The Renaissance Between 14th and 16th century in Europe From French word rebirth It was an age of growth in Europe. New, powerful city states emerged. A new middle class had more and more money to spend. Great artists, writers and thinkers lived during this time. During the Middle Ages many people who lived in the countryside worked on the land that they got from the noblemen. In return, they were protected by them Between the middle and the end of the 14th century, the plague, also called "Black Death" killed almost half of Europe's population. It spread most rapidly in the larger cities where many people lived. This led to economic depression.
Hong Kong • Singapore • Tokyo • Cape Town • Sydney Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Limoges Editorial Assistant: Christina Manfroni Executive Marketing Manager: Wendy Gordon Production Supervisor: Liz Napolitano Editorial Production Service: Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: JoAnne Sweeney Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Modern Graphics, Inc. Photo Researcher: Rachel Lucas Cover Design: Joel Gendron For related titles and support materials, visit our online catalog at www.pearsonhighered.com Copyright © 2009, 2001 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permiSSion from the copyright owner.
Tallinn University Briti ja Ameerika kunst ja kultuur 20.-21. sajandil GRA6221 Course project: Street Art Viktoria Gumennaja 2018 INTRODUCTION "The city's the best gallery I could imagine." — JR I choose the topic for writing an essay - street art. Why did I choose this genre? Because for me it is something magical and special, not at all similar to those works that are in museums, at exhibitions and so on. Think for yourself, because street art began with the graffiti, and now we can see on the streets of our city just a work of art. I think graffiti, by the way, is also a great and invaluable work. Trends are changing
American Art Revision Materials Colonial Period Portraiture. The first typically American paintings were illustrated maps but painting remained scarce during C17. There were 4 reasons: settlers came from backgrounds where art was unusual, Protestant attitudes was averse to imagery and painting, the English were not yet distinguished in visual arts and religious art was non-existent. The colonial period is almost entirely limited to portraiture (deemed as `useful' by settlers). These first paintings were made by limners and artisans without formal training and were based on what was popular in England during the Tudors. The paintings are technically unskilled, strongly patterned, flat and linear. Spanish painting in America was mostly religious. In C18, painting was a luxury and necessitated wealth that had by then become available. Portraitures remained at the forefront because the rich could thusly display their status and because it was less "frivolous" than other forms of painting
American Art Revision Materials Colonial Period Portraiture. The first typically American paintings were illustrated maps but painting remained scarce during C17. There were 4 reasons: settlers came from backgrounds where art was unusual, Protestant attitudes was averse to imagery and painting, the English were not yet distinguished in visual arts and religious art was non-existent. The colonial period is almost entirely limited to portraiture (deemed as `useful' by settlers). These first paintings were made by limners and artisans without formal training and were based on what was popular in England during the Tudors. The paintings are technically unskilled, strongly patterned, flat and linear. Spanish painting in America was mostly religious. In C18, painting was a luxury and necessitated wealth that had by then become available. Portraitures remained at the forefront because the rich could thusly display their status and because it was less "frivolous" than other forms of painting
and museums. If you stand in Trafalgar Square in London with your back to Nelson's Column, you will see a wide horizontal front in a classical style. It is the National Gallery. It has been in this building since 1838 which was built as the National Gallery to house the collection of Old Masters Paintings (38 paintings) offered to the nation by an English Private collector, Sir George Beamount. Today the picture galleries of the National Gallery of Art exhibit works of all the Euro-pean schools of painting, which existed between the 13th and 19th centuries. The most famous works among them are `Venus and Cupid' by Diego Velazquez, `Adoration of
Revolution evolved and what it was like. It is important to focus on very different kinds of historical evidence and sources to get a clear picture of the Revolution. Therefore, one must not forget to look not only at the written sources but also at the more cultural and artistic interpretations. One of the best examples of cultural and political distribution of the Revolutionary ideas was Jacques-Louis David, who, with his paintings, perpetuated The French Revolution from the Republican point of view. His art was mostly tightly connected to the main figures, events and ideas of the French Revolution. David had more than 5 pieces of art that captured the essence of the Revolution. His paintings represented political ethics, current ideals and foundations. Furthermore, the wider public was enthralled with his ability to represent brotherhood and patriotism while using the neoclassicistic style. (Friedlaender, 1952, p.16)
7 There are no easy answers. 3 I had no difficulty repairing the 2 1 economical 7 priceless 8 Few of my relatives live nearby. broken vase. 2 pricey 8 economic 9 My parents have little money. 4 Dad refused to let me stay out late. 3 valuable 9 costly 10 He read the whole magazine. 5 We're considering selling our car. 4 financial 10 worthy 11 Most graduates quickly find a job.
THE PRE-RAPHAELITES The PRB was formed in 1848 in London and it was an association of painters, poets, critics, sculptors. It was founded by three Royal Academy students who wanted to brake free from the academic art and return to the moral and descriptive truthfulness that they felt was gone from art. (The Royal Academy of Arts is and institution with a purpose to promote the creation, enjoyment and appreciation of the visual arts through exhibitions, education and debate.). The founders were William Hunt, John Millais, Dante Rossetti. Because of the fact that they were all
When they finally got to Australia, it was in a much better condition than nowadays. There were large animals, who are now extinct, that provided much meat. The Aborigines lived in harmony with the environment. Because they were cut off from the rest of the world, Aborigines could not trade goods, acquire animals or crop seed, which was very important because the land did not contain any cultivated crops. Aborigines lived in clans that all had occupied a piece of land. Nobody thought about selling, buying or trading land because the clan was a part of the land they owned. Finding food was not easy at that time. In some areas, both men and women had to spend over half 2 of each day on hunting or gathering food. In some areas, mostly inland, there was always a shortage of water and it was even deadly for some people. However, Aborigines were tough
And yet it's never been easier. Portfolio careers are becoming normal and it's increasingly possible to make the change gradually by training part-time. One question I ask people is, 'What will happen if you don't do it?' The answer inevitably is that they will wish they had." There are plenty of organisations able to help people embark on their journey of career change. SMP Solutions is among them. Steve Preston, the director, says that while some people opt for one-to-one advice and support, others benefit from group workshops. "People are not very good at talking about themselves in a positive way and what happens in a group dynamic is that people point out others' strengths and potential ideas for careers. It works well." Emma White, a personal development coach, believes it's important that people understand the breadth of careers out there. "Sometimes I get people coming to me saying something like, 'I just know I want to work with animals.' They go away amazed at the
of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave. Through buffoonery, utter mismanagement and downright stealing of the wealth of the masses, these leaders have so impoverished Africa that we are now nothing but a beggar continent. We beg for everything; we are more dependent on our colonial masters than when we received our independence from them. Africa owes the West more money than we and our generations to come can pay. I arrived in America in December of 1967as an official of what we believed was going to be a dynamic African nation – the young Republic of Biafra. But Biafra was defeated and Nigeria remained one, as a giant of Africa. In the last 32 years, I have watched with horror and outright helplessness as the downward slide of the African race continues to escalate. But rather than address the problems, we
memory, people with brain damage). This enables the researchers study conditions that might be impossible or unethical to conduct in laboratory circumstances. Since cognitive processes are localized in the brain, modern neuroimaging technologies (CAT, fMRI) offer possibilities to look into the ongoing brain processes. Neuroscientists can now study which brain areas are active during cognitive processes, and how they can be disrupted by brain damage. Researchers then use their data to support cognitive models. Discuss ethical considerations related to research studies at the cognitive level of analysis. HM and Clive Wearing are famous case studies in cognitive psychology. Patient HM's hippocampus and amygdala were removed to cure his severe epilepsy, but the surgery, which caused him massive memory deficits that radically changed his life. The scientists could never have produced these kinds of circumstances purposely. In
It is a necessary part of becoming adult. During the last 30 years there were a lot of different trends in youth movements. All of them were characterized by their own philosophy, way of life, style of dressing. Each tendency was born by the influence of economic and political changes in the society. Those trends are known as the "hippies" the "punks" the "rockers". But certainly there are different traditional youth organizations in Great Britain. Among them -- the Scout Association, the Girl Guides Association, the National Union of Students, the Youth Club. The latter offers, for example, a wide range of sporting and social activities. The National Union of Students was founded in 1922. It operates through local branches in colleges and universities. It promotes the educational, social and general interests of students. But certainly the most numerous is the Scout Association, founded in 1908 for boys and in 1910 for girls by Lord Baden-Powel
· Writers task is to record facts, systems of behaviour, living conditions, never revealing any natural unbiased (completely natural) · Point of view: amoral-outside the category of morality, neither good or bad · Naturalist find it absurd to blame the wicked. These criminals are doing what nature, environment, their unconscious tells them to do. Naturalists do not judge their characters, they simply report. Try to describe facts like they are. Naturalists depict the lower, coarser forms of life. · Drab, squallid set of scene. Revolting, disgusting · Characters are people with strong animal desires · Neurotic characters unable to understand the forces that control them · By the end of the 18th century the naturalism depicts in europe, but stars to become the literature method no 1 in america
live in countryside and brought up Mary, who was also a Catholic. Next wife was Anne Bolyn, daughter of a knight. They had daughter called Elizabeth l. Time went by and Henry had to get rid of Anne, she was sent to tower accused of treason (riigi reetmine) and executed. Henry was free, needed another wife. Had six wives together. 1 died, 1 survived, 2 divorced, 2 killed. Henry had a son, was a king Edward Vl, died very young. Henry was a talented musican and scholar, spent much money on it. Soon he had spent all savings his father had collected, he needed money. He understood that monasteries had become useless. So he closed them, took away the riches dissolution of monasteries. When henry quarreled with the Pope, made England independent of Rome. Beginning of the Anglican church. Henry died 1547, only son came to throne Edward Vll, was too young to rule alone. There was acouncil of nobles who did it for him. Unfortunately
Chapter 3 Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however, with the assistance of her five daughters, could ask on the subject, was sufficient to draw from her husband any satisfactory description of Mr. Bingley. They attacked him in various ways--with barefaced questions, ingenious suppositions, and distant surmises; but he eluded the skill of them all, and they were at last obliged to accept the second-hand intelligence of their neighbour, Lady Lucas. Her report was highly favourable. Sir William had been delighted with him. He was quite young, wonderfully handsome, extremely agreeable, and, to crown the whole, he meant to be at the next assembly with a large party. Nothing could be more delightful! To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love; and very lively hopes of Mr. Bingley's heart were entertained. "If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield," said Mrs. Bennet to
final home of the artist. Kadriorg Art Museum The Kadriorg palace and park were founded by the Russian czar Peter I. According to the designs of the architect Niccolo Michetti, invited from Rome, the palace was built after the Italian villas, consisting of a main building and of two annexes. The well-preserved great hall is one of the best examples of Baroque architecture not only in Estonia but also in the whole Northern Europe. Besides Russian and Italian artists, masters from Stockholm, Riga and Tallinn took part in its building work. The two-storied hall is decorated with rich stucco work and ceiling paintings. The vestibule and some other rooms in the main building, as well as some of the stoves have retained their 18th-century appearance. The park was named Kadriorg (Catherine's Valley) after the empress Catherine I. Most of the Russian rulers, from Peter's daughter Elizabeth, to the last Romanov emperor Nicholas II,
1) INDIAN ROCK ART: A NATIONAL TREASURE IN DANGER Unrecognized, unprotected, this priceless legacy of primitive art has endured the ravages of nature only to fall victim to wanton destruction by ,,civilized" man. Like the huge stone statues of Easter Island and prehistoric cave paintings of Altamira and Lascaux, North American Indian rock art is surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery. Although examples of rock art exist at some 15000 sites in canyons, deserts, caves and river gorges. Nowadays, however, primitive rock art in the United States has become a new field of scientific study. Klaus F Wellmann wrote two books about rock art. He is a professor of medicine. Rock art represents the history of aboriginal Americans. In the most cases the art is an expression of ideas
IX. THE PLANTING OF NEW CREATIVE PRINCIPLES DURING THE POST-WAR YEARS. X. THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIFTIES. TOWARDS A MODERN IDIOM: EINO TAMBERG AND VELJO TORMIS. XI. THE NEOCLASSICISM AND CONSTRUCTIVE THINKING OF JAAN RÄÄTS. XII. THE FIRST HALF OF THE SIXTIES. DODECAPHONY OF ARVO PÄRT. XIII. THE DRAMATIC PHILOSOPHICAL OUTPUT OF HELMUT ROSENVALD. XIV. THE ELEMENTS OF JAZZ, FOLK MUSIC AND DODECAPHONY IN THE SYMPHONISM OF ANTI MARGUSTE. XV. HEIMAR ILVES AND HIS MUSIC – DEEP IN THOUGHT AND FEELING. XVI. THE POST-WAR SYMPHONIES OF EDUARD TUBIN. DEEPENING ACCENT ON PSYCHOLOGIC-DRAMATIC EXPRESSION. XVII. THE SECOND HALF OF THE SIXTIES. THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL IN THE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. JAAN KOHA. ESTER MÄGI. KULDAR SINK. XVIII. THE SEVENTIES. THE NINTH SYMPHONY OF EDUARD TUBIN. THE CREATIVE EVOLUTION OF ARVO PÄRT. XIX. THE SEVENTIES. STYLISTIC DIVERSIFICATION. THE MATURE STYLES OF HEINO JÜRISALU, ANTI MARGUSTE AND EINO TAMBERG. XX
The coat of arms features a kangaroo and an emu. The kangaroo and emu are chosen for the coat of arms of Australia because they can only move forward just like Australia. The national anthem of Australia is "Advance Australia Fair". This replaced the "God Save the Queen" as Australia's national anthem in 1984. Aboriginal art uses Earth Colours(white, red, orange, brown). These are the colours of the desert. Aboriginal artists made their paints from natural materials. Aboriginal paintings also use lots of dots. They used their fingers or sticks. There weren't any art shops where they could buy brushes. Aboriginal art includes lots of symbols for the natural things around them. Australia got its independence in 1st Jan 1901. The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy, in practise a parliamentary democracy. The head of state is the Queen of the United Kingdom. Governor-General Michael Jeffery, performs her functions in Queen's absence. The parliament consists the
1.4. Building Information Modeling in The United States Although BIM has been on the market for a number of years, it has not been adopted industry-wide to its full capacity. As of 2009, approximately half of industry 10 representatives were not using any BIM software on projects in the U.S (McGraw Hill 2009). A survey conducted in 2008 by the Structural Engineering Institute’s (SEI) BIM committee, revealed that out of 15,000 SEI members surveyed, approximately 65% said that they will have to use BIM to meet clients’ needs within the next two years; almost 80% said within the next five years. A survey of architects conducted from Dec. 3, 2005, to Jan. 6, 2006 by the American Institute of Architects showed that 74% of the respondents use some level of 3D digital modeling
diseases, including tuberculosis and smallpox, have been almost wiped out. Antibiotics are substances, produced by living things, that are poisonous to harmful bacteria, but no the patient. The most important antibiotic is penicillin. Doctors can now also transplant organs such as the heart and the kidneys. 3. The National Health Service The National Health Service was established in Britain after World War II. The government funds it. All taxpayers contribute to its support through insurance payment. NHS made it possible that the benefits once available only for insured persons, or those who could afford it or as a form of charity, became available to everyone. The patient is free to choose his doctor, and change to another if he wishes to do so. The doctor may accept private patients while taking part in the service. About 97% of the whole population of Great Britain is using the service. Only
policies of governments. Yet it has never had a chronicler. It badly needs one. It has been estimated that cryptanalysis saved a year of war in the Pacific, yet the histories give it but passing mention. Churchill's great history of World War II has been cleaned of every single reference to Allied communications intelligence except one (and that based on the American Pearl Harbor investigation), although Britain thought it vital enough to assign 30,000 people to the work. The intelligence history of World War II has never been written. All this gives a distorted view of why things happened. Furthermore, cryptology itself can benefit, like other spheres of human endeavor, from knowing its major trends, its great men, its errors made and lessons learned. I have tried in this book to write a serious history of cryptology. It is primarily a report to the public on
control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that, in operational and practical fact,, the medium is the message. This is merely to say that the personal and social consequences of any medium-that is, of any extension of ourselves-result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any new technology. Thus, with automation, for example, the new patterns of human association tend to eliminate jobs, it is true. That is the negative result. Positively, automation creates roles for people, which is to say depth of involvement in their work and human association that our preceding mechanical technology had destroyed. Many people would be disposed to say that it was not the machine, but what one did with the machine, that was its meaning or message. In terms of the ways in which the machine altered our relations to one another and to ourselves, it mattered not in the
c) I couldn't put that book down, it had such a…… plot. d) Most people find it difficult to understand …… art. e) My favourite television programmes are about …… affairs. f) Of course it's possible to like both classical and …… music. g) Everyone enjoyed the effects in the…… Star Wars films. h) I don't buy books because there's a good…… library nearby. i) We both found it a very…… film I'm afraid. j) George doesn't paint people, but mainly does…….. life paintings. k) It was an interesting book, and very…… 1) Unfortunately the boy upstairs is learning the …… guitar. Task 5. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence. a) Susan's first painting was a/an A portrait. A) self B) own C) selfish D) auto b) We all enjoyed the play so much that we…… for ten minutes. A) booed B) screamed C) applauded D) handed c) Peter sings every Sunday in the local church …… A) concert B) chorus C) opera D) choir
David Schwarz, W. Clement Stone, Earl Nightingale, Jim Rohn, Zig Ziglar, Dennis Waitley, and Charlie Jones. Business thinkers such as Peter Drucker, Andrew Grove, Ken Blanchard, Warren Bennis, Tom Peters, Nido Qubein, and Marshall Goldsmith have greatly enriched me with their ideas and insights. I would like to thank my editor, Matthew Holt of John Wiley & Sons, for his unflinching support of this book, and his constant en- couragement over the many months that it has taken to write and edit. Not least, I thank my wonderful wife Barbara and my fabulous children—Christina, Michael, David, and Catherine—for their sup- port and patience during the long hours away from them to finish this book. xi ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii
located 15 minutes walking time from the center of the city. The program includes Estonian bands and international acts as well featuring over a 100 concerts on more than 10 stages. Õllesummer is a friendly, safe and joyful event that attracts many tourists and visitors of Tallinn. Next Õllesummer festival will take place between 8-12 July 2009 in Tallinn Song Festival Grounds and offers again a huge variety of Estonian and International artists, special projects for the whole family. Beer culture plays a basic role in Õllesummer the festival has its origins in a beer festival and up to this day more than a hundred different beers from around the world can be tasted at Õllesummer.Food is offered at a number of different cuisine restaurants and cafes. Over the years many performers and starts have appeared at the festival. In 2007 more than a hundred performers appeared at more than ten stages
"I think that the Great Marquee had a sense of excitement: visitors would enter it expectantly, as if they were unwrapping a Christmas present." Head of Shows Development Bob Sweet Chelsea is, definitely, an event most gardeners love to visit and remember long afterwards. But why it is so? I have read lot about that Show. Everybody seems to be like this, even if there are lots of not so good things. First I thought it could be very nice way to spend day with family but Chelsea is not a family day out and they take care in targeting the garnering market. There is no discount for children, no family tickets, no children's play areas. Exhibitions want customers and our job is to manage the balance between the needs of exhibitors and those of the visitors. It's important to have the right number of exhibitors in each category with a good range of prices, from expensive to economic. They try to pick
Consequently, they were attracted to the idea of democracy, where the government is "of the people, by the people, for the people," as Lincoln later expressed in his Gettysburg Address. Religious Tolerance: Much impetus for the ideas of religious tolerance came from the rule of King George II, who was a staunch Catholic and did not allow freedom of religion to Protestants in New England. Voltaire was among the first to denounce Christianity and other organized religions as mere ploys to support monarchy. What emerged was Deism, which was more or less a new religion that considered reason its foundation. In Deism, there is no interference by a deity, and man controls his own destiny. These ideas stirred the masses into action, as the people dreamed of carving their own futures. Adopted by the Founding Fathers, Enlightenment ideals became the vision for modernday America, where these ideologies are deeply rooted in the nation. The Enlightenment was important
10 We ________________________ (perform) for years before we became famous. Marks: /10 2 Choose the correct form of the verb in these sentences. 1 We had been waiting/had waited for two hours when the train finally arrived. ____________ 2 My marks were bad and I thought I was failing/had failed the test. 3 In the 1960s people would protest/had protested on the streets, but not now. ____________ 4 When I was a child, we had been playing/played a lot of games at Christmas. ____________ 5 She was wet because she had stood/had been standing in the rain since midday. ____________ 6 The trees were white because it had been snowing/it was snowing all night
transmit information from one system to another in a different place via the telephone. This can cause problems, because addicts who use their computers all the time can overload the phone circuits meaning that other people cannot make ordinary phone calls. III Exercise 1. John wondered what the doctor would charge him for the operation. 2. I received a fine for illegal parking yesterday. 3. As soon as the school as sufficient funds, they will build a new gym. 4. This jumper cost me a lot of money. 5. Embarrassingly, we nearly left the restaurant without paying the bill. 6. The instructor's fee for driving lessons is £10,00 per hour. 7. He wouldn't accept a cheque as payment. 8. I have had an account at that bank for years. IV Exercise In Britain, some children start their education by going to a kindergarten or nursery school when they are 2 or 3 years old. They must go to school from the age of 5, when they usually
The oldest Estonian book dates back to 1535. Libraries form a vital part of education. They make available-through books, films, recordings and other media- knowledge that has been accumulated through the ages. People in all walks of life use libraries to get information for their work. Libraries also play an important role in preserving people's cultural heritage. For example, some libraries have rare books, authors' and composers' manuscripts or works by artists. Today's libraries differ very much from the ones from the past - not only in the contents and services, but also in physical layout and atmosphere. Library derives from the Latin word "liber" which means book. It shows that libraries were collections of books at first but now they have also a wide variety of other materials: magazines, newspapers, disc and cassette tape recordings, films and videos, computerized databases, maps etc. In addition to ordinary books libraries may have
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