sisene ega sellest välju. See tõlgendab ja töötleb nupuvajutusel saadud andmeid, määrates ära, mis korrusele lift sõitma peab. Samuti kontrollib lifti mikroprotsessor, et lift sõidaks õigele korrusele ning et ta hakkaks enne õigele korrusele jõudmist hoogu maha võtma. http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer %20systems/microprocessors/miniweb/pg4.htm A hydraulic elevator system includes a hydraulic jack for raising and lowering the car and a distributed intelligence microprocessor control system, containing a number of subsystems, each having designated control responsibilities. A door operator microprocessor subsystem initiates stored open and close cycles responsive to external commands. A selector microprocessor subsystem determines target floor and distance values, produces slowdown interrupt signals when the car nears a target floor, and produces levelling signals for stopping the car at a landing. A car logic controller includes a microprocessor for issuing run
kontrollimine. Sensorite abil teeb see kindlaks, et uste sulgumise ajal keegi lifti ei sisene ega sellest välju. See tõlgendab ja töötleb nupuvajutusel saadud andmeid, määrates ära, mis korrusele lift sõitma peab. Samuti kontrollitakse, kas lift sõidab õigele korrusele ning et ta hakkaks enne kohale jõudmist hoogu maha võtma.[6] (Foto 5. Puutetudlik juhtpaneel liftis) Allikad 1. http://arduino.cc/forum/index.php?topic=118517.0 2. http://www.ehow.com/list_6109446_uses-microprocessor.html 3. http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/intel-innovation/intel-innovation-computing- in-unexpected-advertorial-brief.html 4. http://blogs.intel.com/embedded/2011/10/intel_computing_in_unexpected/? wapkw=places 5. http://engawanjalla.hubpages.com/hub/Smart-Clothing-Fact-or-Myth 6. http://www.teach-ict.com/gcse_new/computer %20systems/microprocessors/miniweb/pg4.htm 7. http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/car-computer1.htm 8
plane and the vertical circle is placed into a vertical plane (horizontal and vertical angles can be measured in their proper planes). Earlier total stations had bubble tubes for levelling, later ones use automatic compensators. A surveyor roughly levels the total station using its leveling screws (three of them), then the magnitude of any leveling errors present are received by the instrument’s microprocessor, which will make appropriate corrections to the values of the measured horizontal and vertical angles. At first it is needed to firmly set up the tripod (as horizontal as possible with the eye), then it is needed to secure the total station on the tripod with a centering screw. Then it is convenient to use plumb bobs for approximate centering before using the plummets. Probably is necessary to move the tripod a little in the centering process
Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, 2ms a) 20 MHz? =40000 counts 50 ns 2ms b) 18 MHz? =36 000 counts 55,55 ns What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Between 20MHz and 18MHz are 4000 counts. Question 2 Consider the following diagram The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 100ns.
Contents Preface ix Introduction xi 1 System Design 1 Dynamic Range 1 Calibration 2 Bandwidth 5 Processor Throughput 6 Avoiding Excess Speed 7 Other System Considerations 8 Sample Rate and Aliasing 11 2 Digital-to-Analog Converters 13 Analog-to-Digital Converters 15 Types of ADCs 17 Sample and Hold 26 Real Parts 29 Microprocessor Interfacing 30 Serial Interfaces 36 Multichannel ADCs 41 Internal Microcontroller ADCs 41 Codecs 42 Interrupt Rate 43 Dual-Function Pins on Microcontrollers 43 Design Checklist 45 v 3 Sensors 47 Temperature Sensors 47 Optical Sensors 59 CCDs 72 Magnetic Sensors 82
Homework-04 Solution (100 marks) Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, a) 20 MHz? b) 18 MHz? What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Solution: 1 1 a) Converse 20 MHz to time length: T 0.00005ms f 20,000,000 2ms Number of counts in 2ms: N 40,000 0.00005ms 1 1 b) Converse 18 MHz to time length: T 0.000055556ms
ARVUTITE KOLM PÕLVKANDA II. Põlvkond transistor arvutid I. põlvkond lamparvutid III. Põlvkond integraalskeemidel põhinevad arvutid Tarkvara areng koos põlvkondadega I Jäiga ühe programmi täitmisega II multitöö ja katkestused, programmeerimiskeeled III OS keerukad programmeerimiskeeled ja andmebaasid IBM 701 1952 1958 Invention of the IC by Jack Kilbyat Texas Instruments IBM 360-40 1964 First microprocessor: Intel 4004 1971 The first commercial 4-bit microprocessor 4004: -2,300 transistors -10 µm features -10 mm2 die -108 kHz kHz 1974... Intel releases its 2MHz 8080 chip, an 8bit microprocessor. It can access 64KB of memory. It uses 6000 transistors, based on 6micron technology. Speed is 0.64 MIPS. In a desperate act to save his failing calculator company, MITS company owner Ed Roberts begins building a small
Thompson re-wrote Space Travel game in assembly language for Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-7 with help from Dennis Ritchie. This experience, combined with his work on the Multics project, led Thompson to start a new operating system for the PDP-7. Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated is founded. Intel's Marcian (Ted) Hoff designs an integrated circuit chip that could receive instructions, and perform simple functions on data. The design becomes the 4004 microprocessor. Intel announces a 1 KB RAM chip, which has a significantly larger capacity than any previously produced memory chip. Bill Gates and Paul Allen, calling themselves the "Lakeside Programming Group" sign an agreement with Computer Center Corporation to report bugs in PDP-10 software, in exchange for computer time. Gary Starkweather, at Xerox's research facility in Webster, New York, demonstrates using a laser beam with the xerography process to create a laser printer.
Socket 7 - The form factor for fifth-generation CPU chips from Intel, Cyrix, and AMD. All Pentium chips, except Intel's Pentium Pro (Socket 8) and Pentium II (Slot 1), conform to the Socket 7 specifications. Intel has decided to phase out Socket 7 and replace it with Slot 1. But Intel's competitors, such as AMD and Cyrix, are sticking with Socket 7, and are developing an enhanced version. Socket 8 - The form factor for Intel's Pentium Pro microprocessors. The Pentium Pro was the first microprocessor not to use the venerable Socket 7 form factor. The Pentium II microprocessors use an even newer form factor called Slot 1. Socket 8 is a 387-pin ZIF socket with connections for the CPU and one or two SRAM dies for the Level 2 (L2) cache. Slot 1 - The form factor for Intel's Pentium II processors. The Slot 1 package replaces the Socket 7 and Socket 8 form factors used by previous Pentium processors. Slot 1 is a 242-
and contain 8 bits per character and 20 characters per string. Write pseudocode that will compare the strings without case sensitivity and return a Boolean result in variable Y indicating whether the strings match or not. == 8. Y = true for i from 1 to 20 for j from 1 to 8, excluding 3 // first bit is spared (omitted) and the second (third) bit for upper bitindex = j + (i-1)*8 if S1[bitindex] ≠ S2[bitindex] Y = false Exit loop end end end == CPU architecture 9. Suppose a microprocessor adds the numbers shown below respectively. In each instance explain the influence of the computation on the flag register in terms of each of the flag bits Z, N, C, and V. Assume the processor can handle 8-bit binary values using a two’s compliment representation. a) 60 + 80 b) 60 – 80 == The N, Z, C, and V bits are the condition code flags, conditions code flags to be set or cleared (0 or 1). 1. N = 0; Z = 0; C = 0; V = 0 2. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 0; V = 0 3. N = 0; Z = 1; C = 1; V = 0 4
Write pseudocode that will compare the strings without case sensitivity and return a Boolean result in variable Y indicating whether the strings match or not. Y = true; for i from 1 to 20; for j from 1 to 8, excluding 3; //first bit is spared (omitted) and the second (third) bit for upper bitindex = j + (i-1) ∗8; if S1[bitindex] =! S2[bitindex]; Y = false; Exit loop; end; end; end; CPU architecture 9. Suppose a microprocessor adds the numbers shown below respectively. In each instance explain the influence of the computation on the flag register in terms of each of the flag bits Z, N, C, and V. Assume the processor can handle 8-bit binary values using a two’s compliment representation. a) 60 + 80 b) 60 – 80 Range from -128 to 127. Equation Result Z N C V Comment
He demonstrates use of a word processor, a hypertext system, and remote collaborative work with colleagues. 1969 AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer. Advanced Micro Devices Incorporated is founded. [141] Intel's Marcian (Ted) Hoff designs an integrated circuit chip that could receive instructions, and perform simple functions on data. The design becomes the 4004 microprocessor. Intel announces a 1 KB RAM chip, which has a significantly larger capacity than any previously produced memory chip. Bill Gates and Paul Allen, calling themselves the "Lakeside Programming Group" sign an agreement with Computer Center Corporation to report bugs in PDP-10 software, in exchange for computer time. Microsystems International is incorporated to manufacture microchips. The company was formerly the Advanced Devices Centre of Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company (Canada).
Mõni b ei ole a 1969 - AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis süllogism on väitlus, kus mingitest etteantud väidetest (eeldustest) järeldub Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer. paratamatult uus väide 1970 - Intel creates the first 4004 microprocessor. Schickard 1625: väitis ehitanud olema liitva, lahutava, korrutava, jagava masina 1971 - Computer-to-computer Communication expanded when the Department Kristlik filosoof Blaise Pascal 1640: aritmeetiline masin: ainult liitis ja lahutas of Defense established four nodes on the ARPANET Saksa filosoof 1646-1716, Leibnizi arvuti (1671) liitis, lahutas, korrutas, jagas As Nolan felt he didn't receive enough pay, he created his own company:
Cobol: 1960, common business oriented language Lisp: 1960, AI jaoks proge keel Pdp-1: 1960, esimene ekraaniga arvuti, DEC poolt tehtud System 360: 1964, IBM, arvuti Moore’i seadus: Transistorite arv kiibis double’b iga 2 aastaga Intel: 1968, Gordon Moore Amd: 1969, Sanders Engelbart: Arvuti hiir Unix: 1969, AT&T UNIX op systeem Esimene mikroprotsessor: 1971, 4004 microprocessor, esimene protsessor xTee: riigi andmevahetus süsteem, keskus, riigi info süsteem 4. Nädal. Eksamiks:sql, arpanet, atari, cp/m, winchester, altair, alto, unix ja C, microsofti algus, apple algus, 1977 koduarvutid, visicalc, apple II, symbolics, ibm pc, sun, oracle, macintosh, apple ja microsofti tooteliinid. Tekstitöötlus: lihttekst, WYSIWYG, kooditabel, ascii, unicode, utf-8, mis on latex, markdown. Sql: 1970, andmebaasi proge keel
Located 45 degrees above the mirror is what is called a focusing screen. The image is transmitted to this screen and then to a pentaprism located above, which inverts the image a second time before the photographer sees it through the viewfinder. Focusing is basically manipulating the amount of light entering the lens. The photographer achieves proper focus by rotating the lens on different axis. In case of auto-focus cameras, this is done automatically using a microprocessor, a rangefinder and a miniature motor, which rotate the lens by sensing the amount of light present and the range of focus. This type of camera has a moveable mirror behind the lens which reflects an image through a five-sided prism (pentaprism) or pair of mirrors, onto a glass screen (the viewfinder). This means the photographer sees exactly the same image that will be exposed on the recording medium (film or digital CCD).
Francisco's Civic Center. He demonstrates use of a word processor, a hypertext system, and remote collaborative work with colleagues. 1969 AT&T Bell Laboratories programmers Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie developed the UNIX operating system on a spare DEC minicomputer. Intel ja AMD arenesid välja Fairchild Semiconductorsitest, mis arenes välja Shockley Semiconductorist 1970 Intel creates the first 4004 microprocessor. 1969 The first microprocessor – CPU 1971 The first commercial 4-bit microprocessor 4004: -2,300 transistors -10 µm features -10 mm2 die -108 kHz kHz Loeng 4 1971 Computer-to-computer Communication expanded when the Department of Defense established four nodes on the ARPANET: the University of California-Santa Barbara and UCLA, SRI International, and the University of Utah. 1972
kontrolli võrgu paketid lihtsa vormi. LNS Plug-in Source aitab tõhustada ja laiendada oma lemmik LNS vahendeid selle ulatuslikku tasuta Echelon ja kolmanda osapoole pluginaid. 4.2 Arendaja tööriistad FTXL Developer's Kit - Tasuta vahend hoone LonWorks-toega tooteid kasutades FTXL 3190 transiiver lahendus. LNS® Application Developer's Kit Arengumaade jaoks tarkvararakenduste ja tööriistad LonWorks võrkudes. Microprocessor Interface Program (MIP) Developer's Kit Võimaldab toote peamine mikroprotsessor kasutada Neuron ® kiip nagu kaasprotsessor kontrolli võrgurakendustest kuni 4096 võrgustiku muutujad. Mini FX Evaluation Kit - Toetab hindamine LonWorks kontrolli võrgustike kaudu kirjalikult, koostamise ja laadimise rakenduste seadmed varustatud Neuron- protsessoriga. LNS DDE Server - Kasutamise DDE või SuiteLink ühilduv Microsoft ® Windows ®
võimaldada andmeedastuskanalite kaudu liigutada andmeid erinevate emaplaadil paiknevate komponentide vahel, samas varustades neid sobiva toitepingega, mis saadakse toiteplokist. Protsessor Protsessor (CPU Central Processing Unit) on kesktöötlusseade, arvuti "aju", mis juhib kõiki arvutis toimuvaid protsesse. Protsessor on väike komplektne arvutusmasin, mis on mahutatud ühte kiipi (Chip) ehk mikroskeemi, siit ka sageli kasutatav nimetus: mikroprotsessor (microprocessor). Igal protsessoril on kaks põhikomponenti: · ALU (Arithmetic/Logic Unit), aritmeetika-loogikaseade, mis teostab aritmeetilisi ja loogikatehteid · Juhtplokk, mis võtab mälust käske, dekodeerib ja täidab neid, pöördudes vajadusel ALU poole Erinevad emaplaadid toetavad erinevate tootjate protsessoreid ja erinevaid protsessori kiiruseid. Ühed emaplaadid toetavad Inteli poolt toodetavaid protsessoreid, teised AMD poolt toodetavaid protsessoreid. Emaplaadist sõltub ka see, kui kiiret
Internal Compiler Error ICES Interference-Causing Equipment Standard ICF Internet Connection Firewall [Microsoft] ICI Image Component Information + Inter-CPU Interrupts ICL Interface Clear ICLID Incoming-Call Line Identification ICM Image Color Matching [Kodak] + Incoming Message .ICM Image Color Management (file name extension) ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell] .ICO Icon (file name extension) ICOMP (iCOMP)Intel Comparative Microprocessor Performance [Intel] ICP Image Coprocessor + Integrated Channel Processor ICQ I Seek You (messaging program0 ICR Intelligent Character Recognition ICS Internet Connection Sharing [Microsoft] + Intuitive Command Structure ICSAPI Internet Connection Services API ICU Instruction-Cache Unit + Intel Configuration Utility [Microsoft] + ISA Configuration Utility ID Identification + Identifier IDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array +
the coil and then to the drain. The flow rate of the water was measured using a calibrated rotameter. The coil was located inside the hot water rectangular bath with dimensions of 45,5 X 21,1 cm with no baffles. The height of the coil was 6,2 cm, the diameter of helix was 17,4 cm, the length of the tube in spiral was 4,72 m, and the internal diameter of the tube was 7,3mm and external diameter 1,1cm. The bath was heated with a Bioblock Scientific polystat microprocessor controlled electrical resistance. The agitation system was composed by a propeller fitted to a Heidloph Type RZR1 mixer. The speed of the agitator could be changed with the speed reducing controller. The temperature of the bath was measured with a simple Micro-tech electronic thermometer. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the water flowing inside the coil were measured with a calibrated thermocouples K type, which were linked to Testo 922 device.
G., M. F. Schlecht, and G. C. Verghese, Principles of Power Electronics, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1992. 738 p. 30. Kazmierkowski, M. P. and H. Tunia, Automatic Control of Converter-Fed Drives, Amsterdam; NY: Elsevier; Warszawa: PWN, Polish Scientific Publishers, 1994. 559 p. ISBN: 044498660X 31. Kazmierkowski, M. P. (editor), Control in Power Electronics: Selected Problems, Amsterdam; NY: Academic Press, 2002. 518 p. ISBN: 0124027725 32. Kenjo, T., Power Electronics for the Microprocessor Age, Oxford [England]; NY: Oxford University Press, 1990. 349 p. ISBN: 0198563302 33. Khanna, V. K., The Industrial Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT. Piscataway (NY): IEEE Press; Hoboken, NY: Wiley Interscience. 2003. 627 p. ISBN: 0471238457 34. Krein, P. T., Elements of Power Electronics, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998. 766 p. ISBN: 0195117018 35. Kyyra, J., Suuntaajatekniikka, Helsinki: Teknillinen korkeakoulu, 1995. 328 p. 36. Lander, C. W
system The EEC IV (Electronic Engine Control IV) module is a microprocessor-based system containing within its memory the necessary strategy and calibration data. It provides control signals to the output actuators
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