4384) 1. Define the following words and expressions (considering the context) and reproduce (in your own words) the situations in which they appear in the book: the marrow of something (44) - The soft stuff inside of a bone is called marrow. ... From this biological kind of marrow comes a figurative meaning of marrow -- the essence of something. S The convent is on top of the high hill and from its window the Sisters can see the marrow of the town. to be privy to something (46) - If you're privy to something, you've been let in on a secret or know about something that most people don't. ... The adjective privy comes from the Latin privatus, meaning "private," and describes someone who has knowledge of secret or confidential information. S- Marie is privy to both worlds of Evil knowledge. a habit (49) - a long, loose garment worn by a member of a religious order. S Marie asks
Chateau de Chambord'is on 440 tuba, 365 kaminad, ja 84 treppi. Chateau ehitust alustas 1519 kuningas François I, et ta saaks jahti pidada lähedal metsas. SCHÖNBRUNNI PALEE · Asukoht: Viin Austria · Palees on 1441 tuba. on üks suuremaid turismiatraktsioonide Austrias ja Viinis. Palee ehitati 1696 ja 1712 aastate vahel keiser Leopolt I nõudel ja muutunud keiserliku suvelossi Maria Theresa. Palace Park pakub palju vaatamisväärsusi, nagu ka Privy aed - vanim loomaaed maailmas; labürint ja Gloriette'i (marmor suvila) asub 60 meetri kõrgusel mäel. PENA NATIONAL PALACE · Asukoht: Sintra Portugal · 1842. aastal ehitas kuningas Ferdinand II Pena National Palace'i ja see on Euroopa vanim loss romantismi stiilis. Palee on ehtitatud tugevalt kahjustatud saanud Suure Lissaboni maavärinas (1755) kloostri varemete peale. Pena National Palace'l on taastatud originaal värvid, punane ja kollane ning
higher – assessed internally and by external assessment from the SQA (= Scottish Qualifications Authority) Higher education Universities are the main providers of higher education in the UK. They vary greatly in the kind of courses they teach and in the way they organise their work, but they are all self-governing and independent and award degrees. An institution is granted university status by a royal charter granted by the Privy Council. Read Privy Council: Guide to its origins, powers and members on the BBC website to find out what the Privy Council is, what it does and who can be its member. 165 higher education institutions including universities, university colleges, specialist higher education institutions and other higher education colleges UCAS The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) is a UK-based organisation whose main role is to operate the application process for British universities. It
early 1546. Catherine Champernowne, better known by her later, married name of Catherine Ashley, was appointed as Elizabeth's governess in 1537, and she remained Elizabeth's friend until her death in 1565. She clearly made a good job of Elizabeth's early education. Mary I's Regin Edward VI died on 6 July 1553, aged 15. His will swept aside the Succession to the Crown Act Lady Jane was proclaimed 1543, excluded both Mary and queen by the Privy Council, Elizabeth from the succession. but her support quickly Instead declared as his heir crumbled, and she was Lady Jane Grey, deposed after reigning nine granddaughter of Henry VIII's days. sister Mary, Duchess of Mary rode triumphantly into Suffolk. London, with Elizabeth at her side. Mary, the country's first undisputed Elizabeth was brought to court and
assumed full control of its own through the Balfour Declaration. In 1927, Canada appointed its first ambassador to a foreign country, the United States. In 1931, the Statute of Westminster gave the Balfour Declaration constitutional force, confirming that no act of the UK's parliament would thereafter extend to Canada without its consent. Canadian citizenship was first distinguished from British in 1947; judicial appeals to the British Judicial Committee of the Privy Council ended in 1949. The power to amend Canada's constitution remained with the British parliament, although subject to the Statute of Westminster, until it was "patriated" to Canadian control by the Canada Act 1982.
the night or reminding him that their budding love is a lie. In fact, Catherine's resistance holds out much longer than Henry's: even after Henry emphatically states that he loves her and that their lives together will be splendid, Catherine exhibits the occasional doubt, telling him that she is sure that dreadful things await them and claiming that she fears having a baby because she has never loved anyone. Privy only to what Catherine says, not to what she thinks, the reader is left to explain these infrequent lapses in her otherwise uncompromised devotion. Her premonition of dreadful things, for instance, may simply be a general alarm about the war-torn world or residual guilt for loving a man other than the fiancé whom she is mourning as the book opens. While the degree to which Catherine is conflicted remains open to debate, her loyalty to Henry does not. She
Katolikust kirikust. Selle asemel Anglikaankirik, mille eesotsas ja kirikupea on Inglismaa kuningas või kuninganna. Selle tagajärjel sai Henry VII lahutada Catherine'ist ja abielluda oma esimese naise õukonnadaami õega Anne Boyleniga. Poliitilised suhted Henry VIII suurim poliitiline mõjutaja oli Thomas Cromwell, kelle mõjutustel ka toimus usureformatsioon. 1536. aastaks suutis Cromwell kogu nõuandjate ringi ümber vahetada ja anda neile ametliku nimetuse Privy Council. Henry VIII oli ka esimene, kes andis aluse seadustele. Tänu temale on kõrgeimal võimul, kas siis kuningal, presidendil või parlamendil ainuõigus teha, määrata ja täide viia seaduseid. Välispoliitilised suhted olid Hispaaniaga niikaua head, kuni Henry VIII tahtis lahutada Aragoni Catherinist, kes oli tolleaegse Hispaania kuninga Karl V tädi. Peale seda muutusid suhted jäigaks ja kuna Karl V oli piisavalt tegemist enda riigis oleva segadusega, siis ei saanud ta oma tädi
vaibunud ka kuningliku nõukogu õigustmõistev tegevus. Kui pooled ei otsinud või ei leidnud õigust kohtu ees, pöördusid nad kuninga poole, kes võis oma kantselei õigusemõistmises (chancery) aidata õigluse võidule range kindlavormilise õiguse vastu. Ka chancerys rakendatav õigus (equity, aequitas) juristide ajaks, see formaliseeriti kiiresti ja allutati tsunfti tööviisidele. 8 Verine reformatsiooniajastu tõi vajadusduse uue õigusemõistmise järele. Seati sisse uued kohtud privy council ja star chamber. Ka need pärinesid kuninga nõukogust. Eelkõige pidid need vastu astuuma kuritarvitustele, mis tekkisid vandemeestee instituudi kasutamisest. Vandemehed hakkasid lõpuks õigusemõistmist kohtunike käest ära võtma. Sellest tingitud korralageedusele pidid vastu astuma privy councili otsused. 17. sajandi alguseks tekkinud mõlemad uued kohtud oskasid writi tööriista kindlalt käsitsda ja muutsid seetõttu kiiresti populaarseks. 8
Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation. Discusses domestic matters with the Master of the Household. Towards the end of the day, there is always another pile of official papers and reports waiting to be read or acted upon. The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne? Speak about his education. Who are the 2nd and 3rd in line?
töölisklassil läheb ka paremaks, sest see teeb odavamaks üldtarvitatavaid kaupu. Sel ajal, kui rikkad on saanud rikkamaks, on vaesed igal juhul saanud vähem vaesemaks. Aga nii see polnud. Rikkuse kasv kasvas elanike suurenemise tõttu. Vaesed jäid ikka vaeseteks, töölisklassi elus, aga ei ole märgata mingit paremust. Töölised muutuvad peaaegu nende poodnike orjadeks, kelle võlgnikud nad on. 1.5 Tervishoiuametniku uuring 1863. aastal korraldas tervishoiuametnik Privy Council uurimuse viletsuse üle, mis valitseb inglise töölisklassi kõige halvemini toidetud osas. Uurimuse läbiviimisel oli reegliks, et igast kategooriast valiti välja kõige tervemad ja suhteliselt kõige paremates tingimustes olevad perekonnad. Maatööliste alatoitlus tabas üldiselt kõige enam naisi ja lapsi, sest mees peab sööma, et oma tööd teha. Suurem häda oli linnatööliste kategoorias. Neil polnud võimalik korralikult toituda.
Since her resignation, Thatcher has remained active in the politics of the United Kingdom, as well as the world. Thatcher had already been honoured by the Queen in 1990, shortly after her resignation as Prime Minister with the Order of Merit, one of the UK's highest distinctions. Interesting facts Margaret Thatcher has got a number of honours: · Lady of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (LG) · Member of the Order of Merit (OM) · Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (PC) · Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) · Honorary member of the Carlton Club, and the only woman entitled to full membership rights. A public holiday Margaret Thatcher's Day is held on the 10th of January on the Falkland Islands. She has written a number of books: · Statecraft: Strategies for Changing World by Margaret Thatcher · The Collected Speeches of Margaret Thatcher by Margaret Thatcher · The Path to Power by Margaret Thatcher
hectares. The park was the site of The Great Exhibition of 1851, for which the Crystal Palace was designed by Joseph Paxton. The park is divided in two by the Serpentine. · Jewel Tower in London is one of only two surviving sections of the medieval royal Palace of Westminster. It was built in approximately 1365 to house the treasures of Edward III and its alternative name was the "King's Privy Wardrobe". It displays a fascinating exhibition about the history of Parliament `Parliament Past and Present', and the second floor includes panels telling the story of this small but important building. · Madam Tussauds is a wax museum in London with branches in a number of major cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie
The ending ,,-ing" meant folk or family. The Saxons created institutions which made the English state for the next 500 years. One of them was the King's Council, called the Witan, issuing laws & charters. It had the right to choose kings & to agree the use of the king's laws. Without its support the king's authority was in danger. Large council meetings were called by the king during major festivals such as Christmas & Easter, or to solve major disputes. Even today the king or queen has a Privy Council, a group of advisers on the affairs of the state. The Saxons divided the land into shires. Over each shire was appointed a shire reeve, in time became shortened to ,,sheriff". Shire moots took place regularly. The first lords were called aldermen. As many bishops & monks were from France & Germany, close contacts with Europe were encouraged. England exported woollen goods, cheese, pottery, hunting dogs, metal goods. It imported wine, fish, pepper, jewelry and wheel-made pottery.
kuid jäi püsima ka peale teda. Püsis 1190ndatest kuni 1220ndateni. Fifteenth and tenth – vallasvara maksustamine, lisaks maavaldusele. Kuni 16.sajandini nimetati seda viisteistkümnendik ja kümnendik maks. Kogu olemasolevalt vallasvaralt kogutav maks. Linnades ja kroonuvaldustes kümnendik, maapiirkondades viieteistkümnendik. Seda pidi maksma kogukond, mitte üksikisik. Polnud täpne. Vaesem elanikkond ei pidanud maksma. Privy seal loan – alates 14.sajandist. Maksid aadlikud. Vabatahtlik laen, aga tegelikult kohustuslik maks. Võis maksmata jätmise eest ka vangi panna. Kuningas neid ei tagastanud. Pearaha (1377, 1379, 1381). VII Religioon ja reformatsioon John Wyclifi tegevus ja seisukohad, lollardid, Wyclifi piibel. Oli protestantismi protoideede levitaja. Sarnanesid väga Martin Lutheri ideedele. Suhted Rooma paavstiga ei olnud 14
right to succeed Charles II as King of Spain The war concluded with the Peace of Utrecht (1713), in which the warring states recognised the French candidate as King Philip V of Spain in exchange for territorial and economic concessions The act of Union with Scotland 1701 A politcal act that completed the union of England and Scotland. England opened its colonial markets to Scotland, that in return gave up its independent Parliament and Privy Council in Edinburgh Scotland retained its legal system, established church and gained free trade with England The House of Hanover George Louis I 18C George Augustus II 18 C George III 18-19 C George IV 19 C William I IV 19 C Victoria 19 C Robert Walpole and the Cabinet System Was a British Whig statesman and is considered to be 1st prime minister. Poliy of peace abroad, low taxation, reducing
[email protected] Kinder, Hilgemann ,, Maailma ajalugu esiajast tänapäevani", Avita. Tallinn, 2001+ soovituslik kirjandus ÕIS-ist Eksam 09.01 ja 16.01 , järeleksam 23.01 Euroopa poliitiline ajalugu 20 . sajandil Ideoloogiad on pol praktikas võrdlemisi uus nähtus. Tekkinud viimase 300 a jooksul. Pol ideloogiad tähistavad olulist murrangut arusaamises võimust.18.saj kujunes välja uus võimukäsitlus, mis hakkas kõrvaldama aristokraatia võimumonopoli , võimu hakkab saama töölisklass, mis on majtegevust juhtiv eliit. Tõsine vastane aristokraatiale, ei oma piisavat poliitilist võimu . Pinged erinevate ühkihtide vahel. Töölisklass tahab võimule lähemale pääseda, selleks vajab argumente, et oma võimu legtiimseks muuta, kujuneb välja olukord, kus pol võitluse ideeliseks aluseks ei ole enam dünastilised argumendid ( valitseja suguvõsade ja pärismusõiguslikkusele tuginevad argumendid, samuti mitte ka religioossed argumendid), keskeks polvõitluse...
Kõrgemate knot-aedade puhul kasutati ka jugapuid ja kadakaid. Esimese inglise renessanssaiana mainitakse alati varast Tudori-aega esindavat Hampton Courti palee aeda, mis asub praeguse Londoni territooriumil. Selle lasi ehitada kardinal ja minister Wolsey aastatel 1514-1515. Varsti sai see kuningas Henry VIII omandiks ja sellest sai kuningate residents kuni 18. sajandini. Hampton Courtis on renessansistiilis säilinud ülemine Pond Garden, nn "uputatud aed" (sunken garden) ning alumine Privy Garden muruparteritega. Uputatud parteraia ümber kulges omal ajal terrassil jalgtee ja viimase keskel asus kalatiik. 17. saj lõpupoole rekonstrueeriti palee ja aed põhjalikult baroki vaimus (Charles II ajal, valmis alles William III ajal), selleks kutsuti kohale aednikud Prantsusmaalt. 1699. a (pärast suurt tulekahju Londonis) hakkas paleeaedu kujundama Sir Christopher Wren. Eesosas on säilinud vanad renessanssaiad, uuendati Privy Gardeni keskosa parterit. Rajati kolm suurt avenüüd,
And even the like precurse of fierce events, As harbingers preceding still the fates And prologue to the omen coming on, Have heaven and earth together demonstrated Unto our climatures and countrymen.— But soft, behold! lo, where it comes again! Re-enter Ghost I'll cross it, though it blast me. Stay, illusion! If thou hast any sound, or use of voice, Speak to me: If there be any good thing to be done, That may to thee do ease and grace to me, Speak to me: Cock crows If thou art privy to thy country's fate, Which, happily, foreknowing may avoid, O, speak! Or if thou hast uphoarded in thy life Extorted treasure in the womb of earth, For which, they say, you spirits oft walk in death, Speak of it: stay, and speak! Stop it, Marcellus. MARCELLUS Shall I strike at it with my partisan? HORATIO Do, if it will not stand. BERNARDO 'Tis here! HORATIO 'Tis here! MARCELLUS 11 'Tis gone! Exit Ghost
delivered at 10:30 p.m., Tokyo time. Grew immediately arranged for a meeting with Togo and, when the message had been decoded, drove to Togo's official residence at 12:15 a.m. He requested—as is the right of all ambassadors—an audience with the head of state to present the message, then read it aloud to Togo and gave him a copy. Togo promised to present the matter to the Throne and, despite the lateness of the hour, telephoned the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal for an audience. Ministers of state would be received at any hour, and the audience was arranged for 3 a.m. Togo began having the message translated. It was then about 5:30 a.m., December 7, in Hawaii. The Japanese task force was only 250 miles north of Pearl Harbor. More than 2,000 Americans with less than three hours to live slept or played in blissful ignorance of that fact. The hands of clocks in the Foreign Office in Tokyo,
THE W R I T E R ' S JOURNEY M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The Writers Jour...
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