........................................... 8 Introduction Modal Verbs are can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should, ought to. They are known as modal auxiliary verbs because they ‘help’ another verb, i.e. they are always used with another verb in its base form. e.g. I can swim. Do you think I should go? Characteristics of Modal Verbs • There is no -s in the third person singular: She can ski. He must be tired. It might rain. • They are used to form questions and negatives: Shall we go for a walk? What should I do? He can’t dance. You mustn’t tell lies! • Modal auxiliary verbs don’t usually have past forms. Other expressions are used instead: I had to work hard at school. The prisoner was able to/managed to escape by climbing onto the roof of the prison. (NOT *could escape) (=ability / performance on one occasion) In some cases could can be used with a past meaning: I could swim when I was six
7. That may be true, but _____ 7.0 COUNTERING 7.1 Countering directly (through antithesis) But fox-hunting is part of country life. It's one of our traditions. But public transport is expensive and inconvenient. But English has borrowed from the Romans, the Vikings, the Saxons and the French But freight trains can't deliver goods from door to door But who can say that we will develop into civilized beings? Surely, God has the right to cut his losses! But why play the gold medalists' national anthems and why wear stars and stripes on your swimming costumes? But if you worked on a farm and your chickens were killed by foxes, you'd think differently.
In general, I like fast food. But fast food is not always the best choice. Fast food is not healthy at all. But I eat fast food only then when I'm in a bigger city, because in Kanepi are no fast food places. 2. Are you particular about what you eat? Why? I don't think so. I don't eat any especial things like prawns, unusual animal meat and so on. My eating choice is quite ordinary. And I think that I don't want to try out any animal meat. I think that it's distasteful. 3. What do you consider a healthy diet? I think that healthy diet is quite good choice to reduce weight. But I think that certainly the human who want to have a healthy diet must do the healthy diet in doctor directed. Sometimes the healthy diet is more harmful than useful. But I support that. 4. Do you prefer buying Estonian food to imported food? Yes, I do. That because then I know what I'm eating. Sometimes the imported food is not very clean. Imported food consist many preservatives and toxics
What concert was it? 8. Have you ever been to an openair concert? What was it like? 9. Do you sing at family parties? Where else Estonians like to sing? 10. Have you got a collection of cassettes, CD´s or LP´s at home? 11. Have you watched a ballet on TV? 12. Which do you prefer ballet, drama or musical? 13. How often do you go to the theatre? 14. Do you prefer going to the theatre or watching TV? Why? 15. Do you prefer buying a cheap ticket and getting a seat at the back or spending more money and sitting in the front? Why? 16. Do you prefer going to the theatre with your family or friends? Why? 17. How old were you when you first went to see a puppet show? Do you remember what it was? 18. Who is your favourite actor/actress? 19. What performance or concert would you like to see if it were possible? Why? 20. Have you got a drama club at your school? Are you a member of it? 21. Have you ever worn a costume? When? Why? 22
5 seen 12 walked school. It's hard to say. 6 were waiting 13 didn't admit 3 stewardess 7 retirement 7 was looking 4 wonderful 2 1 I reckon they are about 17 years old. 3 1 was getting, arrived Challenge! 2 It's a mixed class of girls and boys. 2 was preparing, cut Students' own answers 3 It's difficult to tell what kind of 3 discovered, were building 1E Past perfect simple and lesson their in.
'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone. A Alpha O Oscar Ä Alpha-Echo Ö Oscar-Echo
To all these wretched shifts. You know, besides, How nearly I'm concerned in it myself; If love unites my sister and Valere, I love his sister too; and if this marriage Were to . . . DORINE He's coming. SCENE V ORGON, CLEANTE, DORINE ORGON Ah! Good morning, brother. CLEANTE I was just going, but am glad to greet you. Things are not far advanced yet, in the country? ORGON Dorine . . . (To Cleante) Just wait a bit, please, brother-in-law. Let me allay my first anxiety By asking news about the family. (To Dorine) Has everything gone well these last two days? What's happening? And how is everybody? DORINE Madam had fever, and a splitting headache Day before yesterday, all day and evening. ORGON And how about Tartuffe? DORINE Tartuffe? He's well; He's mighty well; stout, fat, fair, rosy-lipped. ORGON Poor man! DORINE At evening she had nausea And could't touch a single thing for supper, Her headache still was so severe. ORGON And how About Tartuffe? DORINE
8. If________, then_______. 8. LOGICAL ARGUMENT 8.1 Questions or conclusions based on conditions with "if". If farmers really need to kill foxes, why don't they just shoot them? What if there isn't enough work to go round? What if the employers decide to introduce new working practices? And what happens if the two sides can't agree? What would happen then if state benefits were cut completely? If this also makes Britain more attractive for overseas visitors, so well and good.
Kordamine inglise keele eksamiks A 1.1 Read the text and answer the questions below. Dear Mary-Alice, It's been ages since I last wrote to you, isn't it weird? Yes, so it is, but, I do have a certain reason. Do you remember Sir Thom of the Minquettes'? That fine young man with fascinating blue eyes... Oh, my sweet Mary, you will never guess what happened yesterday! It was about seven o'clock in the evening when Lillian called me out for a walk you know I can't say `no' to my little sis. Anyway we went to the forest near the Swan Lake and, believe
9. What do you mean exactly? _____Let me explain. 9. CLARIFICATION 9.1 Clarification through short Yes/No Questions inviting illustration or example. They (North Americans) enjoy telling us that they're the best. And are they right? Yes, if you measure success purely in dollars. ... but the (health) service is under too much pressure to give adequate support. Can you be a bit more specific? Certainly. There're thousands of people who are in great pain. Some are waiting for minor surgery while others are waiting for treatment at pain control clinics.
explains why it is that you don’t have to be concerned where your good is going to come from. If you can keep your mind clearly fo- cused on what you want, and refrain from thinking about what you don’t want, you will attract everything you need to achieve your goals, exactly when you are ready. Change your thinking and you change your life. ■ THE ONLY REAL MEASURE Bertrand Russell, the English philosopher, once said, “The very best proof that something can be done is that others have already done it.” In the New Testament, Jesus taught the way to measure the truth of any principle: “By their fruits, ye shall know them.” In other words, the only question you need to ask about any idea is, “Does it work?” Does it bring about the results that you de- sire
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller,
They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek..
noticed when I was born! 3 1 Laura was offered a place at much. Personality-wise, I've got a lot of my Manchester University but she dad's traits in me. We're both quite bubbly and friendly (or so people 1C The origins of English turned it down. page 5 2 Whilst some people are in favour say), and we share quite a laid-back of the monarchy, others think we approach to life. When it comes to 1 1 Anglo-Saxon 8 Conquest
H: - Ok. Than, please, I'd like to cash my money order. J: - Take this form and fill it in. May I see your passport? H: - Yes. Please. So...Should I write my full name, my passport number and the sum of money that has been sent to me, right? J: - Certainly. How would you like the money? H: - I prefer one hundred rouble notes, if you don't mind. J: - Here is your money. H: - Thank you Getting a post-restante. H: - Hi, Julia! What are you doing here? J: - I'm getting post restante letter from Boris... H: -Ah, yeah, remember him. What is he saying? J: - Oh, well...He is asking to come to him, and, besides, here is the money-order... H: - Oh! Would you like to cash money-order? Have you got your passport with you? J: - Yeah, certainly. H: - Then, they'll cash your money order without fail. J: - Ok, I'll go to that counter and speak to clerk. Wait for me, please! Can you go and by tickets with me after this? H: - Certainly!
) We'd better ask John to help us. 11. Use the present progressive am playing, is raining etc to talk about things that are continuing at the time of speaking. I'm playing very badly today. (NOT I play very badly today.) Look! It's raining! (NOT Look! It rains!) 12. Use for with a period of time. Use since with the beginning of the period. for the last two hours = since 9 o'clock for three days = since Monday for five years = since I left school I've been learning English for five years. (NOT I've been learning English since three years.) We've been waiting for ages, since eight o'clock. 13. Don't separate the verb from the object. VERB OBJECT She speaks English very well . (NOT She speaks very well English.) Andy likes skiing very much. (NOT Andy likes very much skiing.) 14. Don't use the present perfect have/has seen, have/has gone etc with words that name a finished time. I saw him yesterday. (NOT I have seen him yesterday.)
Firstly/First of all/To start with, I'd like to look at ... Let me begin with/start by ... I'd like to start by saying something about ... I'd like to begin by ... Secondly/Then/Next, I'll be talking about ... Thirdly,/And then we come to ... My fourth point will be about ... Finally/lastly/last of all, I'll be looking at ... Firstly, ... secondly, ... thirdly, ... lastly, ... First of all ... then ... next ... after that ... finally ... To start with ... later ... to finish up ... Inviting questions If anyone has any questions, please feel free to interrupt at any time. If you have any questions, please stop me at any time, and I will be happy to answer them. If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt. Please interrupt me if there's something which needs clarifying. Otherwise, there'll be time for discussion at the end. Discouraging questions (during the presentation/talk) I'd be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester.
As the saying goes, truth shall set you free. Truth has set me free. The truth in being a Capitalist Nigger is that it sets you free. Being a Capitalist Nigger puts you in control of every aspect of your life – you are in charge and nobody else. You want your children to have good grades in school? Then practice Capitalist Niggerism because then you will not blame the teachers for failing your children or blame the nationwide testing services for using non-black questions in their testing. You will be in control because you will totally understand that everything that happens to your child at school is a result of the learning environment you have provided him or her at home. You want to succeed in creating wealth, join Wall Street. Don’t make excuses that Blacks don’t know how to invest their money. Go after the Caucasians. Use their guilt to your advantage.
· You have to love people even when they're unlovable. · People who hate. . .Hate EVERYTHING including themselves. · I promise I will love you foreve without the "r", because that would be the end of forever. · My life was fine, then you brought perfection. · You fooled me again with your dirty mouth full of honest lies. · There are some people in your life who take the heart out of you, and those who put it back in · Sometimes, some questions just don't have the answers, and that's a difficult lesson to learn. · Don't give away your heart too easily. But, give it away quite freely and see who follows behinds it. · Life was so much easier when decisions solved by "eenie meanie mini mo". · Basic rules of LOVE: You cant make someone love you. All you can do is be somebody who can be loved.....the rest is up to them Life is going to push you around, beat you up and it's going to scare you, but you gotta KEEP GOING
Test 16 1 Translate. 1 Mul olid varemalt pikad juuksed. I used to have long hair. 2 Kas see on teie kooli direktor? Is that the head teacher of your school? 3 Peaaegu igaüks räägib võõrkeelt aktsendiga. Almost everyone speaks a foreign language with an accent. 4 Ära muretse, sinu inglise keel on suurepärane. Don´t worry, your English is excellent. 5 Ma ei suuda taluda valju muusikat. I can´t stand loud music. 6 Kas sa tahaksid töötada ruumis või väljas? Would you like to work indoors or outdoors? 2 Complete the sentences with a job. 1 Vets look after sick animals. 2 Lifeguards work on the beach and help swimmers in danger. 3 Childminders look after small children when their parents are at work. 4 Teachers work at school. 5 Plumbers mend baths, sinks, and leaks. 6 Cooks prepare food.
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44
"Where's your next class?" he asked. I had to check in my bag. "Um, Government, with Jefferson, in building six." There was nowhere to look without meeting curious eyes. "I'm headed toward building four, I could show you the way..." Definitely over-helpful. "I'm Eric," he added. I smiled tentatively. "Thanks." We got our jackets and headed out into the rain, which had picked up. I could have sworn several people behind us were walking close enough to eavesdrop. I hoped I wasn't getting paranoid. "So, this is a lot different than Phoenix, huh?" he asked. "Very." "It doesn't rain much there, does it?" "Three or four times a year." "Wow, what must that be like?" he wondered. "Sunny," I told him. "You don't look very tan." "My mother is part albino." He studied my face apprehensively, and I sighed. It looked like clouds and a sense of humor didn't mix. A few months of this and I'd forget how to use sarcasm. We walked back around the cafeteria, to the south buildings by the gym
.................................................................59 Happiness as a Role Vs. True Happiness..................................................59 Parenthood: Role or Function? ................................................................60 Conscious Suffering.................................................................................63 Conscious Parenting.................................................................................64 Recognizing Your Child...........................................................................65 Giving Up Role-playing............................................................................66 The Pathological Ego................................................................................68 The Background Unhappiness...................................................................70 The Secret of Happiness............................................................................71
57. What good is it to be able to read someone else's mind if you can't read your own? 58. When a moron meets a lesson, they annihilate one another. 59. While there is only one human race, there are lots of human losers. 60. Willingness to volunteer and suitability for the job to be done are two completely different things. 61. You can remember that you are only if you forget who you are. 62. You can't answer someone who asks you to shoulder your burden of proof by asking him to prove something else. 63. Your thought must become more rigorous; otherwise you won't be able to be sufficiently skeptical. 64. Abandon your ego to its fate. 65. Be a shit disturber--and don't stop when the shit talks back. 66. Be more tolerant of fools and less tolerant of knaves. 67. Defend your position or admit that you don't know. 68. Do not decide when to laugh. Laughter is a natural impulse; don't interfere with it. Only unfunny jokes are offensive. 69
Yours faithfully-when u dont know the name Yours sincerely-when u know the name Letters asking for/giving advice Inviting, accepting/refusing invitations FORMAL LETTERS II ASKING FOR ADVICE: INVITING For a course Opening remarks, state the problem --Opening remarks Opening remarks: i would like to
What is expected of a graduate of the 21st century and how does the university play a role in contributing to a succesful outcome? Kaisa Kamenik In Mike Nichols 1967 cult film „The Graduate“, Dustin Hoffman character Benjamin Braddock, who has just graduated from college, is facing basically same questions as posed in the title of this essay. Everyone is asking what is he going to do with his life now, but he is very uncomfortable aswering them and at that point he doesn’t care as well. Being a third year history student in University of Tartu, I am wondering over the same questions and find myself often thinking what is expected of me after graduating and how has university played a role in my development for almost three years now. When asked what is the main purpose of university, most people would say that it is
4. If you ask me, _______ 4.0 GIVING YOUR OPINION ABOUT A TOPIC 4.1 Expressing a strong opinion In my opinion, fashion is a complete waste of time, money and resources. In my opinion, there's only one choice - English! In my view, government money shouldn't be used to support the Arts. In my reckoning, if we could lock up juvenile criminals, they'd learn that they couldn't get away with it. I strongly believe in preventing problems before they happen. In much the same way as the Japanese prepare for earthquakes, countries with dry climates could have water catchment systems and reservoirs to defend against water shortage.
f) I don't believe… spending a lot of money on b) Do you like chocolate cake? I am very fond… it. clothes. c) Young David has got … trouble as usual. g) You look a bit fed… Is anything the matter? d) Are you laughing… me? Do I look funny? h) I'm very keen… classical music, actually. e) That was a terrible thing to do! I'm extremely cross… i) In reply to Jack's questions, Sue shook … head. you! j) Cheer …! Try laughing for a change. 8. Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space. Noisy neighbours Julie always thought of herself as an easy going and (1) person, who put up with people's differences. She hardly ever became (2) about anything, and believed that if you treated people well, they would (3) with you. That is, until Alex and Harry moved in next door
flowing writing or talking. To brainstorm, you can simply sit down with a pen and jot down every idea that comes into your head. Another approach is to simply start writing and see where you end up. Record as much information as you can recall, such as schools attended, courses taken, jobs held, research projects undertaken. Work on taking yourself deeper into the introspection process by tackling more specific topics. Here are some questions you might want to consider: What am I like? How do my friends characterize me? What are my personality traits? Have I ever experienced a moment of epiphany? Why is (some color) my favorite color? Why is (some movie) my favorite movie? How have my favorites influenced my life? What have I done? What are my major accomplishments? Why do I consider them accomplishments? What extra curricular activities have I participated in? Have I strived hard for something and achieved it? Why did I succeed?
10 9 8 7 6 54 32 1 RRD-VA 12 11 10 09 08 Credits appear on page 260, which constitutes an extension of the copyright page. Contents Preface ix Introduction xi CHAPTER 1 Weapons of Influence 1 Click, Whirr 2 Betting the Shortcut Odds 6 The Profiteers 10 Jujitsu 12 Summary 16 Study Questions 16 CHAPTER 2 Reciprocation: The Old Give and Take ... and Take 18 How the Rule Works 22 The Rule Is Overpowering 23 Politics 26 The Not-So-Free Sample 28 The Rule Enforces Uninvited Debts 31 The Rule Can Trigger Unequal Exchanges 33 Reciprocal Concessions 35 Rejection-Then-Retreat 37
degree of B.A. International Relations` Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Citizenship, Children`s Rights and Participation: from the UN to the UK 6 Chapter 2: Citizenship Education in Wales………………………………………………14 Active Citizenship in Cadle Primary School: A Case Study 20 Conclusion 29 Bibliography 32 Appendices Appendix 1: The United Convention of the Rights of the Child Appendix 2: Interview with Jamie Richards, the Head Teacher of Cadle Primary School 2 Abstract: Children inherently have had a rather tenuous relationship with citizenship. Similarly to how women were once viewed, children have not been considered as subjects of rights due to their perceived incompetence and irrationality. Currently, children are not considered as being
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