Topic Sports Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction For some people sport plays a very important part in their lives. And to some, it is even a way of life. There are different kinds of sports. For instance, there are sports meant for playing indoors, some can be practised only at a certain time of year. There are winter and summer sports also. Skiing, figure-skating, sledding and snowboarding these four most popular are practised during winter. Good examples of summer sports are: swimming, badminton, roller skating and golf. 2. The ancient Olympic Games
Sports. Sports has a very old history. The ancient Olympic Games were the first big sports competitions. The history of the Olympic Games is linked with many myths referred to in ancient sources, but in the historic years their founder is said to be Oxylos whose descendant Ifitos later rejuvenated the Games. According to the tradition, the Olympic Games began in 776 B.C. when Ifitos made a treaty with Lycourgos the king and famous legislator of Sparta and Cleisthenes the king of Pissa. In this treaty that was the decisive event for the
United Kingdom, and the largest metropolitan area in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival.The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis that has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor and assembly. London is one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and the arts contributes to its status as a major global city.Central London is the
The pictures of people and animals are often strikingly lifelike and artistic. Many of these ancient relics have been destroyed by the ravages of nature and of man. Wind and water have worn away and continue to wear away, unprotected sites. And the paintings and carvings are increaslibly falling victim to vandalism: they have been painted over, spoilt with knives, even used for target practice. The American Rock Art Research Association protects rock-art sites. 2) THE FAVOURITE SPORT IN BRITAIN The most popular sport is probably football. Two kinds of football is played in Great Britain. One of them, which is called association football, is played all over Europe. The other kind: rugby football is also very popular in New Zealand, France, and some other European countries. English boys play it at school, and in public parks. When they grow up, they play as members of important amateur teams or as a professional in teams competing in football ,,leagues"
All of them were characterized by their own philosophy, way of life, style of dressing. Each tendency was born by the influence of economic and political changes in the society. Those trends are known as the "hippies" the "punks" the "rockers". But certainly there are different traditional youth organizations in Great Britain. Among them -- the Scout Association, the Girl Guides Association, the National Union of Students, the Youth Club. The latter offers, for example, a wide range of sporting and social activities. The National Union of Students was founded in 1922. It operates through local branches in colleges and universities. It promotes the educational, social and general interests of students. But certainly the most numerous is the Scout Association, founded in 1908 for boys and in 1910 for girls by Lord Baden-Powel. The Scout movement is to encourage a sense of
THE REAL FABIO CAPELLO Independent, The (London), Dec 13, 2007 The Italian poised to become the new England manager is an admirer of the Pope and Silvio Berlusconi and praised the 'order' left by General Franco. The FA may be hoping he learns to keep his opinions to himself. By Cahal Milmo A touchline philosopher The blazerati of the Football Association are well known for their dislike of controversy. In the past, rampant publicity over the personal affairs of England managers has done little to endear them to the sport's mandarins. So a disciplined, conservative Italian who attempts to shun the limelight, avoids late nights and socialises outside football circles would appear to be their man. Yesterday, Fabio Capello sat down for talks with FA bosses that are expected to result in him
varied. Theatre The British have a tradition of theatre. Long, long time ago the culture of theatre was introduced from Europe to the British by the Romans. Many auditoriums were constructed across the country. The most famous British playwright is obviously William Shakespeare. He lived from 1564 to 1616. During that time he wrote about 40 plays, which are still played and used in today's theatre. His plays are performed more often than those of any other playwright. The first professional woman playwright was Aphra Behn. Nowadays there are not so many world famous dramatists in England but the memory of William Shakespeare and many others has preserved until today. Important modern playwrights include Alan Ayckbourn, John Osborne, Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, and Arnold Wesker. Music Many British music composers have made major contributions to world's music, and are known internationally. They also have many orchestras including BBC Symphony
both without either. 5. If you've accidentally taken too much food and you cannot possibly eat it all you should say :"I'm sorry, but it seems that 'my eyes are bigger than my stomach." English literature Old English Renaissance literature Elizabethan Era Jacobean literature Caroline and Cromwellian literature Restoration literature Augustan literature Romanticism Sports Football is the national sport in England and plays a significant role in English culture. The modern global game of Football was first codified in 1863 in London . England is the joint oldest national team in the world, along with the Scotland national football team. The first recorded women's football match in England was more than 100 years ago but it is only in recent years that women's football has begun to receive some serious attention, in the form of televised matches (such as
the seasons are quite variable in temperature, it rarely falls below -5 or rises above +30 degrees. The longest river, the Severn, flows for 354km. England's capital London, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, drawing from a wide range of people, cultures and religions, speaking over 300 different languages, mixing their culture, traditions, music. It is the largest urban zone in the European Union, today one of the world's most important business, financial and cultural centres. London is an international transport hub, with five international airports and a large port, it has extensive underground, train, bus and taxi services. It is a major tourist destination and one of the world's most remarkable and exciting cities, with iconic landmarks including the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge, the Tower of
pressures on the environment and demand for products that we export. The Aboriginal population of Canada is a diverse population with distinct cultures, languages, religious beliefs and political systems. There are many ways of defining the Aboriginal population, which can result in different estimates of its size. There is no single or "correct" definition and the choice of a definition depends on the purpose for which it is to be used. The First nations are Indians, Metis and Inuits, but the term Indian is called inappropriate, so now they are called the Native peoples. There are also legal terms for them and it applies to a native person who is registered under the Indian Act and it means that they are entitled to free medical care, education and training. Some of them, whose ancestors signed treaties also receive a small amount of money. Metis are the people who are half indigenous and half other race, the came from the
Ireland Ireland (Irish: Éire, Irish pronunciation:) is a country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies about five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was first partitioned on 3 May 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland--part of the United Kingdom--to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Irish Sea to the east and the Celtic Sea and St George's Channel to the South and South-East. The legal name of the state is simply "Ireland", but its legal description the Republic of Ireland is sometimes used to differentiate the state from the island. On 29 December 1937 Ireland became the successor-state to the Irish Free State, itself
Sports Silver Alex Kelder 10 D Tennis *Tennis is a game played on a rectangular court . *Tennis is becoming a very popular around the world. *The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, http://www.sparta7.com/bl in the late 19th century. og/have-your-child-enjoy- competitive-tennis.html Athletics *Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. *Organised athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC. *The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field, road running, cross country running and race walking. Volleyball *Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six
FOOTBALL also known as soccer/association football… ... is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal. The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins. If the score is level at the end
It has borders with two countries Mexico and Canada. There are also the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico surrounding the big country. There are 50 states in America. Most of the people live in towns. The biggest state is Alaska; next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the USA that lie in the north- east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the USA. 3. Relief The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and in the south its coast is washed by the Gulf of Mexico. The coastline is even. There are no big islands belonging to the USA except the Hawaiian Islands which lie halfway the continents of America and Asia
Bristol Channel to the south , St. George's Channel to the west , and the Irish Sea to the north . The main population and industrial areas are in South Wales ,consisting of the cities of Cardiff , Swansea and Newport and surrounding areas , with another significant population in the north-east around Wrexham . English is spoken by almost all people in Wales . Northen and western Wales retain many areas where Welsh is spoken as a first language by majority of the population and English is learnt as a second language . Today there are very few truly monoglot Welsh speakers , other than small children , but individuals still exist who may be considered less than fluent in English and rarely speak it . There were still many monoglots as recently as the middle of the 20th sentury . The most popular sports in Wales are rugby union and football . Wales has had its own football
Britain and Northern Island together form the United Kingdom. When referring to Britain or Great Britain in everyday life, the names are used to mean the United Kingdom. The English Channel (and best known: the Strait of Dover) separate Britain from mainland Europe and its closest neighboring country France. 3. History Great Britain has a long and interesting history stretching back millennia's. The Iberians brought their metal working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the 3rd millennium B.C. And were then overrun by the various Celtic tribes that begun in the 8th century B.C. The Celts introduced the tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westwards to Cornwall, where the Celtic language still exists in different forms, by the Roman invasion begun in 43. AD. The Romans ruled Britain for over two hundred years and left behind three things of importance:
United Kingdom AT115 Martin Pillai Early history • In 1066, the Normans invaded England from France • In 1603, the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland were united in a personal union when James VI, King of Scots, inherited the crowns of England and Ireland and moved his court from Edinburgh to London • In the mid-17th century, all three kingdoms were involved in a series of connected wars, which led to the temporary overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the short-lived unitary republic of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Acts of Union • On 1 May 1707, the united Kingdom of Great Britain came into being, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to ratify the 1706 Treaty
American sports Football History Football came from England, it was a mix of rugby and soccer. Professional Football in America started in 1895, soon after the colleges started playing. Then in the 1922 the league was called the NFL. Football History The NFL consisted of only 10 teams, from 19461949, then gradually grew more. By 1970 there were two divisions the AFL and NFL. NFL had 16 teams and the AFL had 10 teams Then in 1993 the NFL consisted of 30 teams and only 2 more teams have joined since then. Baseball History Baseball is known throughout America as the
North America in the 1600s. The colonies became independent States and joined to form the "United States" in the 1700s. The USA expanded westward in the 1800s and reached the Pacific Ocean. As it grew, it became the greatest industrial power in the world. It wanted to stay out of European problems, but in the two World Wars, it decided that it could not afford to let Germany win. In the 1940s it became the leader of the West and organized an alliance of the democracies. Today it is the only superpower left in the world. Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights," the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence,
Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, at the age of eight. He then went on to Stonyhurst College, but by the time he left the school in 1875, he had rejected Christianity to become an agnostic. From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston (now a district of Birmingham). While studying, he also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal before he was 20. Following his term at university, he served as a ship's doctor on a voyage to the West African coast. He completed his doctorate on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885. In 1882, he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice
off the south west coast but do not come ashore. Flags of Ireland The state flag applying to Northern Ireland is the Union Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The state flag of the Republic of Ireland is the Tricolour. The history of the Irish Tricolour bearing the colours green for the Catholic majority, orange for William of Orange the Protestant King (and his followers) and white for the desired peace between them, goes back to the middle of the 19th century.[11] History Ireland was mostly ice-covered and joined by land to Britain and continental Europe during the last ice age. It has been inhabited for about 9,000 years. Stone age inhabitants arrived sometime after 8000 BC. Irish Independence: The Irish Free State, Éire, Ireland The state was neutral during World War II which was known internally as The Emergency, but offered some assistance to the Allies, especially in Northern Ireland. Indeed, more than 60,000 volunteers from the
After marriage, many people in rural areas stay close to their family's home and visit frequently. Many couples, particularly in the cities, live together before or instead of marriage. Typically, the bonds between siblings in an Irish family are especially strong. In rural areas, extended families often live near one another, and family members who have moved to Dublin or overseas in search of work often return for Christmas and other family celebrations or funerals. Traditionally, women have not worked outside the home except to help on the family farm, but in Dublin and other cities the majority of women now have jobs. 34.2 percent (1999)Salary levels for women still lag behind those of men, but gender discrimination is illegal. The Irish have elected two consecutive women presidents since 1991. . Eating As an agricultural country, Ireland produces many fresh vegetables. Fresh dairy
Advantages and disadvantages of television Television is one of the greatest achievements of the 20-th century. It is the most popular part of mass media. Today every family has a TV-set. TV has changed much since the time of its invention and so has its role. There have been numerous debates concerning advantages and disadvantages of television. When TV first appeared its main purpose was to give official information to people. It was supported by the government. Now television plays a big role in every civilised society. Today television gives people a possibility to be well informed and enjoy "civilised pleasures." The programmes are various and people have a chance to select what they want to see. Television provides great opportunities for education. There are programmes devoted to specialised subjects. With the help of
Rest and relaxation are as important as sleep. After hard work or exercise, a person may need a period of total rest. At other times, only relaxation or a change of pace is necessary. Any activity that differs from the normal routine of work or study can be relaxing. Handling stress is essential for avoiding both mental and physical illness. Feelings of stress are the body's response to any threatening or unfamiliar situation. Stress can occur even in pleasant situations, such as watching a football game. If not handled properly, stress can lead to physical and emotional illness. No one can avoid stress, but a person can lessen the danger of becoming ill from it. Everyone should learn to relax by resting, taking a walk, meditating. Sports are organized athletic activities played individually or in teams. Men and women, boys and girls can play most sports. Sports provide entertainment for people throughout the world. Large crowds attend sporting events in person
The relatively limited variety of fauna and flora on the island is due to its size and the fact that wildlife has had little time to develop since the last glacial period. The high level of urbanisation on the island has contributed to a species extinction rate that is about 100 times greater than the background species extinction rate. The economy of the United Kingdom is the seventh-largest national economy in the world. In the 18th century the UK was the first country in the world to industrialise, and during the 19th century possessed a dominant role in the global economy. From the late 19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and the German Empire presented an increasing challenge to Britain's role as leader of the global economy. The flag of the United Kingdom is the Union Flag (also referred to as the Union Jack). It was first created in 1606 by the superimposition of the Flag
aboriginal peoples, Indians and Inuit, who are thought to have arrived from Asia 10 3000 years ago by crossing a land bridge formed between Siberia and Alaska during the last ice age. It is believed that the ancestors of Canadian Inuit were inland hunters who adapted their lifestyle to new conditions. Some of them lived near the coast and began to hunt seals and walruses. Their main diet consisted of marine mammals and fish. Others never went to sea but hunted game in nearby areas. The traditional dwelling where the Inuit lived used to be an igloo, which is a domeshaped house built out of blocks of ice. The Inuit traveled in a sledge pulled by dogs and their main weapon was the harpoon. For many centuries, the Canadian Inuit lived in nearly total isolation. Only at the beginning of the 19th century were they more permanent trading relations with whale hunters and fur merchants
Estonia Author: Kristin Liiv Supervisor: Mari Martma Tallinn 2006 2 Table of contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................4 First links............................................................................................................................. 5 20th century..........................................................................................................................5 Recognition.......................................................................................................................... 9 Conclusions........................................................................................................................10 References.................................................................................................
blacks. As early as the 1670s, blacks formed a majority of the population. During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became one of the world's leading sugar- exporting, slave-dependent nations, producing more than 77 000 tons of sugar annually between 1820 and 1824. The population in 1834 was 371 070 of whom 15 000 were white, 5 000 free black, 40 000 coloured or mixed race, and 311 070 slaves. Strong economic growth, averaging approximately 6% per annum, marked the first ten years of independence under conservative goverments which were led successively by Prime Ministers Alexander Bustamante, Donald Sangster and Hugh Shearer. The growth was fueled by strong investments in bauxite/alumina, tourism, manufacturing industry and, to a lesser extent, the agricultural sector. Economix deterioration continued into the mid-1980s; The first and third largest alumina producers, Alpart and Alcoa, Henry Morgan was a famous
The Titanic was built in Harland and Wolff yards in Belfast , which is nowadays part of the Northern Ireland , but back then in 1909 - 1912 (which is the time when Titanic was built ) it was still part of the Ireland. So the worlds most famous ship was built in Ireland. Also Guinness beer originated in Arthur Guinness' brewery at St. James's Gate in Dublin. Nowadays it is one of the most successful beer brands in the world, being exported worldwide. sports : First I'm going to talk about Gaelic football so , teams of 15 players, kick or hand pass a ball around a grass pitch towards each others goals to either score a point over the bar or goal. The ball used in Gaelic football is round, slightly smaller than a soccer ball. The action is fast and furious, and play is rough. another famous field sport is hurling - It's played on a large field with a curved wooden stick (or "Hurley"), and with a leather ball,
surprising, may think the city is overrated. Just relax, take a deep breath. While the city centre is a mélange of stunning architecture, from Gothic, Renaissance and baroque to neoclassical, art nouveau and cubist, beyond the medieval lanes of the Old Town and the Castle District, there's an entire other cosmopolitan city to explore. Search out the riverside parks, lively bars and beer gardens, music clubs, museums and art galleries. Harness Prague's excellent public-transport system to explore emerging suburbs such as Zizkov, Vinohrady, Smíchov and Holesovice. You'll be guaranteed cheaper prices, a more local ambience, and an assured escape from any more feelings of doubt.. Instead of summer practice i would like to go on trip to Prague. I think it would be more educational then sita t school and trantslate story or doing exercises. Because students
It is built of 150 enormous stones which are set in a purposive circular pattern. Stonehenge was probably built to mark the longest and shortest day of the year because it lies on the line of the midsummer sunrise and the midsummer sunset. That would have enabled people to keep a record of changing of seasons. Although it is still unclear who built it. Hadrian’s Wall is an ancient wall which was built in 2nd century by Hadrian, the emperor of Rome from AD 117 to 138, and it marked the northern border of the Roman Empire in Britain. The wall was 80 Roman miles (117 kilometres) long and it is situated in northern Great Britain and stretched from Solway Firth in the west to the Tyne River near Newcastle in the east. It was built to keep the Caledonians of Scotland out of England. Windsor Castle, which is one of the official residents of British monarch, is located in the English country of Berkshire
Union Jack. Scotland is in the northern part of Britain. It covers a little less than 80000 square kilometres and this is about one third of Great Britain. The population of Scotland is about 5 million people. There are three official languages spoken there: English, Scots, Gaelic. Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. The biggest city is Glasgow. There is a fierce rivalry between the most important football clubs of Glasgow and entire Scotland Glasgow Celtic and Glasgow Rangers. Scotland has a very picturesque landscape. It may be divided into two parts: the Lowlands (an are of gentle hills, fields and woodlands, more densely populated than other parts, they also include plenty of wild upland country) and the Northern Highland (which are considered by many people, especially mountain-lovers, to be the most beautiful part of Scotland and a real tourist Mecca; they say that there may
Scotlan History The history of Scotland begins around 10,000 years ago, when humans first began to inhabit Scotland after the end of the Devensian glaciation, the last ice age. Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the country, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind.People lived in Scotland for at least 8,500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. The written history of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now
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