The Tate Gallery is the most necessary compliment to the National Gallery as it contains contemporary works particularly by English and French masters. The British Museum is the largest and richest of its kind in the world. It comprises the national museum of archaeology and ethnography and the national library. The present building was built in 1852. By law a copy of every book, periodical and newspaper, published in Britain must be presented in the British museum. It contains books and manuscripts: Greek, Roman, British and Oriental antiques. It has a department of Ethnography. This collection is so vast that only a very small percentage of it is on show to the public. There's also a department of prints and drawings. There're departments devoted to maps, coins, medals and philately. Those who come to the British museum can see a fascinating array of clocks and watches. Cultural life of London would
basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the best known piece of Anglo-Saxon art is the Bayeux Tapestry which was commissioned by a Norman patron from English artists working in the traditional Anglo-Saxon style. The most common example of Anglo-Saxon art is coins, with thousands of examples extant. Anglo-Saxon artists also worked in fresco, ivory, stone carving, metalwork and enamel, but few of these pieces had survived. Literature
Kate and William have asked their guests not to bring gifts, but asked that they would support the royal wedding charity fund, which are placed in 26-charitable fund. William got engaged to Kate in October 2010, but married 29 April 2011. Westminster Abbey The present church, begun by Henry III in 1245, is one of the most important Gothic buildings in the country. The Library and Muniment Room houses the important (and growing) collections of archives, printed books and manuscripts belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. Prints William Prince William is the elder son of Charles and Diana and third eldest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. He was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, and countries in Africa, most notably Kenya where he has lived and holidayed several times.
most important citizens · In 1607 his daughter Susanna married dr John Hall · In 1608 Shakespeare's granddaughter Elizabeth Hall was born · Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616 and is buried in Holy Trinity Church in Stratford · Not till 7 years after Shakespeare's death was ,,the Folio"; the first attempt at an authentic edition of his works, published · The 1623 edition, containing 36 plays, was printed from stage manuscripts od the company to which Shakespeare had belonged. This Folio of 1623 is the most important book in English literature Theatre · The Globe was an octagonal building, with a thatched roof covering only the perimeter of the area · Under the roof were 3 levels of galleries that surrounded a yard about 65-feet in diameter · The galleries looked down on the stage, a rectangular platform of 27 by 43 feet that occupied about a third of the yard at one end
The oldest Estonian book dates back to 1535. Libraries form a vital part of education. They make available-through books, films, recordings and other media- knowledge that has been accumulated through the ages. People in all walks of life use libraries to get information for their work. Libraries also play an important role in preserving people's cultural heritage. For example, some libraries have rare books, authors' and composers' manuscripts or works by artists. Today's libraries differ very much from the ones from the past - not only in the contents and services, but also in physical layout and atmosphere. Library derives from the Latin word "liber" which means book. It shows that libraries were collections of books at first but now they have also a wide variety of other materials: magazines, newspapers, disc and cassette tape recordings, films and videos, computerized databases, maps etc
Universaalsed võrgu-digiraamatukogud · Linkkikirjasto http://www.kirjastot.fi/linkkikirjasto · ibiblio - the public's library and digital archive http://www.ibiblio.org/ · Internet Public Library www.ipl.org Temaatilised, (teadus)valdkonna -põhised digitaalraamatukogud 1. Temaatilised (C.Tenopir: fokusseeritud spetsiaalkogud) · - Digital Archive for Chinese Studies (DACHS) - http://www.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/dachs/ · - Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts - http://www.kb.nl/kb/manuscripts/ · - Agricola · - Kotkan Merikirjasto: Virtuaalikirjasto Majakka http://www2.kotka.fi/merikirjasto/ · - Central and Eastern European Online Library (CEEOL) http://www.ceeol.com · - Ethnomathematics Digital Library http://www.ethnomath.org Temaatilised, (teadus)valdkonna -põhised digitaalraamatukogud 2. Tekstiarhiivid, teadusartiklite arhiivid · www.arXiv.org
The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest Author Stieg Larsson was a Swedish journalist and writer. He was born in 1954. He is best known for writing the "Millennium series". He died suddenly and unexpectedly in November 2004, soon after delivering the manuscripts for "the Millennium trilogy". Since his death, Stieg Larsson has been haunting the bestseller list and popular media worldwide. There are many millions of copies of the millennium tilogy that has been sold worldwide. Unfortunately Larsson did not live to see the phenomenon his work has become. Sweden has already produced a trilogy of films based on the novels, and now Hollywood is doing the same. Characters *Lisbeth Salander the headcharacter in the book
the many thousands lines they were required to know ny heart. Each of the two halves of an Anglo-Saxon line contains two stressed syllables, and an alliterative must be carried over across the caesura. Often features a distinctive set of rhetorical devices, like the kenning. 4.) Who is the Venerable Bede and what is he famous for? The Venerable Bede is the author of "The Ecclesiastical History of the English People", which is a record of the development of Christianity in England. 150 manuscripts have survived of the piece. 5.) Name the Fours significant volumes of Old English Verse that date back to the Anglo Saxon Period. 1) The Junius manuscript 2) The Beowulf 3) The Verchelli Book 4) The Exeter Book 6.) Beowulf: who and when composed the epic?, when does the action take place?, who is the storyteller?(how do we know?), What kind of society is described in Beowulf?, when and by whom was Beowulf re-discovered
in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed a revival of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. (wikipedia)Bridge between Medieval Ages and Modern Era. 2. Where did the Renaissance start and why? In the opening years of the 14th century, there began to develop in Italy and increasing interest in the manuscripts that had survived from ancient Greece and Rome. Italy fell under the spell of the intellectual movement we've come to call the Renaissance the rebirth of scholarship based on classical learning and philosophy. 3. Why did the Renaissance focus on the human spirit? Stimulated by the discovery that the men and women of ancient Greece and Rome were intelligent, cultured, and creative, the Renaissance gradually became also the rebirth of
10. 2009. Soe, Katri 2004. Sorbonne revolutsioonirahava ülikool. http://www.ap3.ee/Default2.aspx? PaperArticle=1&code=2710/new_eri_artiklid_271005; 21. 10. 2009. Vitry, Jacques de 13. sajand. Life of the Students at Paris. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/vitry1.html; 21. 10. 2009. Wikipedia 1: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University; 21. 10. 2009. Wikipedia 2: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_university; 21. 10. 2009 . ILLUSTRATSIOONID Pilt 1. http://www.upenn.edu/ARG/archive/manuscripts/book1.jpg; 21. 10. 2009. Pilt 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ScuolaMedicaMiniatura.jpg; 21. 10. 2009. Pilt 3. http://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/d/d4/Sorbonne_17thc.jpg; 21. 10. 2009. Pilt 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Philo_mediev.jpg; 21. 10. 2009.
interest. The Renaissance was especially strong in Italian cities. They became centres of trade, wealth and education. Many cities, like Venice, Genoa and Florence had famous citizens who were very rich and gave the city a lot of money. The printing of books led to a new way of thinking. Scholars of the Renaissance returned to the writings of Greek and Roman philosophers. These writings are called the "classics". More and more scholars learned to read Greek and Latin and studied old manuscripts on topics like science, art and life.During the Middle Ages people were guided by the church, which was against wealth, trading goods and other worldly interests. Humanists, however, did not believe that much in religion. They thought that money and trade were important in life and that citizens needed a good general education. During the Renaissance a churchman named Martin Luther changed Christianity. In 1517 he
vajadusele individuaalselt, sh intervjuude ja käsikirjade vormistamist. Internetiallikate viitamist vt allpool. Muude (ajalooliste) allikate ja arhiivi viidete puhul soovitame eeskuju võtta EMTA aastaraamatu Res Musica [2010] juhendist. Kasutatud kirjandus American Psychological Association (2006). Publication Manual of The American Psychological Association (6th edition). Washington, DC: Autor. Calfee, R. C. & Valencia, R. R. (2001). APA Guide to Preparing Manuscripts for Journal Publication, Washington. DC: American Psychological Association. [lae alla siit: http://www.tlu.ee/CFME09/APA-guide.pdf] Res Musica [2010]. Artiklite esitamine. http://www.ema.edu.ee/muusikateadus/. [13.10.2010]. Roomets, S. (2002). Üliõpilastööd ja nende vormistamine arvutil. Tallinn. Tallinna Ülikooli kirjastus (2010). Viiteallikate vormistusjuhend [käsikiri koostatud 29.03.2010].
economy and the creation of a bourgeois class who could afford to patronize the arts and commission works resulting in a proliferation of paintings and illuminated manuscripts. Increased literacy and a growing body of secular vernacular literature encouraged the representation of secular themes in art. With the growth of cities, trade guilds were formed and artists
tablets. In the 5th century, Isidore of Seville explained the relation between codex, book and scroll in his Etymologiae (VI.13): "A codex is composed of many books; a book is of one scroll. It is called codex by way of metaphor from the trunks (codex) of trees or vines, as if it were a wooden stock, because it contains in itself a multitude of books, as it were of branches." Middle Ages Manuscripts Folio 14 recto of the 5th century Vergilius Romanus contains an author portrait of Virgil. Note the bookcase (capsa), reading stand and the text written without word spacing in rustic capitals. The fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. saw the
Peculiarities of Old English pronunciation and spelling /f/ and /v/ were allophones, i.e. there was no phonemic difference between them: no minimal pairs where /f/ and /v/ would make a difference in meaning. The letter f used for both. In a voiced environment the pronunciation voiced, ie /v/, in a voiceless environment unvoiced, ie /f/. At the beginning of words: debatable. By constrast, vowel length was phonemic: man /man/ human being, man mn /ma :n/ - evil; witchcraft In old manuscripts vowel length indicated by ´ (like a stress mark), in modern editions a strike over the vowel. The scribes proceeded from the Latin alphabet. However, there were sounds in Old English that Latin did not have. Solutions had to be found. /æ/ - the sound is between /a/ and /e/, so a digraph (Greek for "two + letter") was created: æ (A similar thing in French, the digraph oe still in use, e.g. oeil eye) Old English had /ü/ like other Germanic languages today (e.g. German). (The sound was
läbi viima hakata. Kasutatud allikad Caenegem, R. C. van. European law in the past and the future : unity and diversity over two millennia. Cambridge, New York. 2002 Caenegem, R.C. van Judges, Legislators and Professors, Cambridge University Press. 1992 Maitland, F.W. Canon Law in England, The English Historical Review, Vol. 11, Nr. 43 (Jul. 1896) lk. 446-478. Radding, C. Ciaralli, A. The Corpus iuris civilis in the Middle Ages: manuscripts and transition from the sixth century to the juristic revival, 2007 Fondation Francqui-Stichting ,,LAUREATES OF THE FRANCQUI PRIZE" http://www.francquifoundation.be/ang/laureat_en.htm, vaadatud 04.04.2012
7.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries across England and were independently updated. In one case, the chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154. Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value and none of them are the original version. 8. Beowulf Beowulf is the most famous heroic poem (written down 8-9cc) Beowulf is a war-leader from Scandinavia.He rescued the land of the Danes from a man-like monster Grendel. The monster kills the hero.The poet describes the funeral and how warriors mourned their king. 9. The Vikings, their way of life. Sutton Hoo
It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. The Ostromir Gospels of 1056 is the second oldest East Slavic book known, one of many medieval illuminated manuscripts preserved in the Russian National Library. Dialectal differentiation accelerated after the breakup of Kievan Rus' in approximately 1100. On the territories of modern Belarus and Ukraine emerged Ruthenian and in modern Russia medieval Russian. They became distinct since the 13th century, i.e. following the division of that land between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Hungary in the west and independent Novgorod and Pskov feudal republics plus numerous small duchies (which came
late B. A. Stirling-Webb. The taxidermist’s work showed a large cat of strictly ‘domestic’ type. " There are many theories about the origin of the Siamese. The Seal Point Siamese was known as the Royal Cat of Siam because it was found in palaces. It seems to have been familiar in the ancient Siam city of Ayudha which was founded in 1350 and was Siam's capital until destroyed by fire during the Burmese invasion of 1767. In Bangkok's National Library there are manuscripts from Ayudha which describe native fauna. "The Cat Book of Poems" depicts pale coated Seal Point Siamese, describing them as having black tails, feet and ears with white hair and blue eyes. No one really knows what the cats of ancient Siam looked like or whether they were bred for body type or purely for colour and pattern with little regard for shape. Another problem is that artists often stylize their illustrations.
group. A system called "the hermit metamorphosing letters" writes the text backwards. [Codebreakers 078.jpg] In the Europe of the Latin alphabet—from which modern cryptology would spring—cryptography flickered weakly. With the collapse of the Roman empire, Europe had plunged into the obscurity of the Dark Ages. Literacy had all but disappeared. Arts and sciences were forgotten, and cryptography was not excepted. Only during the Middle Ages occasional manuscripts, with an infrequent signature or gloss or "deo gratias" that a bored monk put into cipher to amuse himself, fitfully illuminate the cryptologic darkness, and, like a single candle guttering in a great medieval hall, their feeble flarings only emphasize the gloom. The systems used were simple in the extreme. Phrases were written vertically or backwards; dots were substituted for vowels; foreign alphabets, as Greek, Hebrew, and Armenian, were used; each
the general theory of drama and narrative. It is a critical concept, the point of drama according to Aristotle, and its roots go back to the beginnings of language, art, and ritual. We have little chance o f ever knowing for sure what Aristotle meant by catharsis. H i s work has come down to us in shreds. Less than half of what he wrote survives and most of that comes from rotted, jumbled manuscripts found under a building. Scholars disagree vigorously about what Aristode meant by catharsis and there is even a theory that the word was inserted into the Poetics by an over-eager copyist at a place where the text was garbled, because Aristotle had promised in an earlier book that he would eventually get around to defining catharsis. Whatever it meant to Aristotle, the word has come to mean something to us:
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