Lennart Meri Lennart Meri was a writer, a film director and a statesman who served as the second President of Estonia. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement. His lifestory: Lennart Georg Meri was born in Tallinn, 29 March 1929, a son of the Estonian diplomat and later translator Georg Meri, and Estonian Swedish Alice-Brigitta Engmann. Because his father was a diplomat, Lennart left Estonia at an early age and studied abroad, in nine different schools and in four different languages. In addition to his native Estonian,
Lennart Meri Lennart Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement. His lifestory: Lennart Georg Meri was born in Tallinn, 29 March 1929, a son of the Estonian diplomat and later translator Georg Meri, and Estonian Swedish Alice-Brigitta Engmann. Because his father was a diplomat, Lennart left Estonia at an early age and studied abroad, in nine different schools and in four different languages. In addition to his native Estonian,
kingdom * England itself was not homogeneous and unified * The North was remote, unruly border country, poor and feudal * Wales, to the west, was at the beginning of this period still thoroughly Celtic * At the beginning of this period the literary model was Chaucer´s verse, there was none in prose Sir Thomas More * Born in London * known to Catholics as Saint Thomas More since 1935 * was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. * He was an important councillor to Henry VIII of England and was Lord Chancellor from October 1529 to 16 May 1532 * He was canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1935 * He was an opponent of the Protestant Reformation and in particular of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. ´´Utopia´´ * "Utopia" a name he gave to the ideal and imaginary island nation, the political system of which he described in Utopia, published in 1516. * Written in Latvin
dreamlike atmosphere, of The Charterhouse of Parma allows the author to caricaturize the petty tyranny of post-Napoleonic Europe, to question public morality, and to assert the prerogatives of love's follies. There are subtly drawn portraits of the naive and idealistic young Fabrice del Dongo (notably at the Battle of Waterloo); of his courageous and passionate aunt, the Duchess de Sanseverina; of her lover, the benevolent Machiavellian statesman Count Mosca; and of the young and innocent Clélia Conti, the daughter of Fabrice's jailer, who falls in love with the handsome prisoner. Passion in all its forms is the novel's recurrent theme. And once again, the young hero learns the deeper lessons of spirituality, love, and freedom within the liberating confines of a prison cell. Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of The Charterhouse of Parma is its highly sophisticated psychology
Oliver Cromwell o Leader of the parliamentary party in the Civil War o After the victory of the parilamentary forces became `Lord Protector' o Military government, puritan ethics(all amusement was banned) Admiral Nelson o Commander of the British fleet o Defeated Napoleon's French fleet in the Battle of trafalgar o Nelson's Column in Trafalgar Square in London commemorates the national hero who died during the battle Winston Churchill o politcian and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War o PM 2 times Sir Francis Drake o an English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, a renowned pirate, and a politician of the Elizabethan era. o He was second-in-command of the English fleet against the Spanish Armada in 1588. Dates 1066- Battle of Hastings 1455-1485- Wars of the Roses(Lancastrians-Yorkists)
alles ja on laiendanud suuresti oma tegevusala. Sõna „piraat“ tähendus on muutunud ning on nüüd defineeritav kui inimene, kes teeb illegaalselt koopia kellegi teise varast. Muusikat, filme, raamatuid ja tarkvara saab pea iga tarbija kopeerida ja teistega jagada. Selline illegaalne teguviis võib tõsiselt mõjutada tööstust ja ühiskonda. Näiteks, tarkvaratööstuse kasumi kadude summa oli 1993. aastal 12,8 miljardit dollarit (Austin American-Statesman 1994), mis näitab, et suur arv tarkvara toodetest oli läbi piraatluse saadud. Järelikult on piraatlus tõsine probleem tarkvara-, muusika- ja filmitööstuse arengu jaoks. Kuid kas internetipiraatlusel on ka positiisveid külgi? Ehk on internetipiraatlus ka kuidagimoodi tootjatele kasulik, rääkimata tarbijatest? Internetipiraatluse ajalugu algab aastast 1975, kui Dan Sokol, kes oli Homebew Computer Club liige, kopeeris versiooni programmeerimiskeelest BASIC [1]
• sea-fairing – meresõidu • pate – pealagi • inspect of the Customs – tolli kontroll • Uhlan – Poola sõdur • inspector of customs – tolliinspektor • lance – piik • acquaintance – tutvus • shrill – läbilõikav • ceased – lakkama • mediocre statesman – keskpärane • destitute – vaene riigimees • shrivelled – kortsunud, kokku kuivanud • sailing vessle – purjelaev • vivacious – reibas • antipodes – antipoodid, punkt diameetriliselt Maa vastasküljel • ruin fell upon – kõik hävines • wrath – raev • prosperous – rikas
totally acceptable. But what is democracy? Is it really so drawing power? (Wolff, 1996) Some say that democracy is the rule of the people, by the people, for the people. But does democracy really deserve the reputation that it has? (Wolff, 1996) The word of (citicens) means that democracy is internal. The word by means that in is collective (selfgovernment). The word for means that there should be public interest about political power. Three theories Firstly, Plato Statesman: He divides forms of government into good-ones (rule of law) and bad-ones (lawless rule). So, when one person rules de jure it is called Monarchy, but if he or she rules illegally, it is called Tyranny. When a few people rules de jure it is called Aristocracy and when they do not have the legal right to rule, it is called Oligarchy. If many people rule de jure it is called Good- or The Real - Democracy, but if they rule illegally, it is called "Bad" Democracy. (McLaughlin, 2010)
The Reformation in England meant a break from Rome. Henry became the supreme head of the Anglican church Fidei Defensor Means defender of the faith. Given to Henry VIII by Pope Leo X in 1521. Henry was against Martin Luther´s ideas and protestantism. However, Henry broke with Rome, to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon and established hismelf the The Church of England Supreme head Cardinal Wolsey Cardinal and statesman, Henry VIII´s chancellor, archbishop of York. Efficient aministrator both for the Crown and the church. Henry VIII delegated more state business to him, he was asked to use his influence in Rome to get a papal annulment for the divorce. Wolsey was anable to do this, his downfall began. He was accused of treason, he died on a journey to trial Catherine of Aragon A spanish princess, Henry´s wife. She had borne him 5 children, but only Mary survived.
Oxford and London: Whitmore and Finn and C. Brown Hobbes, T. (1651) Leviathan. 2nd edn. London: Penguin Books. Barker, E. (1960) Social Contract: Essays by Locke, Hume and Rousseau. Oxford: Oxford University Press Marx, K and Engels, F (1978) Mark Engels Reader 2nd edn. London: Norton and Company Thompson, E.P (1963) The Making of the English Working Class. 2nd edn. London: Penguin Books Pilger, J. (2010) `Stand and Fight, The Party Game is Over ', The New Statesman, (11) pp. 128 Chomskey, N. and Barsamian, D. (1998) The Common Good. London: Pluto Press Peace, D. (2004) GB84. London: Faber and Faber
koletis? – Armastus, vihkamine ja vastuseis: uurimusi filosoofiast, poliitikast ja kirjandusest. Bibliotheca controcersiarum. Tallinn: TLU Press. 215-243. Itaalia maskid: commedia dell'arte ümber. 2006. Koost. Riina Schutting. Tallinn: Püha Issidori Õigeusu Kirjastusselts. Itaalia renessansiteater. Kasutatud 11.11.2016 http://italianrenaissancetheatre.weebly.com/ Mansfield, H. 2016. Niccolò Machiavelli. Italian statesman and writer. Britannica. Kasutatud 11.11.2016 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niccolo-Machiavelli 12
koletis? Armastus, vihkamine ja vastuseis: uurimusi filosoofiast, poliitikast ja kirjandusest. Bibliotheca controcersiarum. Tallinn: TLU Press. 215-243. Itaalia maskid: commedia dell'arte ümber. 2006. Koost. Riina Schutting. Tallinn: Püha Issidori Õigeusu Kirjastusselts. Itaalia renessansiteater. Kasutatud 11.11.2016 http://italianrenaissancetheatre.weebly.com/ Mansfield, H. 2016. Niccolò Machiavelli. Italian statesman and writer. Britannica. Kasutatud 11.11.2016 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niccolo-Machiavelli 12
........................................................................................... 9 References......................................................................................................................10 2 Frederick Douglas Frederick Douglass (February 17, 1818 February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. Called "The Sage of Anacostia" and "The Lion of Anacostia," Douglass was one of the most prominent figures of African American history during the 1800s, and one of the most influential lecturers and authors in American history. Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, American Indian, or recent immigrant. He spent his entire life advocating the brotherhood of all humankind. One of his favorite quotations
Oedipus (1679) Heinrich von Kleist Der zerbrochene Krug (1803-4). von Platen, August Der romantische Oedipus (1829), naljamäng viies vaatuses. Hugo von Hofmannsthal Ödipus und die Sfinx (1906); André Gide Oedipe (1930) Jean Cocteau La machine infernale (1932); Igor Stravinski Oidipus Rex (1927); Carl Orff Ödipus der Tyrann (1959); Friedrich Dürrenmatt Das Sterben der Pythia (1976); Thomas Stearns Elliott The elder Statesman (1958); Heiner Müller Ödipus Tyrann (1967) jne. Mati Unt Vend Antigone, ema Oidipus (2003). Saksa kultuuriruumi tähtsus: müüt idealismi, romantismi ja folklooriuurimuste jaoks. Võrdlev mütoloogia: James Frazer The golden bough, 13 köidet. F. Nietzsche ja dionüüsoslikkus; müüt ja psühhoanalüüs (Sigmund Freud). Ajalugu ja müüt: Varuse lahing 9 AD, Arminius ja Hermann saksa rahvuse kujunemisel. Rahvusmüüdi kasutamine poliitikas. 5
literature rather than as a divinely inspired text. The Age of Reason is not atheistic, but deistic: it promotes natural religion and argues for a creator-God. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and first fire department in Pennsylvania. He was an early proponent of colonial unity, and as a political writer and activist he supported the idea of an American nation
While this arrangement won him some respect, England faced further raids from Viking. Ethelred fought these off, but in many cases bought them off by payment of what was to become known as Danegeld. *Canute/Cnut Canute the Great, also known as Cnut was a Viking king of England and Denmark, Norway, and parts of Sweden. He was a son of a Danish king and became famous with his invasion of England. The kingdom fell quickly and Canute was held to be king . He successed as a statesman, politically and militarily. Canute held a considerable overlordship across other areas of the British Isles too. He divided his new kingdom into four parts and married the kings widow Emma in order to help legitimize his reign. By carefully selecting his advisors he became very well placed to command loyalty from both the Danish and the English. *The Vikings of Normandy Viking raids on England started in the late 8th century. Over-
allegedly expert bureaucrat, therefore removing political control, and that also means political responsibility, from the political sphere. "It may be convenient for politicians to hide behind the smoke-screen of managerial decision and autonomy, but this hardly adds to the democratic quality of decision-making." (Wright 1997: 11) For many a politician, the safest and most attractive-looking move is to follow fashion and the weaker, the more insecure he is, the more this is the case. ("A statesman is a politician who uses expert advice but does not depend on it.") These are "the symbolic and legitimacy benefits of management reform. For politicians, these benefits consist partly of being seen to be doing something. ... They may gain in reputation indeed may make a career out of `modernizing' and `streamlining' activities." (Pollitt and Bouckaert 2004: 6) Rhetoric is what satisfies the demand; it does not mean that one has to do anything. The problem is only that at some point,
Mis seda mõjutasid? Miks oli see nii revolutsiooniline? Miks oli tugevam protestantlikus põhjas? Aga minu arvates, enne kui me isegi alustada nendele küsimustele vastamist, tuleks küsida palju olulisem küsimus: Mis on teadus? ] Science is no doubt with us today it surrounds our daily lives to such an extent that we now take it as a given. We expect science to be, to exist. Its effects and products touch the statesman and the soldier, the house husband and the grocer. Science has given us nylon, fluoride, latex paint as well as 747s, everfaster microchips and PEZ. But science has also given us fluorocarbons, heroin, nuclear waste, dioxin, sarin gas and the atomic bomb. Science can be a mixed blessing with much that is good comes much that is clearly bad. But, what do we mean by science? Science is faith
appeared. In the essay, according to the writer Marina Warner, Carter "deconstructs the arguments that underly The Bloody Chamber. Its about desire and its destruction, the self-immolation of women, how women collude and connive with their condition of enslavement. She was much more independent-minded than the traditonal feminist of her time. " [2] As well as being a prolific writer of fiction, Carter contributed many articles to The Guardian, The Independent and New Statesman, collected in Shaking a Leg. She adapted a number of her short stories for radio and wrote two original radio dramas on Richard Dadd and Ronald Firbank. Two of her fictions have been adapted for the silver screen: The Company of Wolves (1984) and The Magic Toyshop (1987). She was actively involved in both film adaptations, her screenplays are published in the collected dramatic writings, The Curious Room, together with her radio scripts, a
AD Rome founded the greatest ancient empire whose provinces extended from the Caucasus in the east and Egypt in the south to Spain and Gaul in the west and Britain in the north-west. In 395 the empire was divided into two parts – the Western (Rome) and the Eastern (Constantinople, Byzantium) empires. The former collapsed in the 5th century (476). Byzantium lasted for another thousand years and fell to the Turks in 1453. Gaius Julius Caesar ['si:zə] (100 – 44 BC), the Roman statesman, general and author. He conquered Gaul, Egypt, defeated his political opponents and became an absolute dictator (49 BC). Killed by Republican conspirators (M.J. Brutus and G. Cassius). His Commentaries on the Gallic War contain important information about the Celts. He introduced a new, Julian calendar in 46 BC; the seventh month of the year was named after Julius Caesar after his death. To have some idea of J. Caesar
Sargon II sai nime Akkadi riik looja Sargon I ehk Akkadi Sargoni järgi. Scipio – Rooma väepealik, purjetas suure sõjaväega Aafrikasse ja võitis 202. aastal eKr Zama küla juures Hannibali juhitud kartaagolaste väge. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (236–183 BC), also known as Scipio the African, Scipio the Elder, and Scipio the Great[1]was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal at the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama, a feat that earned him the agnomen Africanus, the nickname "the Roman Hannibal", as well as recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history. An earlier great display of his tactical abilities had come already at the Battle of Ilipa. Sokrates – V sajandi teisel poolel eKr elanud Ateena mõttetark, pööras
its time, and so much in the spirit of the later inventions, that it deserves to be classed with them. Indeed, it deserves the front rank among them, for this system was beyond doubt the most remarkable of all. So well conceived was it that today, more than a century and a half of rapid technological progress after its invention, it remains in active use. But then it was invented by a remarkable man, a well-known writer, agriculturalist, bibliophile, architect, diplomat, gadgeteer, and statesman named Thomas Jefferson. He called it his "wheel cypher," and it seems likely that he invented it either during 1790 to 1793 or during 1797 to 1800. Turn a cylinder of white wood of about 2. Inches diameter & 6. or 8. I. long, bore through it's center a hole sufficient to receive an iron spindle or axis of Vs or 1A I. diam. divide the periphery into 26. equal parts (for the 26. letters of the alphabet) and, with a
1944. Sciences; Gustav Ränk (1902-1998), ethnologist; Oskar Loorits (1900-1961) historian and folklorist, greatly appreciated for research into the ancient religions of the Estonians and Livonians; Ernst Öpik (1893-1985), astronomer, founder of the Estonian School of Astronomers, author of a theory concerning the evolution of comets; Edgar Kant (1902-1978), economist and geographer, the last war-time Rector of Tartu University; Jüri Uluots (1890-1945), lawyer and statesman, the last Premier of the Estonian Republic; Johan Kõpp (1874-1970), Bishop of the Estonian Lutheran Church; Arthur Võõbus (1909-1988), clergyman, church historian and Orientalist. Tartu University lost 190 of its lecturers and professors1 In literature, theatre and art: Gustav Suits; Marie Under; Henrik Visnapuu; Bernard Kangro (1910-1994); August Mälk, novelist; Albert Kivikas (1898-1978),
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