2. Where is prairie, pampas, steppe, and veldt situated? EurasiaSteppe, North America-Prairie, South AmericaPampa, South AfricaVeldt 3. Using the climate diagram describe the climate of the region. Temperate deciduous forest -Well-defined seasons with a distinct winter characterize this forest biome. Moderate climate and a growing season of 140-200 days during 4-6 frost-free months distinguish temperate forests. Temperature varies from -15° C to 25° C. Precipitation (750-1500 mm) is distributed evenly throughout the year. Temperate grassland- Semiarid, continental climates of the middle latitudes typically have between 25 cm and 50 cm of precipitation a year. Much of this falls as snow, serving as reservoir of moisture for the beginning of the growing season
1. Key features for all studied biomes. Tundra The main seasons are winter and summer. The tundra is the world's coldest and driest biomes. The average annual temperature is -28° C. Nights can last for weeks when the sun barely rises during some months in the winter, and the temperature can drop to -70° C. During the summer the sun shines almost 24 hours a day. Summer are usually warm. Average summer temperatures range from 3° to 16°C. TaigaTaiga is the Russian word for forest and is the largest biome in the world. It stretches over Eurasia and North America. The taiga is located near the top of the world, just below the tundra biome. The winters in the taiga are very cold with only snowfall. The summers are warm, rainy, and humid. Some of the animals in the taiga hibernate in the winter, some fly south if they can, while some just cooperate with the environment. GrasslandsGrassland biomes can be found in the middle latitudes
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o Plantations o Boreal forest o Temperate forest o Seasonal or monsoon forest Tropical and Subtropical Forests
http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/programmes/tv/jungle/vjungle.shtml Virtual Jungle worksheet I 1. Structure 1.1. Describe these layers Emergents The canopy trees are tall, but some species grow even taller until they stick right out above the canopy. These are called 'emergents' and can reach almost 90m in height. Up here they don't have to compete with other trees for light, but they are exposed to the high winds that lash the canopy during tropical storms. Emergents are the favourite nest sites of jungle eagles such as the harpy eagle of South America. Canopy Suspended 40m above the ground is the canopy - a belt of tree crowns supported by enormous rainforest tree trunks. This is the most productive and diverse habitat on Earth - perhaps 40% of the world's species spend their lives among its branches. The canopy's function is to photosynthesise
Location: Temperate forests are typical of all European continent, the Eastern region of Asia (in special, Chinese and Japan) and North America. Also are finded in tempered areas of South America. Climate: The average temperature in temperate forests is 50° F. Summers are mild, and average about 70° F, while winter temperatures are often well blow freezing. The average yearly precipitation is 30-60 inches. This precipitation falls throughout the year, but in the winter it falls as snow. There are four seasons in this biome, with warm summers and cold winters, often snowy. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall from the trees. The leaves decay on the forest floor, so the soil is very rich. Because of this, and because of the long growing season, many deciduous forests have been cut down for farming purposes. Plants: Trees of this biome include hardwoods such as maple, oak, hickory, and beech. There are often some evergreens, such as hemlock, spruce, and fir growing amongst them
Table of content Introduction................................................................................................................................................3 The forests of New Guinea .......................................................................................................................5 The problem with trading wildlife.....................................................................................................6 Animals of the lowlands....................................................................................................................8 Reptiles...................................................................................................................................................8 Crocodiles, leaving New Guinea as skins and back straps ...............................................................9 Vital waterways for people and wildlife.......................................
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE RAINFOREST The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to capture on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest. Rainforests have evolved over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and breathing renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have contributed a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw
http://www.geo.ut.ee/kooligeo/loodus/rohtlad.htm Temperate Grassland Worksheet 1. Where is temperate grassland situates? Temperate grasslands are located in the mid-latitudes. There are six large areas of temperate grassland: the Pampas in South America, the Veld in Africa, the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand, the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, the Prairies in North America and the Steppes in Central Asia. 2. Colour the distribution of temperate grassland on the map. 3. How is temperate grassland called in these regions? Eurasia - steppe Hungary - puzda North America - prarie South America - pampa South Africa - veldt 4
Savanna A savanna is a grassland ecosystem with scattered trees or shrubs. In savannas trees are small or widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. It is often believed that savannas are characterized by widely spaced, scattered trees, however in many savanna communities tree densities are higher and trees are more regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest and desert or prairie.
3. Relief Australia is the smallest continent in the world It is often called the island continent because is too big for an island but rather small for a continent. Australia is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 6,000 miles of ocean separate in from the America. Australia is the only continent except for Antarctica that lies all south of the equator. The natural zones of Australia are very various. There are deserts, semi deserts, grasslands, savannas, bushlands and rainforests. The wet forests occupy the narrow region in the east. Most of the animals, birds and insects live in that region, because there is enough food. The savannas which are grasslands with some trees are mostly in the west. Farther west are the bushlands. The real deserts occupy the centre of the Western Plateau. In the very south west there are thin forests of evergreens trees.
· Religion : 68.9% Christian, 1.1% Rastafarian, 6.5% Other, 2.3% Not stated, 21.3% None · Demonym: Jamaican · Jamaica is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II serving as the Jamaican monarch · Independence from the United Kingdom, Granted 6 August 1962 · Currency: Jamaican dollar (JMD) · Jamaica is divided into 14 parishes, which are grouped into three historic counties that have no administrative relevance. · Jamaica's climate is tropical, supporting diverse ecosystems with a wealth of plants and animals. · Areas of heavy rainfall contain stands of bamboo, ferns, ebony, mahogany, and rosewood. · Cactus and similar dry-area plants are found along the south and southwest coastal area. Parts of the west and southwest consist of large grasslands, with scattered stands of trees. The Jamaican animal life- typical of the Caribbean, includes a highly diversified bird life. Parrots,
Tallinna Inglise Kolledz Canada. The land of diversity. Tallinn 2006 Canada. If you had to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. Canada is the second largest country in the world with a territory of about 10 million square kilometers and it is bordered by three oceans: the Arctic, the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. The population of Canada is about 31 million people. About 77% of the people live in cities which lie in a band about 100 miles wide above the border of the United States. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Toronto,
Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Over 30 000 entries attracted the official competition. Five of them, which contained almost identical designs, were placed equally first. The Australian flag symbolises Australia's historical links with Britain, because it has British flag on it, and Australia's location in the southern hemisphere, because it has stars of the Southern Cross on it. The large seven-pointed star represents the six original states and the territories of Commonwealth. There is also the Indigenous Australian flag, which represents the Aboriginal Australians. The flag with its colours of red (representing the land), black (representing the people) and the yellow in the middle (representing the sun) is a source of pride for Indigenous Australians. The present coat of arms was granted by King George V in 1912. It consists of a shield containing the badges of six Australian states, enclosed by an ermine border. The shield
grown on the African oil palm tree. Oil palms are originally from Western Africa, but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, palm oil is grown throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America, with 85% of all palm oil globally produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia; but most of the time not using sustainable measures. The industry is linked to major issues such as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the countries where it is produced, as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the oil palm plantations. According to the World Wildlife Fund, an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This large-scale deforestation is pushing many species to extinction, and findings show that if nothing hanges, species like the
winds can blow between 48 to 97 kilometres. The tundra is basically like a desert when it comes to precipitation. Only about 150-250 millimetres of precipitation (mostly snow) fall each year. When water saturates the upper surface, bogs and ponds may form, providing moisture for plants, and breeding thousands of insects that attract many migrating birds. Animals are adapted to handle cold winters and to breed and raise young quickly in the very short and cool summers. Some animals have grown thick fur that turns white in the winter. Others find a place to hibernate during the winter months. Many plants have dark red leaves that allow the plant to absorb more heat from the sun in the cold tundra climate. All of the plants are adapted to sweeping winds and disturbances of the soil. Many plants grow in a low, tight clump - this growth habit helps protect them from the cold and snow. They can carry out photosynthesis at low temperatures and low light intensities
Its name means ,,Southland". The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's capital is Canberra. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world but the smallest continent. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia , South Australia, The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The Australian people are culturally the same as the Anglo Americans. There also live aborigines. Aborigines are the ancestors of the people. Like the US and Canada, Australia was an English speaking colony of Great Britain. Today Australia is a modern developed country with a diversified economy. Australia is an island continent of 7.7 million square kilometres, which makes it a little smaller than the USA. Located in south of Asia, between The Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia is the World's driest continent
The average rainfall measures 8-13 cm in many areas. The maximum annual precipitation over a long period of years has been 37 cm with a minimum of 5 cm. In cold deserts the mean winter temperature is between -2 to 4° C and the mean summer temperature is between 21-26° C. The winters receive quite a bit of snow. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 15-26 cm. Vegetation Canopy in most deserts is very rare. Plants are mainly ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees. Leaves are "replete" (fully supported with nutrients) with water- conserving characteristics. They tend to be small, thick and covered with a thick cuticle (outer layer). These plants include: yuccas, ocotillo, turpentine bush, prickly pears, false mesquite, sotol, ephedras, agaves and brittlebush. The spiny nature of many plants in semiarid deserts provides protection in a hazardous environment. Many plants have silvery or glossy leaves, allowing them to reflect more radiant energy
Topic Canada Tallinn English College 2006 1. Introduction If you had to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. Canada is the second largest country in the world with a territory of about 10 million square kilometers and it is bordered by three oceans: the Arctic, the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. The population of Canada is about 31 million people. About 77% of the people live in cities which lie in a band about 100 miles wide above the border of the United States. The capital of Canada is Ottawa
Canada's area is about 10 million square kilometers and its population is 31 000 000. Its capital is Ottowa and other main cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Almost 75 % of canadians lives within 300 kilometer of the USA border, because the climate is softer in the South. 89 % of Canada is almost unhabited. Its official languages are English and French, but many other languages are spoken too. Like Italian, Chinese, German, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch and Creek. There are also many native languages such as Algonquian. Most of the canadian's speak English (67 %), but French is very largely spoken too (26 % of the canadians). Canada is based on recognizing the cultural diversity of different nations living in Canada. All the communities living on the country are encouraged to remember their origins and hold their own ethnic events and national festivals. Cultural diversity makes Canada even more interesting.
Australia Australia is a country and also a continent. If someone wants to make clear, that he is speaking of the country, he may call it by its full name of Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's name means "southland."It is south of the equator. Sometimes it is also called the island continent because it is an island. There are about twenty million people in Australia.It is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 600 miles of ocean separate it from Americas. Since Australia is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter, and the other way round. States and Territories. Australia consists of six states, two territories and eight external territories.
Global Warming One of the biggest issues our planet and its inhabitants are facing nowadays is global warming. Global warming, also often referred to as the greenhouse effect, has not always been a problem. However, over the last centuries, since the Industrial Revolution things have changed. Polar regions are melting, species are dying, climate zones are shifting, migration patterns for animals such as polar bears and birds are being disrupted our world as we know it is changing. Some scientists believe that the climate will reach a tipping point, a point at which even a tiny additional increase would throw the system into violent change. We started doing harmful things and only now do we realize what we have done and what we are doing. At this current rate by the middle of next century the Earth's temperature may rise a predicted from 2 to 6 degrees Celsius
The coat of arms features a kangaroo and an emu (the national animals of Australia), golden wattle (the national floral emblem), a shield with the coats of arms of the six states of Australia and a star for all states and territories. Australia's national anthem is "Advance Australia Fair", which replaced "God Save The Queen" in 1984. the unofficial anthem is "Waltzing Matilda". As said before Australias national animals are kangaroos and emus. Often coalas are mentioned too, its floral emblem is the golden wattle and its national colours are the colours of its flag red, white and blue. Head of state Head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who is queen of United Kingdom and also queen is Australia. In practice, Governor General performs her functions in queen's absence. Since 1989 Bill Hayden has been the Governor General Government
Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Geographical position 3. Mountains, lowlands 4. Rivers, lakes 5. The territories and provinces 6. Towns, economy, agriculture 7. Climate 8. Animals, plantlife 9. Population 10. Sports 11. Culture 12. History 13. Political system, symbols 14. Conclusion 15. Materials 1. Introduction If you had to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. Canada is the second largest country in the world, bordered by three oceans, and across the country, Canadians experience many different landscapes from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra of the north. Despite Canada's great size, it is one of the world's most sparsely populated countries. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity. 2. Geographical position
Introduction, Location Australia is a country between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is the only country in the world that occupies an entire continent. The mainland covers an area of 7.7 million km² and it is about 3700 km from the most northern point to its most southern point and about 4000 km from east to west. There are also many different seas around Australia, like the Coral and the Tasman Seas in the west or the Timor and the Arafura Seas in the north, where the Indian and the Pacific Oceans meet. Because all seas and oceans near Australia are warm, surfing is a very popular hobby. Political subdivision Australia is divided into six states, which are: · New South Wales · Victoria · Queensland · South Australia · Western Australia · Tasmania
...............................................................................................3 Relief...............................................................................................................................4 Climate & Time Zones....................................................................................................5 Plants...............................................................................................................................5 Animals...........................................................................................................................6 Population.......................................................................................................................6 The Native Australians....................................................................................................6 The Biggest cities..............................................................................................
Global fuel consumption has grown 50-fold since the end of the 20th century and it is projected to increase by another 55% by 2030 (Umbach, 2010). That is the reason why new resources for fuel are being sought and biofuels receive subsidies, and investment in development. In addition, transport sector is one of the largest primary energy consumers, and as the travel and car ownership is predicted to increase, more fuel needs to be dedicated to transport (Karp, 2011. There are many reasons why biofuels are necessary, but at the same time, they are controversial for a number of reasons. 2.2. Biofuels' feedstock and future projections There are mainly two types of liquid biofuels, which have significantly grown in the last decade: that is bioethanol and biodiesel. Bioethanol is based on sugar, extracted from sugarcane and beet, or starch, which mainly comes from maize, wheat or cassava. Starch-
Australia Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is 7.6 million square kilometres big. It is often called the island continent because it is rather small for a continent and very big for an island. There are only five countries bigger than Australia in the World. There are five states in the mainland. Tasmania is also considered as a state so there are six states. The Northern Territory and Canberra are also independent but they are not states. Canberra is the capital of Australia and it is situated between Sydney and Melbourne because both of these cities wanted to be the capital. The population is about 19 million people and growing. New South Wales is the most populated state and Victoria is the most densely populated state. The national language is English. It is English because British settlers came to live in Australia in
AUSTRALIA Tallinn 2008 Only one country in the world fills a whole continent. That country is Australia. The continent it fills is Australia, too. Australia, then, is both a country and a continent. Australia is one only continent except Antartctica that is all south of the equator. Since it is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter, and the other way round. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent. There is a good reason why. It is an island. It is 1800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 6000 miles of ocean separate it from the America. Australia is the world's smallest, flattest and driest continent. It is also the oldest some of the rocks are more than 3,000 million years old. It is the 6th largest country. Its territory is 7 700 000 km2.
206 RMÜ The Disappearing Rainforests Kaduvad Vihmametsad · Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's land surface; now they cover a mere 6% and experts estimate that the last remaining rainforests could be consumed in less than 40 years. · Vihmametsad katsid kunagi 14% maapinnast, praegu katavad nad ainult 6% ja eksperdid arvavad et viimased alles olevad vihmametsad nö. tarvitatakse ära vähema kui 40 aasta pärast. Causes of rainforest destruction Vihmametsa hävitus põhjused. · Logging · Agriculture · Fuelwood- küttepuud · Large Dams- suured tammid · Mining and industry- kaevandus ja tööstus. · Tourism turism. · Poverty and overpopulation vaesus ja ülerahvastatus. · Colonialism kolonialism. Why save it? · The rainforest is home to over · Vihmamets on koduks rohkem fifty percent of all plants and kui 50 % maa loomadele ja
long, it rises in the Australian Alps and flows to the south-west. The waters of Murray flow through several lakes, such as Lake Alexandrina and The Coorong. Other Lakes are L.Eyre and L.Mackay. Climate The seasons in Australia are the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter and the other way round. Australia has 4 climate zones: temperate, subtropical, tropical, equatorial. The northern shores are very hot, cause being close to the equator and the northern part gets plenty of rain. The western coast is dry and barren. In most parts of Autralia rainfall is very low. History Two hundred years ago, there were no white men in Australia, except the dark-skinned native Australians, called the Aborigines. Their only weapons were stone knives, simple spears and boomerangs
Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20% · To measure the annual increase of timber (m3, ha, year) -> 9 mil. m3/ha/year Main principle of the economy of forests: Annual cutting should be equal to annual
It's almost the same size as continental USA, being the sixth largest country in the world. It's also the oldest some of the rocks are more than 3,000 million years old. Australia is often called `Down Under', because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, its seasons are the opposite of ours. Australia, Tasmania and a number of smaller islands form the Commonwealth of Australia. Because of the country's great size, the climate in Australia ranges from tropical regions of the Northern Territory to the cool temperate conditions in the southeast and Tasmania, where it often snows in winter. In the north, half the year is `wet' and half is `dry'. From November to April heavy rain fills the rivers and makes enormous lakes where thousands of birds come for the summer. From May to October it is often sunny and dry for weeks, and it is a popular place for winter holidays in the sun. In the hot, flat centre of Australia, there is an area called the `outback'
Virginia, in the eastern part of the U.S.A. The biggest cities are New York, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. The flag of America was adopted on 14 th June 1777. It is called the "Stars and Stripes". It is said that Betsy Ross sewed the first flag. It features 13 horizontal red and white stripes (for the first colonies which formed the U.S.A.) and 50 stars on the blue background. Red means courage, blue justice and white innocence. There is a star for every state of the USA. The official language of the USA is English; Spanish is also widely spoken. The currency of the USA is the United States Dollar. The government of the USA is composed of three coordinate branches: the executive, legislative and the judicial. All the three branches are equal. The executive power is vested in the president, who holds office for a term of four year. At the moment George W. Bush is the president
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