Libraries. We know a lot of things thanks to books, but we do not know exactly when and where they originated, and what should be considered the first book in the world. Ancient document, written on parchment, papyri and vellum can hardly be qualified as books the way we understand the word today. Centuries went before paper replaced parchment and papyri. In the 15 th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical process of duplicating texts, which we today call book printing. The first book was printed between 1444 and 1446, so these years can be considered as the beginning years of book printing. His most important preserved printings are the 40 copies of the Bible. By the end of the 15 th
The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary:
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Topic Libraries Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction A library is a collection of books. Libraries are maintained by a public body such as an institution or an individual. These collections are used by people who choose not to (or cannot afford) purchase an extensive collection themselves or who need professional assistance with their research. However, with the collection of media other than books, many libraries are now also access points for maps, prints or other documents and artworks such as microfilm, audio tapes, CDs, cassettes and DVDs. So, modern libraries are being redifined as places to get access to information in many formats and from many sources. In addition to providing materials, they also provide the services of specialists who are experts in matters related to finding and organizing information, called librarians. 2. History
A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm. A store where books are bought and sold is a bookstore or bookshop. Books can also be borrowed from libraries. In 2010, Google estimated that there were approximately 130 million unique books in the world. Etymology
2 been meaning 9 came 2 A 4 B 6 E old-fashioned-looking uniform, so 3 got 10 grew 5 1 at first hand 5 maiden voyage I would guess that it's a private 4 fell 11 were chatting 2 tuberculosis 6 mine school, but it could be a state 5 seen 12 walked school. It's hard to say. 6 were waiting 13 didn't admit 3 stewardess 7 retirement 7 was looking 4 wonderful 2 1 I reckon they are about 17 years old.
Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections--as well as the standard patterns of English sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106
Entertainment and Art Task 1. Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) I like this book, and I've read six capitals/chapters/prefaces already. b) It's not a proper drawing, only a rough/plan/sketch. c) The play is very long but there are three breaks/intervals/rests. d) At the cinema I don't like sitting too near the film/screen/stage. e) We heard a piece by Mozart performed by a German band/group/orchestra. f) Her second book was very popular and became a best buy/seller/volume. g) I like the painting but I can't stand its ugly border/frame/square. h) Robert's new book will be broadcast/published/typed in August. i) I liked the acting, and the costumes/dressing/outfits were good too. j) The best act/place/scene in the film is when Jack meets Kate. Task 2. Complete each sentence with a word from the box. Use each word once only. Announcer composre critic editor playwright author conductor director novelist sculptor
HatYai, Songkhla 90112 E-mail: [email protected] Draft: 14th January 2003, #2 Abstract This article looks at the advantages and disadvantages of using Java and Java 3D for games programming. It assumes the reader is familiar with Java, but presents short overviews of gaming, the low-level APIs OpenGL and DirectX, and Java 3D. No programming examples are included here, although links to online code are supplied. 1. Background to Gaming Giving a definition for `computer game' is problematic, due to the wide range of game types. For example, the ArcadePod site (http://www.arcadePod.com) divides its hundreds of Java games into more than ten categories: 3D games, multiplayer, action, classic, indoor sports, board, outdoor sports, card, mind, casino, educational, and the useful `miscellaneous' catch-all. This makes it difficult to pin down the typical
again to keep the noise down. between Paul and Joe. 1D Sporting origins page 67 2 She recognised him at once. 2 Phobias can be genetically 3 He's working at his father's shop inherited. 1 1 staunchly / resolutely for the time being. 3 When it comes to politics, 2 By and large 4 They'll be here any moment now. Edward and his dad have a lot in 3 swiftly 5 Everybody makes mistakes once common. 4 loosely in a while. 4 Luke is the spitting image of Matt 5 categorically 6 My brother was still a baby at the Damon. 6 widely time
http://www.abiks.pri.ee FREE TIME 1. Is music popular in your family? What music do you like? 2. What musical instruments have you got in your home? 3. Can you play any musical instruments? 4. Do you sing? 5. Have you sung at a song festival? 6. Has your school got a choir? 7. When do you last go to a concert? What concert was it? 8. Have you ever been to an openair concert? What was it like? 9. Do you sing at family parties? Where else Estonians like to sing? 10
in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning. _ 6 He is a good cook but she _________________________________ (prefer) to eat out. _ 7 English tests _________________________________ (get) more and more interesting. _ 8 They _________________________________ (have) a party because it's her birthday. _ 9 I sometimes _________________________________ (ride) my bicycle to school. 10_ She usually _________________________________ (go) to the gym on Friday evenings.
6. Concentrating on something important can make you lose track of your soap opera. 7. Debunking the bunk is everyone's responsibility. 8. Don't ask me to pay for anyone else's mistakes. I make enough of my own. 9. Even those who possess real magic must beware of being misled by "magical thinking." 10. Everyone knows what shit tastes like. 11. Exclusive occupancy of a private room is a basic human right. 12. Fair compensation for genius is wealth. 13. God's not perfect, so it's a pretty good bet that you're not, either. 14. Good institutions help to overcome human moral inertia. 15. I am not one of your little friends. 16. If a dimension is anywhere it's everywhere. 17. If God's not crazy, why are you? 18. If one makes a promise one shouldn't have made it cannot stand against the obligation to do the right thing. 19. If you odn't give a certain amount of attention to filtering distractions, every distraction is a catastrophe. 20
When I was a child the things that pleased me were largely other than the plants which have earned me a living as an adult. For example, I collected postage stamps, played basketball, was fond of listening to music, played all manner of games, but dealt only in a neutral, uninspired fashion with plants. The one thing that was constant and of supreme importance was my love of reading. I don't recall why, but by an early age, say age 9, I was a phenomenal reader of books, a habit that persisted all the way until college. Reading expands one's mind immensely. It fires the imagination, demonstrates grammar, teaches vocabulary, informs, challenges, helps one relax. In some cases it forces the mind to concentrate, as to understand. It can help build a moral or ethical framework, and help oneself form an individual worldview. Even an untraveled child, sitting at home, can be transported by a book into any place or time
It is an equivalent to the conventional printed book. It can be read on a personal computer or hand-held device specially designed for this puropse. Are the e-books and conventional ones competitors to each other? Will they both have independent groups of readers in future or will the future belong only to the e-books? What are the pros and cons of each? Let's have a brief look at the advantages and disadvantages of both. In August 2009 it has been estimated that there are over 2 million free books available for download. Our father and mothers recall times when one had to stand in queues to get the desired books. An e-book can be offered indefinitely, without ever going "out of print". The collection of e-books takes certainly significantly less room than the same collection of conventional books. An e-reader can potentially contain thousands of e-books, limited only by its memory capacity. Depending on the device e-book may be readable in low light or even in total darkness. For
Prior to this momentous event that heralds an evolutionary transformation in the life of plants, the planet had already been covered in vegetation for millions of years. The first flower probably did not survive for long, and flowers must have remained rare and isolated phenomena, since conditions were most likely not yet favorable for a widespread flowering to occur. One day, however, a critical threshold was reached, and suddenly there would have been an explosion of color and scent all over the planet – if a perceiving consciousness had been there to witness it. Much later, those delicate and fragrant beings we call flowers would come to play an essential part in the evolution of consciousness of another species. Humans would increasingly be drawn to and fascinated by them. As the consciousness of human beings developed, flowers were most likely the
The main question is what makes a human being happy? In my opinion, as a person claims that he is happy, then we can firmly say that this person is successful in life because he feels content with his life. Contentedness and happiness are the key factors in determing how succesful someone is. It is often said that for a small town inhabitant, it is a lot harder to achieve something in life. I totally disagree with this statement. There are just other values in a town with a small population density. Values concerning family life are coming more forth, career and such kind of personal ambitions are kept in the backround. Also it is often mentioned that making a successful career in a small town is largely impossible, because of the lack of different resources and opportunities. By these it is commonly ment a uncompetitive education and few opportunities to develop extracurricular activities
The topic of this essay is cinema as the most restrictive medium. I would like to discuss the restrictions of cinema as such – what these are, how do they affect the medium. For example time limit of the films, budget, how it affects writer and director, what kind of choices they have to make, and how the audience come into play. Personally, i don’t consider cinema as a restrictive medium. Cinema’s most restrictive feature is time. Filmmakers must fit very good shots edited into very good storyline into one and a half to three hour movie, usually. The reason being, we get uncomfortable sitting long period of time. If the movies would be longer, we would lose interest and start doing something else. We would simply get uncomfortable sitting on a chair and the whole cinema experience would become agony. Furthermore, producing films can be expensive, especially longer films. All human resources want to be paid an hour wage, renting and building sets cost money etc
It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening! 'How are you?' Very often people expect you to say something positive. Here's a breakdown of how you can express how you really are without complaining too much. · Fine, thanks. / On top of the world, thanks. · OK, thanks · Not so bad, thanks. / Can't complain, thanks. · So so, thanks. / So and so, thanks. · Not so good, actually 1 The English alphabet Spelling Work with your partner and spell out first your name and then some names of places. Write down each letter as you hear it, and then say the word. The English alphabet on the phone: You might find the following alphabet (used by international airlines) useful when trying to spell a word on the telephone.
Harold McMillan articulated his now famous “winds of change” sweeping Africa. We had high hopes for Africa, for the Black race, that the insidious imposition of foreign rule on us, the looting of Africa’s natural resources by our colonial masters accorded us would be things of history. That is more than forty years ago. Unfortunately, the promise of independence has not been fulfilled. Today, Africa has become more desolate; there is more starvation, diseases and non-provision of essential services than when we got our independence. There are all kinds of wars in Africa than the rest of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave. Through buffoonery, utter mismanagement and downright stealing of the wealth of the masses, these leaders have so impoverished Africa that we are now nothing but a beggar continent. We beg for
Chapter 17 Chapter 38 Chapter 58 Chapter 18 Chapter 39 Chapter 59 Chapter 19 Chapter 40 Chapter 60 Chapter 20 Chapter 41 Chapter 61 Chapter 21 Chapter 42 Chapter 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs
· I play tennis. · She does not play tennis. USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) · Does he play tennis? · The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. · The train does not leave at 9 AM. · When does the train usually leave? · She always forgets her purse. · He never forgets his wallet. Examples: · Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. · I am here now. · Does the Sun circle the Earth? · She is not here now. · He needs help right now. USE 2 Facts or Generalizations · He does not need help now. · He has his passport in his hand. · Do you have your passport with you?
office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Perspectives: Studies in Translatology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rmps20 When `we' are `the other'. Travel books on Romania as exercises in intercultural communication a Rodica Dimitriu a Department of English , Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaþi , Romania Published online: 06 Aug 2012.
It's time you went home. (NOT It's time you go home.) It's time we invited Bill and Sonia. (NOT It's time we invite Bill and Sonia.) 7. Use was/were born to give dates of birth. I was born in 1975. (NOT I am born in 1975.) Shakespeare was born in 1564. 8. Police is a plural noun. The police are looking for him. (NOT The police is looking for him.) I called the police, but they were too busy to come. 9. Don't use the to talk about things in general. Books are expensive. (NOT The books are expensive.) I love music. (NOT I love the music.) 10. Use had better, not have better. I think you'd better see the doctor. (NOT I think you have better see the doctor.) We'd better ask John to help us. 11. Use the present progressive am playing, is raining etc to talk about things that are continuing at the time of speaking. I'm playing very badly today. (NOT I play very badly today.) Look! It's raining! (NOT Look! It rains!) 12. Use for with a period of time
A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was thought that the loud explosions would protect them
Essay : What age you would choose to be if you could stay the same age forever ? Appearance Health Daily routine Health Independence Winsdom Do you really want to live forever, forever and ever? What’s the use of everlasting life if we can’t maintain a youthful spirit? Better to die with a hopeful eye on the future than to have such a long empty difficult life though eternity.
· And when you begin to miss me, dont forget it was you who let me go. · There is an end to things no matter how much we want to hold into them. · Otsisin keset seda pimedust, sind ja loodetud vabadust,kui mu käed su poole, tegid alguse loole, printsessist ja printsist, ühest kaunist kandist, kus oleme meie kaks, kus lõbutseme, kuni otsas jaks. Sa ei pea muinasmaad looma, sa ei pea tähti taevast tooma. Ole vaid minu kõrval, kui tõuseb päike. Ole vaid mu kõrval kui mind piinab meeleheide. Ole mu kõrval, kui kumab kuu, kui su nime
Page |1 Your Name:__________________ Grade:______________________ Date:_______________________ Do you often read books voluntarily? What books do you usually read? Discuss it with your neighbor. Ask your neighbor: Who is Harry Potter? What's so magical about him? Part I 1/9/2013 Page |2 Reading: Read through the text, look up unknown words by J. K. Rowling
Central Europe. you should buy this new edition of Influence: o More neuroscience evidence of how the influence process works is inte- Science and Practice, gra ted throughout. For instance, brain imaging research is presented, showing here are 5 good reasons! how the "Expensive = Good" heuristic o Updated coverage of social influence leads people to perceive more costly effects in popular culture, such as the items as better than (identical) less contagion of obesity among the young costly ones. and the contagion of violence in such tragedies as the Virginia Tech and North- o Enhanced coverage of "how to say
Yours sincerely, Lee Jones 5. ... I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to meeting you to discuss employment opportunities. Yours faithfully, Nicole Porter Paragraph Plan for Letters · salutation · Paragraph 1 reasons for writing · Paragraphs 2, 3 development · Final paragraph closing remarks · Name · Letters are divided into two categories, formal and informal. There are various types of formal and informal letters . · It is important to think about the person who you are writing to before you begin writing a letter. If the wrong style is used, the letter will look impolite, silly or odd. For example, if you used formal language to write to a close friend, the letter would look odd, or if you used informal language to write a letter to a company, the letter would look impolite.
Silicon Valley Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it? It wouldn't be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn't reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a silicon valley even here? What it takes is the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley. That's a striking departure from the past. Up till a couple decades ago, geography was destiny for cities. All great cities were located on waterways, because cities made money by trade, and water was the only economical way to ship. Now you could make a great city anywhere, if you could get the right people to move there
PHOTO COMPARISON (Solutions Upper Intermediate /Photos p. 140) In picture 1 I can see a young Asian man being thrown up in the air by his course mates. The picture is taken somewhere outside as the man is wearing a coat. In picture 2 I can see numerous students sitting their exam in a big hall. The photos are connected with the topic of university There are a few similarities between these two pictures. First, they both show young people making an effort. Second, picture 1 as well as picture 2 tell us about typical aspects of student life. However, the pictures clearly differ from each other in several aspects. To start with, while the young man in p1 is obviously relaxing after winning a competition, the students in p2 are in the middle of writing their papers. Moreover, all people in picture 1
INTRODUCTION Today more and more disputes are caused by the enormous spread of the English language throughout the world. Some scholars claim that it has already become the first global language. And this statement isn't far from truth. But what does it mean to say that a language is a global language? Why is English the language which is usually cited in this connection? How did the situation arise? And could it change? Or is it the case that, once a language becomes a global language, it is there for ever? [1, pg.2] These are fascinating questions to explore, whether your first language is English or not. A global language is a language that is spoken internationally and is learned and spoken by a large number of people as a second language. A global language is characterized not only by the total number of speakers (native and second language speakers), but also by
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