Edel`s main schedule Tallinn -Tartu Tallinn Tallinn - Viljandi - Pärnu Tallinn-Viljandi, Tallinn Tallinn - Rakvere - Narva Tartu - Valga, Tartu - Orava, Tartu Koidula Railway museums in Haapsalu and Lavassaare Estonian Railway Museum in Haapsalu railway station and its territories. Museum of the1906th completed in Haapsalu Station attracts over 200 meters in length, covered platform There are locomotive depot ,Water Tower, Smithy, The Railway Children's homes, Luggage Building The Lavassaare locate at the Pärnu county in the south-western part of Estonia, 17 km's from Pärnu to north-west in Lavassaare settlement between the bogs. There are more than 70 items of different rolling stock in the outdoors exposition, including 5
ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed Karl Johannes Malm, the Captain (of Swedish origin) of his ship "Brig Morian", in this Castle. For this the baron was deported to Siberia. There are currently two schools in the Castle: Suuremõisa Gymnasium and Suuremõisa Technical School. In the latter one can also study how to become a ship's captain. · The Estonian Railway Museum is located in the socalled Emperor's Pavilion. Haapsalu Railway Station (built in 19051907) is one of the most peculiar buildings of the town; its wooden lace historical building style has become an example for many other representative houses of the town. The Railway Station project was compiled in St Petersburg and its grandeur stressed the importance of Haapsalu as a summer town hosting the crowned heads of Russia.
Tallinn English College English Sergo Vainumäe 9A TALLINN Report Supervisor: Inge Välja Tallinn 2006 Order of contents: 1.Introduction 2.Toompea 3.Lower Town 4.Kadriorg and Pirita 5.Museums 1. Introduction Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, lies on the Baltic Sea. It is on almost the same latitude east St. Petersburg in Russia, Stockholm in Sweden and Stavanger in Norway, and covers 158 sq km. Tallinn was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible which is commodious, firm, and occasionally delightful
followed, but independence only lasted for 20 years. 1 During World War II Estonia was occupied by both German and Russian invaders, and Tallinn suffered heavily. The bombing of the city by the Soviet air force on 9 March 1944 left over 20,000 people homeless. During the Russian occupation which followed (and which lasted for five decades) attempts were made to Russify the local people. Large-scale industry was developed in Tallinn, workers were resettled from Russia and new blocks of flats sprang up on the outskirts to provide housing for the newcomers. Tallinn was the biggest grain-handling port in the Soviet Union. Russian speakers out- numbered Estonians in Tallinn. Estonia re-established its independence on 20 August 1991. There is still a large block of granite on Toompea which recalls the days when people barricaded Lossiplats (Castle Square) to prevent Soviet tanks gaining access. Modern Tallinn and places to visit
Art Museum of Estonia Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia
Introduction Tallinn, the capital city of the Republic of Estonia and of the Harju county, is a town in North Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and covers an area of almost 160 sqkm. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In contrast to the ancient town-walls and towers, Tallinn of today offers modern hotels, restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC
London until 1739. Because the passage across this one bridge was narrow and clogged with traffic, it was much quicker for travellers to hire boatmen to row them across the river, or transport them up or down river. In 1191 Richard I acknowledged the right of London to self-government, and in 1192 the election of the first Mayor was held. In 1245 Henry III began his lifetime work of rebuilding Westminster Abbey, which was re- consecrated in 1269. An other building project of the medieval period was Old St. Paul's Cathedral which was finished in 1280. Tudor London 1485-1603 When Henry VII took the throne in 1485, the population of the city of London was about 75,000. By 1600 that number had risen to 200,000. London also grew in importance under the Tudor rule. As the Roman Catholic Church didn't give Henry VIII a divorce he wanted, he changed the entire religion of England. He also started to build ships, as Britain's navy
But, under the control of various English kings, London once again prospered as an international trading centre. However, Viking raids began in the late 10 th century and reached a head when they took the city under Danish king Canute and forced the then-English king to flee. Years later, following a victory at the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror was crowned King of England in the newly-finished Westminster Abbey in 1066. William granted the citizens of London special privileges while building a castle in the corner of the city to keep them under control. This castle was expanded by later kings and is now known as the Tower of London. The city grew in wealth and population during the Middle Ages. In 1100 its population was around 18,000 but after 200 years it had grown to nearly 100,000. However disaster struck during the Black Death, when London lost nearly a third of its population. After the defeat of the Spanish Armada, stability in politics allowed the city to grow even more
the Great Fire of London. London Bridge The home of the London Bridge is the Thames River, and a bridge has existed on the spot for at least the last 2000 years. The first bridge on record was constructed by the Romans, and since then many bridges have risen at the hands of various empires. London Bridge today remains one of the most popular tourist attractions in Britain as well as an icon for the City of London. London Bridge history records the building of a wooden bridge by the Romans about 2000 years ago. Historians suspect that the location was chosen for its relatively convenient access to the deeper ocean waters, as well as the excellent land conditions available for bridge building. The home of the London Bridge as it appeared in Roman times was in virtually the same spot as the home of the London Bridge today, suspended over the Thames River. The Romans were not the only people in London Bridge history to construct a wooden bridge
HISTORY The history of rail transport in Estonia starts in 1870 when a line was opened connecting Paldiski, Tallinn, Tapa and Narva; the line extending all the way to St. Petersburg in Russia. The first railway line to be built in Estonia was the Paldiski Tallinn Narva Gatchina line constructed in 1870; Baltic German nobility provided the impetus for the construction of the line, though because of the Russian influence the line was built to 1524mm gauge to connect with the line from St. Petersburg to Warsaw . The construction project was controlled by the Russian Ministry of Roads. The port of Paldiski was chosen
city wall. But that city wall was eliminated in the construction of a new wall to the west. The freed area became a beautiful wide street with local significance, its main purpose was to create a link between the monastery of St Michael's female Cistercians (founded in 1294) and St Olaf's church. Previous names of the street also refer to it: Susterstrate 1361; Platea sororum 1364-1380; 1606 Süsterstrasse and Schwestergasse, all of which include the concept of a nun or a sister. After the Reformation, the monastery was eliminated and in 1631 a gymnasium was founded in its rooms, but the street name remained in the form of Süsterstrasse and Cisternstrasse. It was not until the 18th century that the name Lai also started to appear. In 1872, when the street names were being fixed, Lai remained the sole name of the street. 4 1 Lai Street / 4 Nunne Street
whales, penguins and dolphins. Mt Cook National Park Mt Cook and surrounding area is an alpine park within the South Westland World Heritage area. Mt Cook, Mt Tasman and Mt Sefton. This glacier is New Zealand's longest and it has one of longest ski runs in the world. Top ten places to visit in New Zealand Westland National Park Famous for its two glaciers, Franz Josef and Fox glaciers. They are unique as they are the closest glaciers to the coastline of any in the world outside of the polar regions. Mountain range bigger in area than the European Alps. Tongariro National Park The park contains 3 active volcanos that are situated in a desert like landscape. Mt Ruapehu is the largest volcano and last erupted in 1995 and 1996. A conical volcano called Mt Ngauruhoe is located next to Ruapehu and is the location for the Tongariro Crossing.
St. Catherine's Church (hence the passage name) and various large, ancient tombstones that used to line the inside of the sanctuary. On the southern portion of the passage, you'll find numerous artisan workshops, where you'll even get see them hard at work creating new items. City wall Tallinn's medieval city wall is a sub-facility that was built to protect the lower Tallinn and upper Tallinn (Toompea). The building of the city wall began in 1310th years, and by improving over time it formed the city wall with defensive buildings (towers). It was finished by the end of the 1561. Then it was 2.35-kilometer-long circular wall, which had 27 wall gate, 8 tower gate and 21 other stone fortifications. Many parts of the town wall have survived until today Great Coastal Gate (Suur Rannavärav) and Fat Margaret's Tower (Paks Margareeta)
fauna. Jõgeva town The small town of Jõgeva town is located on the eastern side of Middle-Estonia. You won't find large buildings or breathtaking architecture here, but an overwhelming sense of togetherness and plenty of cultural events, the majority of them geared towards younger people. Jõgeva town was born 130 years ago, thanks to the Tapa-Tartu railway: this is where the first train stopped and a village formed around the railway station. Just half a century later, Jõgeva earned its town rights. There are about 6500 people living in Jõgeva. Jõgeva events · The festival year in Jõgeva starts with a music festival dedicated to the tragic Estonian composer Alo Mattiisen · In June, around mid-summer's day, when Estonia enjoys its white nights, Jõgeva town organises its "Helisev Suveöö" ("Sound of a Midsummer Night") festival, when
assistant major Konstantin Päts. In 1905 was bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg and this influenced estonian workers: mass meeting, had conflicts with police. 17.10.1905 was made first estonian party Eesti Rahvameelne Eduerankond created by newspaper ,,Postimees" supporters. In 1906 was created estonian proffesional theatre ,,Estonia". Theathre ,,Estonia" In 1912 was started to constructing seastronghold and war harbour ( Peter the Great seastronghold). In 1913 was created power station, theatre building ,,Estonia" and townapothecary's shop was opened. In Kopli was established ship factories( ,,Vene-Balti's", ,,Noblenesser's" and ,,Bekker's factory"). Tramway was opened in Kopli in 1915 by factories ( ,,Vene-Balti's", ,,Noblenesser's" and ,,Bekker's factory") to they'r workers transport. 4 Independent Estonia (1918-1940)
01.2010 Juhendaja: Roode Liias ……………………….. Ülesande vastu võtnud: Tanel Friedenthal ………………………. Abstract How are 3D and BIM Changing the Design, Fabrication and Construction of Complex Steel Structures? The adoption of three-dimensional (3D) design and construction tools have created a remarkable shift in the building industry. Intelligent 3D technology in the form of Building Information Modeling (BIM) not only promises to improve the notoriously inefficient construction process, but also opens the door for designing new geometric shapes, which until recently have been considered unbuildable. Steel has been extensively used to build some of the most challenging architectural icons of the 21st century, due to its low weight and high strength in both compression and tension. Therefore, the steel
as “ward off the enemy”) was built, on the north-east corner was a round cannon tower Landskrone (“crown of the land”), and on the north-west corner, which offered relatively good natural protection owing to the hill bank, a small corbelled tower, Pilsticker (“arrow-sharpener”). Three of these towers have been preserved. Stür den Kerl was demolished in the 18th century when the government administration building was being erected. The core of the fortress was taken up by the Convent House, built to a specific plan and the layout evolved in the course of the Order´s construction activities.In the 1920s the house, which had fallen into disrepair, was replaced with the building of the parliament of the Republic of Estonia that follows in general the layout of the medieval construction. The building was designed by Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson, who later proved to be Estonia’s most
labour. The rapid development of the manorial economy in the mid- 18th century was founded on the spread of liquor distilling. The spirits sold in Russia, the mash from the distilleries was used to fatten the cattle, whose manure was fertilizing the fields. At the same time, the lifestyle of the nobility and other Baltic Germans became far more refined. Taking advantage of the economic boom, they erected grand neo-classical mansions surrounded by splendid parks which adorn the Estonian landscape even today. Influences of Pietism and the Moravian Brethren Being joined to Russia did not mean isolation for Estonia
London Tube Tube The London Underground, or 'the Tube' as it is universally known to Londoners, is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting round London. London's Tube Network Greater London is served by 12 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway(DLR) and an interconnected local train network. Trains generally run between 5am and midnight, Monday to Saturday. Operating hours are reduced on Sunday. Exact details depend on the station and the line, so it's worth checking the Transport for London website. Cheaper by Oyster Oyster card prices are always cheaper than paper tickets for the Tube. The cash single fare for all journeys via Zone 1 is £4, up to £2.40 more than the Oyster fare. Something about history
The Romans. They burnt Londinium to the ground but Roman armies eventually defeated Boudicca. The city was rebuilt and was gradually surrounded with a wall of stone and brick which lasted for many centuries. During the archeological excavations in 1954 the Roman Temple of Mithras was revealed. It was a pagan temple dedicated to the Persian Sun-god. The Temple was later reconstructed only a short way from its original site and the relics are displayed in the Museum of London in the Barbican. At the end of the fourth century AD the Roman Empire began to crumble and the Roman armies were recalled from Britain to defend Rome itself. Once they had left Anglo-Saxons invaded and settled in Britain. They were farming people who preffered to live outside towns. For a while London probably lay in ruins, but it eventually developed again, partly because of its position on the river was good for trading. The Tower of London
● Tallinn - used after Estonia gained its independence in 1918, origin is definitely estonian; meaning Taani-linn, tali- linn. Liberty Square ● The central square of Tallinn, it was renovated in 2008. There used to be Harju gate, which can now be seen through glass. ● The statue of Liberty, 2009; represents freedom, Estonia has been under many foreign powers, starting with Danes, Sweden, German and Russia. The clock of liberty, 2004. Kiek in de Kök ● The cannon tower, founded in 1475-1483. Kiika kööki, peek into the kitchen, from up there it was possible to peek into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum. ● Town Wall (Unesco) - one of the greatest towers of Tallinn’s Town Wall, Old Town declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 Toompea
conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert master and conductor at the Vanemuise Theatre. In 1944, when the theatre was destroyed, he left Estonia to Sweden. Monument to Gustav II Adolf In 1632, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, then at the war camp near Nürnburg, signed the charter to found Tartu University, which was also named Academia Gustaviana in his honour. The memorial statue to King Gustav II Adolf (1594-1632) stood next to the main building of the university from 1928, until 1950, when it was removed by the Soviet occupation forces. With Swedish assistance, it was repaired and re-mounted 42 years later, in 1992. The King of Sweden was present both at the original and the re-opening of the monument. Elisabeth Tebelius-Myren authored the restored work. Karl Ernst von Baer monument Karl Ernst von Baer was a naturalist, the founder of comparative embryology and
.....................................................................................................12 References..........................................................................................................................................13 Introduction What is nuclear power? Nuclear power is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay. All utility-scale reactors heat water to produce steam, which is then converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion. In 2007, 14% of the world's electricity came from nuclear power. More than 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built, and a few radioisotope rockets have been produced. Nuclear life cycle The Nuclear Fuel Cycle begins when uranium is mined, enriched, and manufactured into nuclear
its large parks. The most famous parks are Bushy Park, Green Park, Greenwich Park, Regents park, Richmond Park, St James's park and Hyde park. Hyde Park is the best known because it's the largest and finest park in London. Its territory is 140 hectares. It is famous for its public speakers who stand on a box, a table or just a chair and talk to little crowds about all sorts of political, social and other ideas. The Greenwich Park is also special, because it is surrounding the national sea museum. The Regents Park is known, because there is the London zoo. The London zoo, opened in 1828 as a scientific zoo, is the oldest one in the whole world. In 1848, it was opened for people. The London zoo covers 36 acres and there are about 5000 animals in the zoo. The zoo is open every day except Christmas Day. The ticket costs 14 pounds for and adult and 10.75 pounds for a child. St. James's park is famous for its water birds, for example ducks and pelicans
It is written in the chronicles that Kiek in de Kök was once the most powerful tower along the Baltic shores. The round cannon tower, built in the 15th century, has a diameter of 17 meters. Its height is 38 meters and its walls are 4 meters thick. The tower was just high enough that its guards had a view into the kitchens of neighbouring buildings. The tower s name, "peek in the kitchen", comes from its height. The tower was partially destroyed during the Livonian War (1558-1583), but the building itself did not fall. The tower has been rebuilt several times, but up until the 20th century, it was still being used as a gunpowder storage and storehouse. Today the tower tells the story of the birth and development of Tallinn and the most important military events from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The external wall still holds stone and iron cannonballs from Russian tsar Ivan IV. The Great Coastal Gate, built along with the city wall, is situated on the northern side of the Old
cocktail. According to the first, the name comes from Martini & Rossi, an Italian firm that has been exporting vermouths to the U.S from the 19th century. Supposedly, the name of the firm was in existence then. Second theory claims that martini is simply a dryer version of an older cocktail called the martinez which was created in Martinez, California by professor Jerry Thomas, when a gold miner visited his San Francisco bar and asked for a unique drink. In another version of the story, it was local bartender Julio Richelieu in Martinez in 1870 who was asked to make a new drink by a gold miner. Regardless of the orgin, the drink refers to a cocktail made with gin and vermouth, and garnished with an olive or a lemon twist. Maven – In the modern American English, maven means someone who knows a lot about a particular subject. The term comes from Yiddish meyvn and from Hebrew mebhin, literally translating into "one who understands
.............................3 2. History.........................................................................................................4 3. Early History...............................................................................................4 4. The Post-War Years....................................................................................5 5. Recent History.............................................................................................6 6. Estonian Maritime Museum and the Seaplane Harbour.............................6 7. Comments on the Seaplane Hangars...........................................................7 8. Restoration..................................................................................................7 9. Interesting Facts..........................................................................................8 10. Summary...................................................................................................9 11
Tallinn Mustamäe College G2K Jaana-Kristiina Jõgevest The Four oldest churches of Tallinn Report Supervisor: Ingrid Teigar Tallinn 2009 The Dome Church The Danes began fortification of Toompea after the conquest of Tallinn in 1219 and probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229. The first written data on the cathedral date back to 1233, the date of a
It is also set into the small coat of arms of Tallinn. Great coat of arms - three lions, a knight, and Danish queen; leaves around Old Thomas - quardian of Tallinn, put on top of the spire of Tallinn Town Hall in 1530; boy that excelled springtime contests thrown by Baltic German elite, because of his low-born status was unable to receive a prize, therefore was granted the position of town guard. Right now there’s third Old Thomas, first one can be seen at Tallinn City Museum. Toompea as a symbol of power Toompea palace - wooden fortification was originally built in the 9th century, Danes made the castle the centre of secular power; Toompea palace hosts the parliament of the Republic of Estonia, designed by Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson. The parliament has 101 members and is chosen for 4 years. Stenbock House - the official seat of the Estonian Government since 2000; the building started in 1787, originally meant to be a courthouse
Estonia is a small country about the size of Switzerland, or New Hampshire and Massachussetts combined. Estonia is named after the people called "Ests" who lived in the region in the 1 st century AD. The Republic of Estonia is one of the three countries commonly known as the "Baltic States". The other Baltic States are Latvia and Lithuania. 2. Geographical position Estonia is situated in northeastern Europe. Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic Sea in Estonia is characterized by numerous gulfs and bays, the biggest of them being the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Pärnu. Bays include the Narva Bay, Matsalu Bay, Kolga Bay, Kunda Bay, Tallinn Bay etc. Estonia has over 1500 islands, the largest being Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, Muhu and Vormsi.
The beginning of London Before the founding of London, there had already been smaller groups of people in the area. There aren't any records on who they were. The first mayor settlement of London was in 43 AD. Romans came to the banks of the river Thames. They built houses, a port and a bridge over the river (later known as London Bridge). They named the place Londinium. In the year 200 they built a wall around their city. The wall doesn't exist today, but a part of it can be seen near the Museum of London. In the year 61 Londinium was burned down. The houses were made out of wood back then, so this was easy to do. The people, who destroyed the city, were from the Iceni tribe. The tribe was located to the north-east of Londinium. They had bad relations with the Romans, which is why they burned down the place. London was rebuilt in the year 100. During the 2nd century, Roman London had a population around 60 000 people. In the 8th century there was a lot of Vikings attacking the city
7 million a century later. During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance. The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini which linked London to every corner of Britain. These included Euston station (1837), Paddington station (1838), Fenchurch Street station (1841), Waterloo station (1848), King's Cross station (1850), and St Pancras station (1863). From 1863, the first lines of the London Underground were constructed.Parliament finally gave consent for the MBW to construct a massive system of sewers. The engineer put in charge of building the new system was Joseph Bazalgette. In what was one of the largest civil
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