Schizophrenia Kristel Raud PSPSB 2 What is schizophrenia? Mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and by impaired emotional responses Delusions including paranoia and auditory hallucinations, disorganized thinking reflected in speech, and a lack of emotional intelligence Symptoms Hallucinations (hearing voices) Delusions (bizarre or persecutory in nature) Disorganized thinking and speech Social withdrawal Sloppiness of dress and hygiene Loss of motivation and judgment
Artikli analüüs uurimistöö metoodikas. Antud uurimistöö probleemiks oli kognitiivsete defitsiitide esinemine skisofreenia haigetel, näiteks halvenenud verbaalse mälu ja pideva tähelepanu võime. Eesmärgiks oli tutvustada neuroplastika konsepti; uurida strateegiaid, mida psühhiaatriaõed saaksid kasutada, et parandada skisofreenia haigete kognitiivseid funktsioone, ning neid strateegiaid ka eluliselt kasutada. Uurimuse ülesandeks oli töös osalenud katseisiku nimega “H” viimine nii kaugele, et ta suudaks rakendada toimetulekustrateegiaid, et ta saaks hakkama positiivsete sümptomitega ja parandaks oma kognitiivset funktsioneerimist iseseisvalt.
SKISOFREENIA Schizophrenia (lad.k) Schizophrenia (ingl.k) Marlene Kirt Mida kujundab endast skisofreenia? • Skisofreenia on psühhootiline häire, mis kujuneb sageli kauakestvaks ja põhjustab märgatavaid muutusi inimese reaalsustajus. • Skisofreeniahaigete mõtted, emotsioonid ja käitumine on häiritud ning neil on raske reaalsuse üle otsustada • Skisofreeniat põhjustab ajus signaale edastavate kemikaalide tasakaalu häirumine, mistõttu inimene hakkab tajuma asju, mida ei ole päriselt olemas. Skisofreenia sümptomid • Sümptomid jaotatakse positiivseteks sümptomiteks ja negatiivseteks sümptomiteks • Positiivsed sümptomid + hallutsinatsioonid ja luulumõtted • Negatiivsed sümptomid Skisofreenia alavormid • Paranoidne skisofreenia • Hebefreenne vorm • Katatoonne vorm • Lihtne skisofreenia Levinumad müüdid skisofreenia kohta • Selle diagnoosiga inimesed k...
Skisofreenia Teele Sarapuu Mõiste: Schizophrenia (lad.k) Schizophrenia (ingl.k) schizo killustumine, lõhestumine, phren hing, ia suffiks, tähistamaks haigust, patoloogilist seisundit. Skisofreenia psüühikahäire, mille tekkepõhjused ja mehhanism pole täpselt teada. Omased on halb mälu ning häired tajumises, mõtlemises, tundelus, tahteelus. Ajalugu: Haigus oli tuntud erinevate nimetuste all. Esimesena ühendas aastal 1896 varemtuntud mõisted haiguse kohta Emil Kraeplin, kes nimetas
Skisofreenia Maria Yakhonina · Schizophrenia (lad.k), Schizophrenia (ingl.k) · Skisofreenia on psühhooside hulka klassifitseeritud psüühikahäire, mille tekkepõhjused ja mehhanism pole täpselt teada. · Skisofreenia on psühhooside hulka kuuluv psüühikahäire, millesse haigestumisel on patsiendi normaalne käitumine oluliselt häiritud Ülevaade · Skisofreenial esineb mitmeid alavorme, mis avalduvad täiesti erinevalt: luulumõtted, veider käitumine, tarretumine erinevatesse poosidesse, ebemäärased lõhna-,
Skisofreenia Eugen Bleuler (18571939), kes võttis kasutusele mõiste Schizophrenia Ladinakeelne nimi Schizophrenia Skisofreenia on psüühikahäire, millele on omased häired tajumises, mõtlemises, tundeelus ja tahteelus. Halvenenud on ka mälu. Intellekti skisofreenne protsess märgatavalt ei mõjuta. Sisukord 1 Ajalugu 2 Etiopatogenees 3 Epidemioloogia 4 Sümptomid 5 Diagnostika 5.1 Kliiniline 5.2 Laboratoorne 6 Alavormid 7 Ravi 8 Prognoos Ajalugu Haigust, mida tänapäeval vaadeldakse skisofreeniana, kirjeldas esimesena Emil Kraepelin 1896. aastal
& Stoessl, A.J. (2004). The Biochemical Bases of the Placebo Effect. Science and Engineerig Ethics, 10, 143-150. Gaudiano, B.A. & Herbert, J.D. (2005). Moving From Empirically Supported Treatment Lists to Practice Guidelines in Psychotherapy: The Role of the Placebo Concept. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61(7), 893-908. Kemp, A.S., Kalali, A.H., Schooler, N.R., Alphs, L., Anand, R., Awad, G. ... Vermeulen, A. (2008) What Is Causing the Reduced Drug-Placebo Difference in Recent Schizophrenia Clinical Trials and What Can be Done About It? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36 (3), 504-509. Lau, J.T.F & Mao, J. (2003). Ethical issues related to the use of placebo in clinical trials. Hong Kong Mcd J, 9 (3), 192-198.
Välimuses inimesel muutuseid märgata pole. · Esimene inimene, kes kirjeldas skisofreeniat oli Emil Kraepelin 1896. aastal. Ta hakkas seda nimetama seda dementia praecox'iks (varajane nõdrameelsus). Tänapäevase nimetuse, skisofreenia, võttis kasutusele Eugen Bleuler 1908. aastal. Haiguse nimetus on tuletatud kolmest osast: schizo - killustumine, lõhestumine ja phren - hing ja ia liide, tähistamaks haigust, patoloogilist seisundit. · Schizophrenia (lad.k), Schizophrenia (ingl.k) Põhjus ja Ravi · Skisofreenia täpne põhjus pole tänaseni välja selgitatud. Umbes 10%-l skisofreenia all kannatajatest on ka üks vanematest skisofreenik. Järelikult on haigus pärilik ning haiguse põhjuseks mitmete geenide muutumine. Skisofreenia võib tekkida ka rohkest stressist. · Skisofreenia ravi vastu võideldakse sellega, et luuakse inimesele stressivaba elukeskkond. Kasutatakse ka Neuroleptikume e. grupp
· Kõige sagedamini ja lihtsamini leidav on DMN (Default Mode network). · Tihti DMN-s esineb muudutusi mitmetel erinevatel närvisüsteemi häiretel. (Nt. autismi puhul FC on DMN regioonis on oluliselt vähendatud) On tõestused, et esineb anomaaliat DMN piirkonnas skisofreenia puhul, DMN laiendamine/paisumine · Kõige rohkem kasutatakse Pearsoni lineaarse korrelatsiooni algoritmi FC arvutamiseks rs-fMRT. · Neurobiological theories posit that schizophrenia relates to disturbances in connectivity between brain regions. · Compared to healthy subjects, individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated greater connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex, a key hub of the default mode. · In contrast to the default mode, patients demonstrated less connectivity in the executive control and dorsal attention networks. ALFF and fALLF · amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF)
the large amount of negative effects on health. For example increased risk of liver diseases, cancer and pancreatitis. Nevertheless conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some benefitial effects on gastritis. For instance chronic excess alcohol intake, can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric impairment, coronary heart disease and malignant neoplasms. Furthermore psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression, schizophrenia, suicide. Contrary to popular belief published studies have shown correlation between moderate alcohol use and health that may instead have been due to the beneficial effects of socialization that is often accompanied by alcohol consumption. In conclusion despite of benefits, chronic alcohol misuse has serious effects on physical and mental health Finally a thought-provoking fact: "Excessive alcohol consumption in Russia, particularly by
,,Mure-lapse laulud" (Problem child's songs) Talent was noticed Marie Heiberg Lived 1890 -1942 First Poem collection - ,,Mure-lapse laulud" (Problem child's songs) Talent was noticed Penury Marie Heiberg Lived 1890 -1942 First Poem collection - ,,Mure-lapse laulud" (Problem child's songs) Talent was noticed Penury In 1919 was diagnosed with schizophrenia Elisabeth Aspe Lived 1860-1927 Elisabeth Aspe Lived 1860-1927 An early realist Elisabeth Aspe Lived 1860-1927 An early realist First well-known short novel- Kasuõde (Stepsister) 1887 Elisabeth Aspe Lived 1860-1927 An early realist First well-known short novel- Kasuõde (Stepsister) 1887 One of the first Elisabeth Aspe Lived 1860-1927 An early realist
Unfortunately it didn’t work and she ran out of the restroom while yelling. On the way down the stairs a couple of teachers tried to stop her but she fought them and because of that they gave her a sedative. After that she was sent to a group home for troubled kids called Lyle House. There she meets Liz, Tori, Rae, Derek, Simon and Peter. On the first session with a therapist, the nurse thought she had schizophrenia which causes hallucinations and paranoia. Once one of the boys heard that she might see ghosts, she was recommended and told to look up about necromancy but even when Derek helped her, they still didn’t get along. Searching about necromancy made Chloe doubt about the diagnosis the therapist gave her so she started looking for a way out of the Lyle House. Along the way Chloe learned that Simon is a sorcerer and Derek is a half-demon, werewolf
people could get it and Estonians, who were just farmers, mostly didn't have money for that. First I am going to talk about Marie Heiberg. She lived 1890-1942. Her first poem collection was ,,Mure-lapse laulud" in translation ,,Problem child's songs". Her talent was noticed, but she didn't have a change to really become famous. She was in a great penury that made her life really though and she had a gentle soul. Thanks to all that in 1919 she was diagnosed with schizophrenia. She isn't really famous poet in Estonia, but I chose her because when you read her poems you can really feel the pain she has been through. Her poems influenced lots of people with their fresh style and deep and painful content. These made people think about depths of life. Next writer I am going to talk about is Elisabeth Aspe. She lived in 1860-1927. She was an early realist, back at that time most people wrote about different things. Critics have said that her works
haiguse tekkepõhjust. On kujunenud tavaarusaamaks, et üks kolmandik skisofreeniahaigeist paraneb hästi, teisel kolmandikul esineb püsivaid sümptomeid ja viimasel kolmandikul muutub haigus krooniliseks. 5 Kasutatud kirjandus: 1.http://wiki.zzz.ee/index.php/Skisofreenia 2.www.inimene.ee 3.http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skisofreenia 4.http://ee.lundbeck.com/ee/patients_and_relatives/schizophrenia/default. asp Sisukord Ajalugu........................................................................................................................1 Sümptomid..................................................................................................................... 2 Alavormid.......................................................................................................................3 Kes haigestub skisofreeniasse? .
your developing brain. Some movies and music make "stoner" culture seem cool, natural and like it's not a big deal. But if being fit and getting good grades are some of your goals, using marijuana can become a big deal, fast. Marijuana limits your brain's effectiveness, slows your thinking and impairs your coordination. A number of studies have also shown an association between chronic marijuana use and increased rates of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. You may hear people ask, "If it's dangerous, why do so many people have medical marijuana cards?" It's true that scientists have determined that the cannabis plant has the potential for addressing a range of medical conditions. But using marijuana at a young age can result in structural and functional deficits of the brain. This could cause you to develop weakened verbal and communication skills, lowered learning capabilities and a shortened attention span.
uudikmutatsioonid (ingl. New mutations)- Kasvajate teket põhjustavatest mutatsioonidest on pool uudikmutatsioonid, olles isikupäraselt unikaalsed. 18. Imprinting geeni vermimine (ingl. Gene imprinting)- Geen mäletab oma vanemat. Vt. geenimälu; genoomne vermimine. genoomivermimine (ingl. Genome imprinting)- Nähtus, mille puhul geeni avaldumine sõltub sellest, kummalt vanemalt see on päritud. 19. Skisofreenia pärandumine skisofreenia (ingl. Schizophrenia)- Vaimuhaigus, mis väljendub tajumise, mõtlemise, tundeelu ja tahteelu muutumises. Skisofreenia risk: Mittesugulased populatsioonis, sugulus 0%- risk 1%; teise astme sugulased, sugulus 25%- risk 4%, esimese astme sugulased, sugulus 50%- risk 9%, erimunakaksikud, sugulus 50%- risk 17%, ühemunakaksikud, sugulus 100%- risk 48% 20. Vaimsete võimete pärandumine Suguluseta (0%)- risk 0%, kolmas põlvkond (12,5%)- risk 15%, teine
( How we attain our adult notion of objective reality, how we come to know that the tree in the garden unlikea dream will still be there after we blink our eyes) Young children tend to think of them as physical objects. Dreams and Individual Differences: Dreams are reflection of a fact that people are different. Comparison between the dreams of normal people and of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenics reported dreams that were higly bizarre and morbid. Dreamer is eaten alive by an alligator, nuclear wars and world cataclysms. Themes of bodily mutilation were common, ( woman killed her husband and then stuffed parts of his body into a camel's head) In contrast, normal's dreams were comparatively mild and ordinary. Result fits. Schizophrenics ofthe jump from one idea to another without maintaining firm line of thought. As a result their behavior often appears bizarre
The number of dendritic spines may change depending on neuronal activity. This is a link between structure and function, essential for neuroplasticity. DOPAMINE (DA) – A catecholamine* neurotransmitter. One of its pathways projects from the substantia nigra to the caudate and putamen nuclei in the basal ganglia* and is involved in movement control. This nigrostriatal pathway degenerates in Parkinson’s disease. DA is believed to play a role in schizophrenia. DORSAL – Towards the back of a body DORSAL HORN – An area of the spinal cord where nociceptive* nerve fibres enter the ascending pathway. EFFERENT – Carrying information away from a particular group of neurones ENDOCRINE GLAND – An organ which produces and secretes a hormone* directly to the bloodstream. ENDORPHINS - A group of neuropeptide transmitters which are produced in the CNS and bind to opioid receptors; they regulate the perception of pain
Postmodernity is the general state of life, that we are in, it is the social and cultural situation, it is the organization of life under late capitalism, we are talking about less advances countries, elements-skeptisism towards metanarratives, flattening of history and loss of memory and emphasis on surfaces, not on depth, the experience of life as spectacle, life as a show, as a performance, the dissapearance about distinction about puclib and private life, consumerism, information overload, schizophrenia, paranoia, multiculturalism and the recogniztion of countires in the boarderlands, hybrid cultures. Postmodernism is the textual manifestation of postmodernity, whatever they create in response to postmodernity. Economy depends on mass consumption. How does one learn to be a consumer-televison, advertisement, internet and huge system of great shopping centres-the malls. In this sense the media have replaced the school, the media are teaching young people how to be, the media
its need to have or be “more,” lie habitually and compulsively. Most of what they tell you about themselves, their story, is a complete fantasy, a fictitious edifice the ego has designed for itself to feel bigger, more special. Their grandiose and inflated self-image can sometimes fool others, but usually not for long. It is then quickly recognized by most people as a compete fiction. The mental illness that is called paranoid schizophrenia, or paranoia for short, is essentially an exaggerated form of ego. It usually consists of a fictitious story the mind has invented to make sense of a persistent underlying feeling of fear. The main element of the story is the belief that certain people (sometimes large numbers or almost everyone) are plotting against me, or are conspiring to control or kill me. The story often has an inner consistency and logic so that it sometimes fools others into believing it too
Anticonvulsants Used for: epilepsy, bipolar disorder Associated deficiencies: biotin, folic acid, vitamins B-6, D, and K Cholestyramine Used for: high cholesterol Associated deficiencies: vitamins A, D, E, and K Nitrous oxide Used for: dental anesthesia, recreation Associated deficiencies: vitamin B-12 Chemotherapy drugs Used for: cancer treatment Used for: cancer treatment Associated deficiencies: folic acid Antipsychotics Used for: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder Associated deficiencies: vitamins B-2 (riboflavin) and D Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) Used for: atrial fibrillation, preventing blood clots Associated deficiencies: vitamins E and K Anti-inflammatories (corticosteroids) Used for: arthritis, rashes, asthma, hepatitis, lupus, Crohn's disease, eye in ammation, adrenal insufficiency Associated de ciencies: calcium, DHEA, magnesium, melatonin, potassium, protein, selenium, vitamins B-6, B-9, B-12, C, and D, zinc Metformin
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