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Oxidation Numbers 
A short list 
Monatomic ions 
 
+1  
 all the alkali  metals  show the +1 oxidation state only 
Cu+1 
copper (I) , cuprous 
H+1 
hydrogen  
Au+1 
gold  (I) 
Li+1 
lithium 
Ag+1 
silver  
Na+1 
sodium 
Tl+1 
thallium (I) 
K+1 
potassium 
Hg +2
2
 
mercury  (I), mercurous 
Rb+1 
rubidium 
 
 
Cs+1 
cesium 
 
+2  
 all the alkaline earth metals show the +2 oxidation state only 
Cu+2 
copper (II), cupric 
Be+2 
beryllium 
Fe+2 
iron  (II), ferrous 
Ca+2 
calcium  
Pb+2 
lead  (II), plumbous 
Mg+2 
magnesium 
Sn+2 
tin (II), stannous 
Sr+2 
strontium 
Cr+2 
chromium  (II) 
Ba+2 
barium 
Ni+2 
nickel  (II) 
Ra+2 
radium 
Zn+2 
zinc  
Cd+2 
cadmium 
Cd+2 
cadmium 
Hg+2 
mercury (II), mercuric 
Mn+2 
manganese  (II) 
Co+2 
cobalt (II), cobaltous 
 
+3  
 all the  IIIA   elements   exhibit  the +3 state, but Tl exhibits +1 as well 
Fe+3 
iron (III), ferric 
B+3 
boron 
Cr+3 
chromium (III) 
Al+3 
aluminum 
Ni+3 
nickel (III) 
Ga+3 
gallium  
Co+3 
cobalt (III), cobaltic 
In+3 
indium 
Au+3 
gold (III) 
Tl+3 
thallium (III) 
Ti+3 
titanium  (III) 
Sc+3 
scandium  
 
+4  
all elements in IVA exhibit the +4 state, but some in IVA exhibit more  than  one state 
C+4 
carbon  
Sn+4 
tin (IV), stannic 
Si+4 
silicon 
Pb+4 
lead (IV), plumbic 
Ge+4 
germanium 
Ti+4 
titanium (IV) 
Mn+4 
manganese (IV) 
 
 
 
-1 
all the halogens exhibit the -1 state;  several  exhibit +  states  in covalent compounds 

F-1 
fluoride 
I-1 
iodide 
Cl-1 
chloride 
H-1 
hydride 
Br-1 
bromide 
 
 
 
-2 
all the chalcogens exhibit the -2 state for ionic compounds; several exhibit + states in covalent compounds 

O-2 
oxide 
Se-2 
selenide 
S-2 
sulfide 
Te-2 
telluride 
 
 

 
r2 f:\files\courses\1110-20\ other  2010 files\oxnumber.docx1/28/2010 

-3 
some of the VA elements exhibit the -3 state for ionic compounds; several exhibit + states in covalent compounds 

N-3 
nitride 
 
 
P-3 
phosphide 
 
 
 
-4 
only carbon exhibits the -4 state for a limited number of ionic compounds 
C-4 
carbide 
 
Polyatomic ions 
 
+1 
the only commonly encountered ion is the ammonium  ion 
NH +
4  
ammonium 
 
-1 

(NO2)-1 
nitrite 
(ClO4)-1 
perchlorate 
(NO3)-1 
nitrate 
(ClO3)-1 
chlorate 
(HSO4)-1 
hydrogen sulfate, bisulfate 
(ClO2)-1 
chlorite 
( HCO3 )-1 
hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate 
(ClO)-1 
hypochlorite  
(HSO3)-1 
hydrogen sulfite, bisulfite 
(IO3)-1 
iodate 
(MnO4)-1 
permanganate 
(BrO3)-1 
bromate 
(OH)-1 
hydroxide 
(C2H3O2)-1 
acetate 
(CN)-1 
cyanide 
(H2PO4)-1 
dihydrogen phosphate  
 
-2 

(SO4)-2 
sulfate 
(CO3)-2 
carbonate 
(CrO4)-2 
chromate 
(SiF6)-2 
hexafluorosilicate 
(Cr2O7)-2 
dichromate 
(C4H4O6)-2 
tartrate 
(C2O4)-2 
oxalate 
(HPO4)-2 
hydrogen phosphate 
 
-3 

(PO4)-3 
phosphate 
(AsO4)-3 
arsenate 
(PO3)-3 
phosphite 
 
 
 
ACIDS (aq) 
 
H2SO4 
sulfuric 
HNO3  
nitric 
H2SO3 
sulfurous 
HNO2 
nitrous 
H2CO3 
carbonic 
HC2H3O2 
acetic 
H3PO4 
phosphoric 
H3BO3  
boric 
H3PO3 
phosphorous 
H2C2O4 
oxalic 
HClO4 
perchloric 
HCl 
hydrochloric 
HClO3 
chloric 
HBr 
hydrobromic 
HClO2 
chlorous 
HF 
hydrofluoric 
HClO 
hypochlorous 
HI 
hydroiodic 
 
 
HCN 
hydrocyanic 
 
H2SO4, HClO4, HClO3, HNO3, HCl, HBr, HI  can be  considered  to be strong acids, ionizing  completely  in most 
cases ; the  rest  are  weak  acids. 
r2 f:\files\courses\1110-20\other 2010 files\oxnumber.docx1/28/2010 

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