River. Tacitius, the Roman historian, was the first one to mention it (AESTI), while the Arab scholar alIdrisi was the first one to mark it on a map (as ASTLANDA). To the ancient Scandinavians the land was known as EISTLAND; to modern Scandinavians it is known as ESTLAND. Most contemporary languages use the Latin name ESTONIA. FLAG The Estonian blueblackandwhite national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Student's Society, consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag. After about half a century, during which it was prohibited by the Soviet authorities, the flag was sen again in public for the first time in Tartu. Many elderly people were carrying the flags they had kept in secret hiding places durin the Soviet years; tears were rolling down their cheeks. On 24 February
The county of Saaremaa Siiri Tabri Kaia Vask Saaremaa - an exciting island Saaremaa - the biggest island of Estonia is known as a good recreation place with unique nature and a lot of sights. Saaremaa has retained its uniqueness due to its location and insulation. Junipers, dolomite, windmills and the famous local home- brewed beer are considered the symbols of Saaremaa. Rich nature. Because of its mild maritime climate and soil rich in lime, Saaremaa has very rich flora and fauna. In Saaremaa a great number of Roman snails, rare butterflies and beautiful orchids can be found. Each year hundreds of thousands of migratory birds visit Saaremaa and a great number of them are under protection, e.g. barnacle goose and mute swan.
ESTONIA MAP OF ESTONIA Southern Viljandimaa The southern part of Viljandi county catches the eye with its sublime scenery. The area today lies in the very heart of the historical Mulgimaa the home of hills, deep valleys and lakes brought together by a beauty spot Halliste primeval valley. According to several folk tales, it is also in these valleys, woods and bogs that Old Nick found refuge.The great variety displayed in the nature is also reflected in the local cultural heritage. At the beginning of the 19th century growing linen spread and became the basis of the legendary wealth of Mulgi farms. The ancient barn-dwellings and decaying manor houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of Mulgimaa owe to the diligence and tenacity of the local people. Village handicraftsmen and masters have always been honoured. Mulgikapsad (stewed sauerkraut with barley
Facts and figures 3 Geography 3 Climate 3 Nature 4 History 5 Economy 6 Culture 6 Biggest towns 7 Language 8 3 Facts and figures The Republic of Estonia is a small country. Covering only 45, 228 sq km it is slightly bigger than Denmark, Belgium or Switzerland. Estonia's population is under 1.4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone
They kept estates in Estonia until 1919. Under Russian rule the Palace of Kadriorg was built and the park was laid out. The National Awakening in the middle of the 19th century brought rapid advances in the Estonian education system, general living conditions and culture. The national epic "Kalevipoeg" was published, theatre and music societies appeared and the 1st Song Festival was held in Tartu in 1869. Since then the Song Festivals have become a national tradition, being held every 4-5 years. This all lead to Estonia's independence on 24 February 1918. In June 1940 Estonia became a part of the Soviet Union. On 20 August 1991 the Republic of Estonia was restored without any bloodshed. CULTURE? National emblems. The Estonian blue-black-and-white national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society, consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. Today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event.
that look out onto the clear waters of the Tasman Sea. Top ten places to visit in New Zealand Queenstown Beautiful lake side town is surrounded by mountains and is one of New Zealands premier tourist destinations. The home of bungee jumping and jet boating. Queenstown is also one of the southern hemispheres premier skiing destinations Rotorua Famous for its volcanic activity. Every reserve has spectacular examples of geysers, boiling pools, hot springs, boiling mud, volcanic terraces, and craters. Mt Tarawera nearby volcano offers spectacular scenery including superb views inside the rim of the volcano Best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori Culture. Top ten places to visit in New Zealand Bay of Islands Bay of Islands is the finest maritime park in New Zealand. There are about 150 islands.
Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic Sea in Estonia is characterized by numerous gulfs and bays, the biggest of them being the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Pärnu. Bays include the Narva Bay, Matsalu Bay, Kolga Bay, Kunda Bay, Tallinn Bay etc. Estonia has over 1500 islands, the largest being Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, Muhu and Vormsi. Saaremaa and Muhumaa are connected to each other with a bridge. The best- known smalles islands are Naissaar, Aegna, Ruhnu, Kihnu, Väike-Pakri, Suur-Pakri etc. 3. Relief Lying in the north-western part of the East-European Plain, Estonia is mostly flat with an average elevation of about 50 metres above sea level. South-eastern and eastern parts of Estonia are higher than the western parts. The relief of the present-day landscape was shaped during the Ice Age
Estonians (though it's a very small country) have the biggest song festival in the world ! The Singing Revolution tells the extraordinary story of the nonviolent path Estonia took to free itself from Soviet occupation. A documentary film about a nation peacefully standing up for its freedom through song, with the unstoppable dream of reclaiming Estonian independence. http://www.squidoo.com/estonias_singing_revolution The tradition of the song festival was born along with Estonian national awakening. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer of 1869. One of the organizers of the first song festival was Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players participated in the first festival. Starting with the fourth festival, mixed choirs were also participating. Starting with the sixth festival in 1896, the
Tallinn is said to be built on salt, as it was an important trading commodity. In the 16th century Tallinn had a population of about 7,000 8,000 making it one of the biggest cities in northern Europe. In 1629 Sweden took control of the whole of Estonia. Though hard times continued, the period that followed is known as the "good old Swedish era": foundations were laid for the Estonian school system, the privileges of the nobility were curtailed, local peasants were granted the right to own property, and so on. Peter the Great wanted to open a window onto Europe for Russia so he started the Northern War in 1700. Estonia remained under Russian rule and the Baltic-German nobility vowed allegiance to the Tsar; the barons were restored their former privileges. In 1870 a railway line was opened from St. Petersburg to Tallinn. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre. Estonians became conscious of their national identity
· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed Karl Johannes Malm, the Captain (of Swedish origin) of his ship "Brig Morian", in this Castle
to the end of the independency period. 2. The Tallinn Song Festival Grounds The Tallinn Song Stage was built in 1959 for arranging the Song Festivals. The stage was meant to hold over 15 000 singers. Indoor rooms can be used as a backstage area during the concerts but those are also suitable for all kind of events, parties, concerts, 2 banquettes, fairs, exhibitions etc.In the northern side of the song stage there is 42 m high fire tower, which is used during the famous Song Festivals. It is also opened for the public all year long. 3. Kiek in de Kök tower The cannon tower Kiek in de Kök was founded in 1475-1483. In 1696 the present name Kiek in de Kök was also
forest. Estonia is also rich in lakes and rivers The largest lake is Peipsi and the second-largest lake is Võrtsjärv. The largest river is Võhandu whinch is 162 meters long. Estonia has many national parks. A national park is a protected area. They are good to protect animals, birds, insects and other natural resources. The most famous national parks are: Lahemaa, Karula, Soomaa, Vilsandi, Matsalu. On the 8th millenium BC first people began to settle here in Estonia. On the 13th century Germans and Danish tried to conquer our country. On the 16th century the first book in Estonian language was publicated. Then the Livonian War began. Northern part of Estonia was occupied by Sweden and the southern part of Estonia was occupied by Poland. On the 17th century Estonia was under Sweden occupation. In 1632 Tartu University was founded. On the 18th century there was a Norhern War and Estonia was occupied by Russia. On the 19th century
Australia's capital is Canberra, the only city with its own territory. It was built in the early 1900s just to be the capital. The official language is English and the official name of Australia is the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia is located on the Southern Hemisphere (because of that Australia is also called "A land down under"). 2 . Geographical position Australia is an island continent and it is located between the Indian and South Pacific oceans south east of Asia. From the north it is bordered by the Timor Sea and the Torres Strait. From the east by the Coral Sea and the Tasman Sea. Australia's coastline is about 37,000 km long. The Great Australian Bight washes the southern coast. The Gulf of Carpenteria and the Cape York Peninsula surround it in the south. 3. Relief
My Town I live in Tallinn. It's the capital and main seaport of Estonia. Tallinn is a very beautiful city that lies on the Baltic Sea. It covers 158 square kilometres. The Mayor of Tallinn is Jüri Ratas. The population of our capital is about 400000 people. About 55% of them are Estonian, 37% Russians and the other 8% are from different nations. The people here are mostly engaged in industry- mainly the food industry (23%), trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from
Estonian economy. One third of Estonian forests are protected areas. In these protected forests you can come across types of primeval forest cover, which have long ago disappeared from other parts of Europe. Examples of such primeval forests are the Järvselja forest in Tartumaa County and Poruni in Ida- Virumaa County. Meadows in Estonia are rich in different species much more so than in Western Europe. Estonia is a country of thousand of lakes. In the Estonian territory there are about 1200 natural lakes. The largest of these is Lake Peipsi, which is the fourth largest freshwater lake in Europe. Most of Estonia's lakes are small and are found in the south of the country. Larger lakes such as Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv are rich in fish. One can find rare species of fish such as the lake whitefish and the Peipsi smelt in Lake Peipsi. Võrtsjärv is famous for its catches of pike-perch and eel, which are regarded as a delicacy.
Alberta The capital of Alberta is Edmonton. The population is 3.7 million people and there are many nationalities. Besides English and French there are also immigrants from Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Germany, Ukraine and Scandinavia. In Edmonton and Calgary there are also historic Chinatowns, and Calgary has Canada's third largest Chinese community. Geographical features Alberta covers an area of 661,848 square kilometres, an area about 5% smaller than Texas or 20% larger than France. This makes it the fourth largest province after Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia. To the south, the province borders on the 49th parallel north, separating it from the U.S. state of Montana, while on the north the 60th parallel north divides it from the
including the largest in Tallinn, weighing 15 tonnes. You can hear the entire ensemble playing before each service. http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/eng/fpage/explore/churches#!p_307 Old Town Twisting cobblestone lanes and iron street lamps. Gothic spires and medieval markets. Cappuccino and Wi-Fi. This is the city's famous Old Town. If you're looking for that mix of historic ambience and cutting-edge culture that defines Tallinn, you'll find it here. Built up from the 13th to 16th centuries, when Tallinn or Reval as it was known then was a thriving member of the Hanseatic trade league, this enclosed neighbourhood of colourful, gabled houses, half-hidden courtyards and grandiose churches is, quite rightly, the city's biggest tourist draw. And the fact that it's all neatly packaged within a mostly-intact city wall and dotted with guard towers gives it an extra dose of fairytale charm. http://www.tourism.tallinn
Republic of Estonia is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe .It is bordered to the north by the Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. Towns Tallinn is the capital and the largest city of Estonia. It lies on the northern coast of Estonia, along the Gulf of Finland. There are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. In total, there are 47 linna, with "linn" in English meaning both "cities" and "towns". More than 70% of the population lives in towns. History • Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of nature
Australia Australia is a country and also a continent. If someone wants to make clear, that he is speaking of the country, he may call it by its full name of Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's name means "southland."It is south of the equator. Sometimes it is also called the island continent because it is an island. There are about twenty million people in Australia.It is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 600 miles of ocean separate it from Americas. Since Australia is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter, and the other way round. States and Territories. Australia consists of six states, two territories and eight external territories.
The Executive power in Australia is in the hands of the Commonwealth Government lead by the Prime Minister. Today the Prime Minister is John Howard, the leader of the Liberal Party. History Australia was once a part of the giant continent Gondwana. It included Africa, South America and Antarctica. First Australia and Antarctica split from Gondwana, then Australia broke away from Antarctica and began to move north. Aborigines arrived there about 50 000 years ago. They had occupied the whole continent by 30 000 years ago. At that time Tasmania was still part of the mainland. About 20 000 years ago the ice began to melt and the rising water level cut Tasmania off from the mainland. Traders from what is now Indonesia are thought to have been visiting Australia well before the 17th century. Chinese, Malaysian and Arab sea Captains may also have landed in Northern Australia after the 15 th century.
Jõgeva maakond Endla nature reserve It is located on the borderline of Järva, Jõgeva and West-Viru counties. It is mostly known for various marshes, fens, quaking bogs, lakes, canebrakes, wellsprings, rivers, fen forests, fens and mesotrophic mires, marsh forests, meadows, diverse flora and fauna. Jõgeva town The small town of Jõgeva town is located on the eastern side of Middle-Estonia. You won't find large buildings or breathtaking architecture here, but an overwhelming sense of togetherness and plenty of cultural events, the majority of them geared towards younger people. Jõgeva town was born 130 years ago, thanks to the Tapa-Tartu railway: this is where the first train stopped and a village formed around the railway station. Just half a century later, Jõgeva earned its town rights. There are about 6500 people living in Jõgeva. Jõgeva events
Its name means ,,Southland". The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's capital is Canberra. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world but the smallest continent. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia , South Australia, The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The Australian people are culturally the same as the Anglo Americans. There also live aborigines. Aborigines are the ancestors of the people. Like the US and Canada, Australia was an English speaking colony of Great Britain. Today Australia is a modern developed country with a diversified economy. Australia is an island continent of 7.7 million square kilometres, which makes it a little smaller than the USA. Located in south of Asia, between The Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia is the World's driest continent
Oceans. The population of Canada is about 31 million people. About 77% of the people live in cities which lie in a band about 100 miles wide above the border of the United States. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Quebec. Canada has two official languages English and French. It's interesting to know that about 61% of Canadians name English and 24% French their mother tongue. There are also many other languages spoken in Canada such as: Italian, Chinese, German, Polish, Ukrainian, Greek and Dutch. There are also many native languages such as Algonquian. The British and the French as the main settlers from Europe fought for hundreds of years before they managed to build up a country which was based on recognizing the cultural diversity of different nations in Canada. All the communities living in the
Great Britain Pärnu 2012 Contents Great Britain Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles.
Estonia Estonia lies in the North-Europe and it is the member of European Union. In the north, Estonia is washed by the Gulf of Finland, in the west by the Balic Sea, in the south there is Latvia and in the east there lies Russian Federation. The territory of Estonia is 45,227 km 2 and it is divided into 15 counties. The capital and also the largest city in Estonia is Tallinn. The population is not large only 1.3 million people. The official language is Estonian. Although we have only few speakers in word terms, we are proud of our language which is considered to be one of the world's most beautiful ones. Estonia is an independent country, the
Australia Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is 7.6 million square kilometres big. It is often called the island continent because it is rather small for a continent and very big for an island. There are only five countries bigger than Australia in the World. There are five states in the mainland. Tasmania is also considered as a state so there are six states. The Northern Territory and Canberra are also independent but they are not states. Canberra is the capital of Australia and it is situated between Sydney and Melbourne because both of these cities wanted to be the capital. The population is about 19 million people and growing. New South Wales is the most populated state and Victoria is the most densely populated state. The national language is English. It is English because British settlers came to live in Australia in
.......................................................................................................... 8 Population and Ethnicity..............................................................................................9 3 Introduction The official name of the country is the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is an island country. It consists of the island of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great Britain can be divided into three parts England, Wales and Scotland. Each of them has their own capital city. Glasgow in Scotland, Cardiff in Wales and London in England. The country is situated in the north-western Europe. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres and about 60 million people live there. The UK contains a number of small islands. The largest islands that belong to the United
Other big cities are Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. National language in Australia is English. Monetary unit is Australian dollar. Their national holiday is on the 26th of January. In 1788 on the 26th of January the first fleet arrived at Botany Bay and established a penal colony near modern-day Sydney. Geographical Position Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It’s the only continent except for Antarctica that is all south of equator. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent. There is a great reason why. It really is an island. It is 2880 km from the mainland of Asia and is almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 9 600 km separates it from America. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Timor Sea and the Arafura Sea separate Australia from Indonesia. In the north the coast is washed by Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast the Coral
lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order. The Germans renamed Tallinn and called it Reval. Toompea became the seat of the German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town, as there were conflicts between the two. The Lower Town was the home of simple people, the artisans and the merchants. The doors and gates in the wall were locked at night. Tallinn joined the German-dominated Hanseatic League in 1285 and became a junction of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west, while salt, cloth, herring and wine moved east. Its geographical position was very favourable, with
Vltava River in the middle of Bohemia that is one of the three historic Czech territories; the others being Moravia and Silesia. The city has seven "Chapter Divisions" or districts. 3 I read one girl blog and she described Prague so beautifuly. She talked about her adventures. When i was reading that it seemed so real, that i was there to. The city's charms can occasionally be obscured by too many tourists, congested traffic and tacky commercialism. Packed in among thousands of other visitors, trying like crazy to see the city in three days and worrying about getting ripped off, it's not surprising, may think the city is overrated. Just relax, take a deep breath. While the city centre is a mélange of stunning architecture, from Gothic, Renaissance and baroque to
CANADA Geography Canada is the world's second largest country in total area after Russia , since it covers nearly 10 million square kilometres, but is one of the most sparsely populated, with only about 34 million inhabitants. The majority of them live within 300 kilometres of Canada's southern border. Much of the rest of Canada is uninhabited or thinly populated, because the country has a rugged terrain and severe climate. Canada extends across the continent of North America, from Newfoundland on the Atlantic coast to British Columbia on the Pacific coast and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada shares land borders with the United States to the south and north-west. Canada is a land of great variety. Towering mountains, crystal-clear lakes, and lush, green
numerous landmarks, London paradoxical qualities in stride, requires several days (if not years) boasting diverse cultural enclaves. to get to know. That said, your Neighborhoods like Nob Hill, inaugural visit (as you will certainly the Castro and the Mission be coming back for more) should District offer unique experiences include trips to the Tower of for every traveler. Yet, there are London, the National Gallery, and several monuments that you can't the British Museum. But if you miss, such as the cable have more time, hit up Portobello cars, Fisherman's Road and Borough Market to Wharf andAlcatraz. And, of appreciate the local culture. course, the city's crowning architectural achievement,
Saaremaa Saaremaa biggest island in Estonia located in the Baltic Sea 2673 km2 populatin over 35000 ihabitants density 13 inhabitants/km2 16 municipalities- next year 14 The capital of Saaremaa is Kuressaare Saaremaa - an exciting island Saaremaa - the biggest island of Estonia is known as a good recreation place with unique nature and a lot of sights Saaremaa has retained its uniqueness due to its location and insulation Junipers, dolomite, windmills and the famous local home-brewed beer are considered the symbols of Saaremaa A lot of sights Among the numerous sights of Saaremaa, several are worth calling special attention to, e.g. Angla
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