Tony Hawk Tony Hawk was born in San Diego, California (1968). Tony was the youngest of 4 children; he has one brother, Steve, and two sisters, Lenore and Patricia. In his autobiography, Tony described himself as a "hyperactive demon child". Tony Hawk was nine years old when his brother changed his life by giving him a blue fiberglass banana board. His father built a skating ramp in the backyard, in hopes that skateboarding would be an outlet for young Tony's energy. Tony Hawk is now a professional skateboarder. He is considered the most successful person of modern vertical skateboarding. Tony is credited with the invention of many aerial skateboard
Born and raised in Arkansas, Bill became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He met and later married Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senetor of New York from 2001 to 2009. They both recived a law degree from Yale Law School. As a Governor of Arkansas, Bill overhauled the state's education system. Clinton was elected president in 1992, defeating president George H. W. Bush. In 2004, he released his autobiography ,,My Life". Clinton left office with the highest end-of-office approval rating of any U.S. president since World War II.
1915 - 10 October 1963) Belleville, Paris. living with her mother ,after moved to grandmother's. At the age of 3-7 she was blind as a result of Keratitis the Little Sparrow First time to sing in public was at the age of 14 She was discovered by Louis Leplee. "La Vie en Rose" , "Hymne a L'amour", "La foule" 80 albums Music Her music has influenced many French singers. Her greatest strength was the purity of her voice She preferred melancholy Books about Piaf The Wheel Of Fortune: The Autobiography of Édith Piaf by Édith Piaf (originally written in 1958, 5 years before her death), Peter Owen Publishers; Édith Piaf, by Édith Piaf and Simone Berteaut, published January 1982; The Piaf Legend, by David Bret, Robson Books,1988. Films Piaf played in many movies, such as "French Cancan (1954) by Jean Renoir Three movies about Piaf. The latest movie recieved an Oscar for the best female actress(Marion Cotillard) Songs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kFRuLFR91 Non, je ne regrette rien
Viies tase 25. Ameerika Ühendriikide asepresident 26. Ameerika Ühendriikide president Raamatud Klõpsake juhtslaidi teksti laadide redigeerimiseks Teine tase Kolmas tase Kirjutas 18 raamatut Neljas tase Näited: Autobiography, The Viies tase Rough Riders, History of the Naval War of 1812 "The Winning of the West" oli ta parim raamat Sõjad ja autasud HispaaniaAmeerika sõda Klõpsake juhtslaidi teksti laadide redigeerimiseks Aitas juhtida Esimest USA Teine tase Vabatahtlike ratsaväe Kolmas tase rügementi
successful firm called Adams Express · Later he invested money in sleeping cars for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company · In 1865, he resigned to establish his own business enterprises and eventually organized the Carnegie Steel Company, which launched the steel industry in Pittsburgh · At age sixty-five, he sold the company to J. P. Morgan for $480 million · He devoted the rest of his life to his philanthropic activities and writing, including his autobiography. Philosophy, writings · Carnegie wrote The Gospel of Wealth, in which he stated his belief that the rich should use their wealth to help enrich society · Triumphant Democracy (1886) · The Law of Success (1928), · During his lifetime, Carnegie gave away over $350 million · He died in Lenox, Massachusetts, on August 11, 1919 · He is interred in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York. References · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carne
My favourite book My favorite book is called "Ma suudan hüpata üle lompide".It is written by Australian writer Alan Marshall. It is Alan Marshall`s autobiography. He talks about himself and about his life.I think that probably I like this book so much, because it is written of real persons life. The book began with birth of Alan and ended, when his family had to move. In the very beginnig of the book Alan gets paralysed and after that his muscles started to shrink and because of that his legs were crooked. Doctor`s only idea was that they should press Alan`s legs straight. It was hard work to his mother, because she had to do this and try to heal his
....................................................................................................3 Life as a slave...................................................................................................................3 Early education................................................................................................................ 3 Abolitionist activities.......................................................................................................4 Autobiography................................................................................................................. 5 Travels to Europe.............................................................................................................5 Pre-Civil War...................................................................................................................6 Lincoln's death.........................................................................................................
Partners in Crime Agatha Christie About the Author Dame Agatha Christie (15 September 1890 12 January 1976) is the most widely published author of all time. In a career that spanned more than fifty years, Christie wrote eighty novels and short-story collections, nineteen plays and five nonfiction books, including her autobiography. Her most popular characters are the ingenious Belgian Hercule Poirot and Miss Jane Marple. She achieved Britain's highest honor when she was made a Dame of the British Empire. The Book This book is a short-story collection about two characters who are not as popular as Poirot or Miss Marple. They are Tommy and Tuppence Beresford, a married couple. Tommy works for some kind of a agency which tells them to run a detective agency to catch a Russian spy
$73 million (2014) Personal life ● Father died of an alcoholism-related liver condition in 2005 ● Became a father in 2010 following the birth of a son (Cristiano) ● Ronaldo announced that he had full custody ● Dating Russian model Irina Shayk (since 2010) ● Ronaldo does not have tattoos ● Doesn't smoke or drink Other facts ● At the age of 15 Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart ● Ronaldo's autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007 ● Ronaldo will sprint 900 times more in a season than an Olympic sprinter ● BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: 2014 ● The most expensive footballer in history: 2009– 2013 Used materials ● http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo# cite_note-525 ● http://www.boomsbeat.com/articles/5289/20140 616/50-interesting-facts-about-cristiano-
[12] Her family is believed to have been Anglo-Spanish originally; and possibly related to the Sepulvedas. [13] For many years it was believed Gladys' second husband Martin Edward Mortenson (18971981) was Monroe's father. His name was listed on her birth certificate. [14] Foster homes Mentally unstable and unable to care for Monroe, Gladys placed her with foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender of Hawthorne, California, where she lived until she was seven.[15] In her autobiography My Story, Monroe states she believed Albert was a woman. One day, Gladys announced she bought a house. A few months after they had moved in, Gladys suffered a breakdown. In My Story, Monroe recalls her mother "screaming and laughing" as she was forcibly removed to the State Hospital in Norwalk. According to My Sister Marilyn, Gladys's brother, Marion, hung himself upon his release from an asylum, and Della's father did the same in a fit of depression.
in political science. Obama entered Harvard Law School in 1988. In February 1990, he was elected the first AfricanAmerican editor of the Harvard Law Review. After working at Business International Corporation (a company that provided international business information to corporate clients), Obama moved to Chicago in 1985. There he worked as a community organizer with low-income residents in Chicago's Roseland community. Obama published an autobiography in 1995 Dreams From My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance. And he won a Grammy for the audio version of the book. Obama's advocacy work let him to run for the Illinois State Senate as a Democrat. He was elected in 1996 from the south side neighborhood of Hyde Park. Barack Obama's wife and children In June 1989, Obama met Michelle Robinson, who later became his wife. On that time he was employed as a summer associate at the Chicago law firm of Sidley Austin. Robinson joined
MY OPINION This year I knew that I wanted to read G.Orwell for the Home reading book. When I was in the library I first took the book ,,1984". I had started to read it I found out that it had been translated into Estonian and it had been made into a movie. I knew that the ,,Animal Farm" is readable in Estonian too. I had no chance, but to choose ,,The Road to Wigan Pier". I first fought it was a novel, but after reading two chapters I found out it was an autobiography. But it was very fassinating to read about the life in United Kingdom in 1930s. And I really enjoyed reading about Orwells thoughts, his life and socialism. I got a lot smarter thanks to this book and it was really interesting to read.
a 15 year old girl's life imprisonment. The film was shown in prime-time on the ITV Network by Granada Television. § She also wrote the screenplay for the 1980 BBC miniseries adaptation of Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul. § In 1989, she contributed to the book for the Petula Clark West End musical Someone Like You. § Her memoir "Auto Da Fay" was published in 2002. Characteristics of her works § Main genres: Autobiography, Children, Criticism, Drama, Fiction, Non-fiction, Screenplay, Short stories § Her works has been associated with feminism. In her fiction, Weldon typically portrays contemporary women who find themselves trapped in oppressive situations caused by the patriarchal structure of western, and in particular British, society. § For example her book "The Spa Decameron" tells a story about high-achieving ladies, at the remote and
loves romantic novels 6. Kuulus auhind kaasaaegse ilukirjanduse eest Famous price for modern fiction 7. Kas sulle meeldib ulmekirjandus Do you like science fiction 8. Uus psühholoogiline põnevik new psychological thriller 9. Novelli või lühijuttude kogumik A collection of short stories 10. Kas sa oled kunagi lugenud elulugusid või autobiograafiat Have you ever read any biographies or autobiography 11. Selleks, et lõpetada oma uurimustöö ma pean konsulteerima teadmeteoseid ja sõnaraamatuid to finish my research paper i need to consult some reference books ot encyclopedias or dictionaries 12. Ta oli oma põlvkonna üks meeldivamaid kirjanikke He was one of the finest writers of his generation 13. Üks minu lemmik autor one of my favourite authors 14. Üks 19.saj romaanikirjanikke one of the greatest 19 century novelists 15
Ray Krock endale kindlaks pakkuda head teenindust ja stantartset toitu mõistlike hindadega ja teenida selle varjus kinnisvaraga jätkuvalt aina suuremat tulu. 6 VIIDATUD ALLIKAD 1. Gross, D. Forbes greatest business stories of all time. New York: Wiley, 1997, pp 177-192. 2. Hattwick R.E. Ray Krock foundor McDonald's [http://www.anbhf.org/laureates/rkroc.htm] 10.05.2010 3. Krock, R. Biography / Autobiography / Memoir resources [http://www.biographyshelf.com/ray_kroc_biography.html] 10.05.2010 4. McDonald's 2009 Financial Report [http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/etc/medialib/aboutMcDonalds/investor_relations0 .Par.6540.File.dat/McD_2009_AR_Final_032910.pdf] 10.05.2010 7
õpetades neid valmistumisel Tema peatsekstagasitulekuks. Kasutatud kirjandus Sissejuhatus http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seitsmenda_P%C3%A4eva_Adventistide_kogudus Ajalugu, Missioon, ADRA, Kokkuvõte http://www.advent.ee/info/317/kes-me-oleme/ Taavetlaste Haru http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_Davidian David Koresh 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Koresh 2. Bergen, Teresa. Memories of the Branch Davidians: The Autobiography of David Koresh's Mother Oral History Review.:Vol.35, nr., 2, (2008), lk. 204-206. 8
books are expensive, and not everyone can (4) books from a library. They might add that television is more (5) and that viewers can relax as they watch their favourite (6) All that may be true, but books are still very (7) They encourage the reader to use his or her (8) for a start. You can read a (9) of a book, or just a few pages, and then stop. Of course, it may be so (10) that you can't stop! There are many different kinds of books, so you can choose a crime (11) or an autobiography, or a book which gives you interesting (12) If you find it hard to choose, you can read (13) , or ask friends for ideas. Personally, I can't (14) without books, but I can (15) up television easily enough. You can't watch television at bus stops! 1) A in B or C why D since 2) A entertain B entertainment C entertained D entertaining 3) A paperback B the C so D when
Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania. He was an early proponent of colonial unity, and as a political writer and activist he supported the idea of an American nation.As a diplomat during the American Revolution he secured the French alliance that helped to make independence of the United States possible. A year after Benjamin Franklin's death, his autobiography, entitled "Memoires De La Vie Privee," was published in Paris in March of 1791. The first English translation, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. Originally Written By Himself, And Now Translated From The French," was published in London in 1793. Known today as "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin," this classic piece of Americana was originally written for Franklin's son William, then the Governor of New Jersey. Noah Webster
The second, the addresses on the letters, which the Scotland Yard uses to identify that the envelopes were all "typed by someone using only one finger" in order to avoid a 'touch', which could be recognised as one certain person. The Moving Finger was one of Christie's favourite books, and in her autobiography she recalls the experience of writing it during the difficult time of the Second World War. ''It is a great test to re-read what one has written some seventeen or eighteen years later. One's view changes. Some do not stand the test of time, others do.'' The moving Finger has successfully been adapted for television, firstly in 1985 and the latest film in 2006, starring James D'Arcy as Jerry, Talulah Riley as Megan and Emilia Fox as Joanna, as seen on previous pictures. My opinion:
Kipling's days of "strong light and darkness" in Bombay were to end when he was five years old.[21] As was the custom in British India, he and his three-year-old sister, Alice (or "Trix"), were taken to England--in their case to Southsea (Portsmouth), to be cared for by a couple that took in children of British nationals living in India. The two children would live with the couple, Captain and Mrs. Holloway, at their house, Lorne Lodge, for the next six years. In his autobiography, published some 65 years later, Kipling would recall this time with horror, and wonder ironically if the combination of cruelty and neglect he experienced there at the hands of Mrs. Holloway might not have hastened the onset of his literary life. She ruled the boarding house with fire and brimstone and Kipling was often beaten by her and her son. "Then the old Captain died, and I was sorry, for he was the only person in that house as far as I can remember who ever threw me a kind word."--ibid
second wife (Jean Lena Annette, Denis Percy Stewart (17 March 1909 9 March 1955), second husband in 1936 of Georgian Princess Nina Mdivani (circa 1910 19 February 1987) (former sister-in-law of Barbara Hutton), and Adrian Malcolm). Portrait of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle by Sidney Paget, 1897. In 1890, Conan Doyle studied the eye in Vienna; he moved to London in 1891 to set up a practice as an ophthalmologit. He wrote in his autobiography that not a single patient crossed his door. This gave him more time for writing, and in November 1891 he wrote to his mother: "I think of slaying Holmes... and winding him up for good and all. He takes my mind from better things." His mother responded, saying, "You may do what you deem fit, but the crowds will not take this lightheartedly." In December 1893, he did so in order to dedicate more of his time to more "important" works (his historical novels).
received the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 1997 for the book's audio recording. The title refers to an African proverb that states ''It takes a village to raise a child.'' Other books released by Clinton when she was First Lady include ''Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets'' (1998) and ''An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History'' (2000). In 2001, she wrote the foreword to the childrens' book ''Beatrice's Goat''. In 2003, Clinton released a 562-page autobiography, ''Living History''. In anticipation of high sales, publisher Simon & Schuster paid Clinton a near-record advance of $8 million. The book sed a first- week sales record for a nonfiction work, went on to sell more than one million copies in the first month following publication, and was translated into twelve foreign languages. Clinton's audio recording of the book earned her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Spolen Word Album. References: http://www.notablebiographies
Blandings Castle by P.G. Wodehouse Wodehouse was an acknowledged master of English prose admired both by contemporaries and by modern writers. He has been called "English literature's performing flea", a derogatory description that Wodehouse cherished and adopted as the title of his autobiography. Best known today for the Jeeves and Blandings Castle novels and short stories, Wodehouse was also a talented playwright and lyricist who was part author and writer of fifteen plays and of 250 lyrics for some thirty musical comedies. Wodehouse took a modest attitude to his own works. In Over Seventy (1957) he wrote: "I go in for what is known in the trade as 'light writing' and those who do that humorists they are sometimes called are looked down upon by the intelligentsia and
aasta raamatu ümbertöötatud ingliskeelne väljaanne) · 1961 The Poverty of Historicism (eesti keeles "Historitsismi viletsus" 2000 Hillar Tali tõlkes) · 1963 "Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge" (Oletused ja ümberlükkamised; teaduslike teadmiste kasv) · 1972 "Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach" (Objektiivne teadmine: evolutsiooniline lähenemine) · 1976 "Unended Quest; An Intellectual Autobiography" (Lõppematu otsing: intellektuaalne autobiograafia) · 1977 "The Self and Its Brain: An Argument for Interactionism" · 1982 "The Open Universe: An Argument for Indeterminism" (Avatud universum: argument indeterminismi kasuks) · 1982 "Realism and the Aim of Science" (Realism ja teaduse eesmärk) · 1994 "The Myth of the Framework: In Defence of Science and Rationality" · 1994 "Knowledge and the Mind-Body Problem: In Defence of Interactionism"
aasta raamatu ümbertöötatud ingliskeelne väljaanne) · 1961 The Poverty of Historicism (eesti keeles "Historitsismi viletsus" 2000 Hillar Tali tõlkes) · 1963 "Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge" (Oletused ja ümberlükkamised; teaduslike teadmiste kasv) · 1972 "Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach" (Objektiivne teadmine: evolutsiooniline lähenemine) · 1976 "Unended Quest; An Intellectual Autobiography" (Lõppematu otsing: intellektuaalne autobiograafia) · 1977 "The Self and Its Brain: An Argument for Interactionism" · 1982 "The Open Universe: An Argument for Indeterminism" (Avatud universum: argument indeterminismi kasuks) · 1982 "Realism and the Aim of Science" (Realism ja teaduse eesmärk) · 1994 "The Myth of the Framework: In Defence of Science and Rationality" · 1994 "Knowledge and the Mind-Body Problem:In Defence of Interactionism"
celluloid) and kinetic sculptor. His works can be viewed at the Govett-Brewster Gallery in New Plymouth, which specializes in the works of New Zealand sculptors. Prose and Poetry Novelist Janet Frame realized her love for writing ever since she was a mere child growing up in a poor South Island family. Born in 1924, Frame has published over 20 novels, four collections of stories, poetry and children's books, and three volumes of autobiography - To the Island, An Angel at My Table, and The Envoy From Mirror City. Other Maori and Pacific Island post-colonial novelists include Witi Ihmaera, Patricia Grace, and Albert Wendt. All have had an impact on the New Zealand literary scene in the 1980s and '90s. Award winning novelist Keri Hulme achieved worldwide literary status with her Booker Prize winning novel, The Bone People, in 1985 and is still writing from her home in the South Island. New Zealand Food & Wine
identity is a product of a story. Postmodern interested in metanarratives, in re-‐telling, re-‐writing, and re-‐thinking them. Her works are very explicit but the voice of what is “proper” is always present. Oranges are not the Only Fruit (1985) – her autobiography. The PowerBook (2000) – cyberspace vs. the meatspace (the real world) – language is a costume. The idea of the panopticon. Post-‐colonialism in feminist literature. Issues of ethnicity and culture. Zadie Smith (1975) is an English novelist, essayist and short story writer
Life of Alexander Nevsky offers a well-known example. Other Russian literary monuments include Zadonschina, Physiologist, Synopsis and A Journey Beyond the Three Seas. Bylinas oral folk epics fused Christian and pagan traditions. Medieval Russian literature had an overwhelmingly religious character and used an adapted form of the Church Slavonic language with many South Slavic elements. The first work in colloquial Russian, the autobiography of the archpriest Avvakum, emerged only in the mid-17th century. After taking the throne at the end of the 17th century, Peter the Great's influence on the Russian culture would extend far into the 18th century. Peter's reign during the beginning of the 18th century initiated a series of modernizing changes in Russian literature. The reforms he implemented encouraged Russian artists and scientists to make innovations in their crafts
üldiselt pealkirja ja ilmumisaasta järele koos lühendiga koost. või toim. Nt: Mis on koolilapsel muret? (1997). Toim. L. Mehilane. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Psühhiaatriakliinik. Ingliskeelses kirjanduses asetatakse koostaja(te)/toimetaja(te) nimi/nimed autori positsioonile koos sulgudes järgneva märkega (Ed.) või (Eds.), saksa keeles (Hrsg.). Nt: Stanton, D. C. (Ed.). (1987). The female autograph: Theory and practice of autobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 8.6.1.2. Artiklid Artikli kirje koosneb kahest põhiosast: andmetest artikli ja andmetest väljaande kohta, milles artikkel on avaldatud. Artiklid kogumikus. Artikli autor. Ilmumisaasta sulgudes. Artikli pealkiri. Lühend sõnast "raamatus" (Rmt. või ingliskeelsete teoste puhul In) kogumiku autor(id) või toimetaja, sulgudes märkega Toim.; ingliskeelsetel Ed./Eds.; saksakeelsetel Hrsg.. Kogumiku pealkiri kaldkirjas. Trükikordusandmed
jaoks sugugi nii sümpaatne ja lahe tegelane nagu ta tundunud oli. Aga eks kõik inimesed muutuvad. SUMMARY Mihkel's past has been very diverse. Despite his rebellious rock career and profound love for alcohol he is quite a different person today. Looking at him now you wouldn't even guess that he's one of the most anarchistic rockstars of 1980s Estonia who has felt the lifestyle's rougher side- alcoholism that brought him close to death. In 2008 Mihkel published an autobiography about 1980s rock music and his journeys, which turned out to be successful here. He has achieved a lot in his life within Estonia - fame and careers in television, literature, and music - and now he's also expected to work miracles in politics. At least I hope he stands for the interests of the Estonian nation. His key to success is determination, overcoming of obstacles and diversity. 21 KASUTATUD ALLIKAD http://et.wikipedia
We've rarely benefited from them, and each time, policy decisions have eroded civil liberties at home and pummeled our reputation abroad. Now the fusions of marketplace, foreign policy, and religious ideologies have driven us into a world crisis, but our national narrative has not changed, and we are unable to break through to a clearer understanding of who we are and how we should be conducting ourselves on the world stage. Henry James's psychological realism. All fiction is in part autobiography, and any autobiography is partly a fiction--a great novelist is perhaps most of all. Like one of his characters, Henry James was an artist reconnoitering socity, a "passionate pilgrim" in search of experience. Born into a wealthy cultured family, Henry James one of the few authors in American literary history who did not have to worry about money. His father, Henry James, Sir was an imminent philosopher and
üldiselt pealkirja ja ilmumisaasta järele koos lühendiga koost. või toim. Nt: Mis on koolilapsel muret? (1997). Toim. Mehilane, L. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Psühhiaatriakliinik. Inglisekeelses kirjanduses asetatakse koostaja(te)/toimetaja(te) nimi/nimed autori positsioonile koos sulgudes järgneva märkega (Ed.) või (Eds.), saksa keeles (Hrsg). Nt: Stanton, D. C. (Ed.). (1987). The female autograph: Theory and practice of autobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 6.1.2. Artiklid Artikli kirje koosneb kahest põhiosast: andmetest artikli ja andmetest väljaande kohta, milles artikkel on avaldatud. Artiklid kogumikus: Artikli autor. Ilmumisaasta sulgudes. Artikli pealkiri. Lühend sõnast "raamatus" (Rmt. või ingliskeelsete teeoste puhul In) kogumiku autor(id) või toimetaja, sulgudes märkega Toim.; ingliskeelsetel Ed./Eds.; saksakeelsetel Hrsg.. Kogumiku pealkiri kaldkirjas. Trükikordusandmed
found on the TOEFL. Let's examine the word contact. We can determine from the list of prefixes that con means "with". Upon further examination of the word, we see the word root tact means "touch". Without knowing the exact meaning of the word, we can guess that the word is related to "touch" and "with". Indeed, contact means communication with another per-son. Referring to the root words and prefixes in this chapter we can ascertain that autobiography means "self, life, and write", or the story of a person's life written by that same person. You can approach your study of prefixes with the same method you are using to learn word roots. Make a flash card for each of the prefixes. On this card write the prefix and a word containing the prefix. Write the meaning of the prefix and a synonym for the example word on the back of the card. As you practice with the cards, first identify the Prefix Meaning Example
Sooner or later it occurs to every cryptologist that an acquaintance will say, "It can't be too hard to make a cipher that can't be solved." The friend then offers his theories, which often involve some crude sort of polyalphabeticity or a book code. Frequently he dredges up some system from his adolescence and, taking half an hour to put a ten- word message into that cipher, challenges the cryptologist to break it on the spot. William Jerdan, 19th-century British journalist, told in his autobiography a very typical story of the birth of a cipher, reporting with a refreshing touch of humor on the dreams of glory that often accompany the nativity. One evening, while Jerdan and his young friends were talking, the subject of ciphers came up. Jerdan boasted that "I myself could frame a system which nobody on earth could decypher and read" and bet a dinner on it. Then somebody pulled down an encyclopedia to show him the many systems that had been invented, and, said Jerdan, "when I
annaabi.ee 
