town rules: only members of the Great Guild had the right to belong to the town council and could be elected for mayor. Tallinn's small coat of arms is also the Great Guild's coat of arms. Guild was led by
THE CITY OF LONDON History The City of London occupies one square mile in the middle of the capital. It once made up entire town of London, surrounded by the wall first built by Romans. The Romans also built a bridge over the Thames and there has been one in the same area ever since. The Roman Londinium grew up on the northern side of the bridge. In AD 61 the native Celtic tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans. They burnt down Londinium to the ground and killed most of its inhabitants. Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca and Londinium was rebuilt. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also another way leading up to Toompea - Lühike Jalg, which was made in the 14th century
Edinburgh Castle is an ancient stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the city of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. The Governor of Edinburgh Castle is Major General
Old Tallinn Old Town, a medieval walled city filled with old buildings and fortifications. The sheltered bay and the easily defended Toompea Hill made it a natural place to settle. Sometime about 1050 A.D. a fortress was built atop the hill, the first of many. In 1219 the Danes showed up as part of the Northern Crusade to subjugate the Baltics and convert the local pagans to Christianity whether they wanted to or not. The Danes improved the fortifications and expanded the town, which became part of the Hanseatic League, a trading organization of a hundred northern cities. The Danes sold Tallinn to the Livonan Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, in 1346. The Swedes came next in 1561
Sculptures and monuments St. John's Lutheran Church St John's Church was probably built in the first third of the 14th century. There is no other brick church decorated with so much terracotta plastic in Europe Eduard Tubin Monument The Eduard Tubin monument, marking the 100th birthday of the composer, was dedicated in 2005. The authors of the statue are sculptor Aili Vahtrapuu, architect Veronika Valk, with sound installations by Louis Dandrel.Eduard Tubin (1905-1982) was a versatile composer and conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert
trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town (inhabited by people of a lower social standing), as there were conflicts between the two. The doors and the gates of the wall were locked at night, a
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt
TALLINN TOWN HALL Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. Built in the heart of Tallinn, next to a marketplace, the Town Hall has witnessed trade and social activities for over 700 years. It has still remained the most important representational building in town. The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century, but it acquired its medieval appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible
... Gümnaasium English Project Sights of Estonia Student: .............................. Class: 6 ... Teacher: ............... Harjumaa 2011 1 1. Steamer-icebreaker Suur Tõll The ship was built in 1914 in Stettin (Szczecin) by Vulkan-Werke A. G. Suur Tll is the only pre-war steam ship of the Republic of Estonia remained up to now and, at the same time, the biggest icebreaker in the world preserved through two world wars. All the 3 original steam engines as well as most of the original arrangement of space and late Jugendstil interior of the officers' rooms are preserved. In 1914 the first home port of the ship was Tallinn
the Toompea church the cathedral of the Tallinn bishopric, which was formed in 1240, and subordinated to the archdiocese of Lund. The cathedral chapter was established at the cathedral consecrated to St. Mary the Virgin and a school was formed at the church in 1319 at the latest. The reconstruction of the initally one-nave and relatively modest church into a three- nave one started at the beginning of the 14 th century and lasted approximately a hundred years. This period includes another change of power, resulting in Tallinn's subordination to the order one more time. Although the main building of the church dates back to those times, the medieval cathedral was quite different from the present appearance. For example, the tower on the western side of the church was built only in the 18 th century, the annexes of the southern side date back to the 16 th -18th centuries and those on the
kool Research work Styles in interior design nimi TALLINN2010 Interior design is a multifaceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including research, analysis, and integration of knowledge into the creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Baroque Baroque (pronounced /brok/ b-ROHK in American English or /brk/ in British English)
Topic London Tallinn English College Tallinn 2007 1. Introduction London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest urban area in England. The ancient City of London, to which the name originally belonged, still maintains its medieval boundaries, but the name "London" has long applied more to the whole metropolis that has grown up around it. London has been an important settlement for over two millenniums. It is also one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks
Literature of the 14th century The highpoint of medieval literature, the best writer of late medieval lived then. William Langland 1332-1376 the last important poet of alliterative verse. His masterpiece "The Vision of Piers Ploughman" how important working hard is, the labour of peasants is the base of the welfare of the people. A passionate protest against social injustice. A time when peasants were slowly rising against their feudal lords. Descriptions of different social classes. Religious mysticism. Two great principles: 1) all men are equal before God; 2) honest labour is dignified
great trading organization in the 13th-16th centuries. The combination of the upper town on the high limestone hill and the lower town at its foot with many church spires forms an expressive skyline that is visible from a great distance both from land and sea. The upper town (Toompea) with the castle and the cathedral has always been the administrative centre of the country, whereas the lower town preserves to a remarkable extent the medieval urban fabric of narrow winding streets, many of which retain their medieval names, and fine public and burgher buildings, including town wall, Town Hall, pharmacy, churches, monasteries, merchants' and craftsmen' guilds, and the domestic architecture of the merchants' houses, which have survived to a remarkable degree. The distribution of building plots survives virtually intact from the 13th-14th centuries. The Outstanding Universal Value of the Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn is
The Angles, Saxons and Jutes came from present-day Northern-Germany and Denmark in 449. A number of tribes from the European mainland invaded and settled in large numbers; however, they were not always victorious. These Anglo- Saxons soon had the south-east of the country in their control. In the west, their advance was temporarily halted by an army of (Celtic) Britons under the command of the legendary King Arthur. By the 7th century the Anglo-Saxons were ruling most of Britain. 10. Scandinavian raids. In 789 three Viking ships landed on the coast of the kingdom of West Saxon. They were traders and raiders. In the 9th century they conquered and settled the islands around Scotland and some coastal regions of Ireland. Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex
● Reval - used after 1219; comes from two german words ‘reh’ and ‘fall’, meaning the falling of the deer - as they fall down the Toompea hill, probably when escaping from the Danish occupation or just the hunters. ● Tallinn - used after Estonia gained its independence in 1918, origin is definitely estonian; meaning Taani-linn, tali- linn. Liberty Square ● The central square of Tallinn, it was renovated in 2008. There used to be Harju gate, which can now be seen through glass. ● The statue of Liberty, 2009; represents freedom, Estonia has been under many foreign powers, starting with Danes, Sweden, German and Russia. The clock of liberty, 2004. Kiek in de Kök ● The cannon tower, founded in 1475-1483. Kiika kööki, peek into the kitchen, from up there it was possible to peek into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum.
defeated Boudicca. The city was rebuilt and was gradually surrounded with a wall of stone and brick which lasted for many centuries. During the archeological excavations in 1954 the Roman Temple of Mithras was revealed. It was a pagan temple dedicated to the Persian Sun-god. The Temple was later reconstructed only a short way from its original site and the relics are displayed in the Museum of London in the Barbican. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies were recalled from Britain to defend Rome itself. Once they had left Anglo-Saxons invaded and settled in Britain. They were farming people who preffered to live outside towns. For a while London probably lay in ruins, but it eventually developed again, partly because of its position on the river was good for trading. The Tower of London There is more of London's history in the Tower than anywhere else in London. It
London important sights guide Roman period 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an
· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed
the Hanseatic League in 1285. General Data l Country - Estonia l County - Harju County l First appeared on map - 1154 l Town rights - 1248 l Mayor - Edgar Savisaar l Aera - Total 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi) l Population - (1 Mar 2012) Total - 416,470 Denisty - 2,614.0/km2(6,766.6/sq mi) Tallinn Coat of arms Flag Top 5 Attractions 1. Kiek in de Kök Visitors to the museum will see examples of Medieval firepower, displays detailing how the city's system of walls and towers developed through the centuries and an exhibit on crime and punishment in Old Tallinn. 2. Kadriorg Palace - Kadriorg Art Museum A trip to Tallinn isn't a trip to Tallinn without a visit to this magnificent northern baroque palace, built by Peter the Great for his wife, Catherine I, in 1718. The grandiose palace with its surrounding manicured gardens is home to the foreign art collection of the Art Museum of Estonia.
The square in front of Tallinn's Town Hall functioned as a marketplace for centuries, dating back to times even before the Town Hall itself was built. Through the years this served as a place of celebrations as well as executions. Today the square remains a cultural focal point for the city. In summer, it's filled with outdoor cafés and is home to countless openair concerts, handicraft fairs and medieval markets. In winter, an annual Christmas Market enchants the crowds on the square, as does the town's Christmas tree (a tradition whose roots stretch back to 1441), which stays up for a month or more. Town Hall Square has also become the traditional centre of the Old Town Days festival, a modern version of a medieval carnival. Traditions from the Middle Ages are kept alive here, including parades, a knights' tournament, a parrotshooting contest and the election of the May Count.
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