in the north from the Brigantes in the south and discourage them from uniting. The name is also sometimes used jocularly as a synonym for the border between Scotland and England, although for most of its length the wall follows a line well south of the modern border -- and neither the Scoti tribe nor the English lived in Britain at the time of the wall's construction. The wall was the northern border of the Empire in Britain for much of the Roman Empire's rule, and also the most heavily fortified border in the Empire. In addition to its use as a military fortification, it is thought that the gates through the wall would also have served as customs posts to allow trade taxation. A significant portion of the wall still exists, particularly the mid-section, and for much of its length the wall can be followed on foot. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern England, where it is often known simply as the Roman Wall. It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987
UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. Coat of Arms Flag The location of Prague in the Czech Republic Name The name Prague is derived from an old Slavic root, praga, which means "ford", referring to the city's origin at a crossing point of the Vltava river. The native name of the city, Praha, is also related to the modern Czech word práh which means threshold. History The area of Prague was settled as early as the Paleolithic age. By the year 800 there was a simple fort fortified with wooden buildings. It was founded during the Romanesque era c. 885 and flourished in the Gothic and Renaissance eras. Prague flourished during the reign of Charles IV. Charles IV founded the first university in MiddleEurope Charles University Prague seen from satellite View of Prague from Petri hill The front view of St. Vitus Cathedral with its rose window The astronomical clock of Prague The National Museum Zizkov Television Tower Charles University in Prague
himself, and twelve years (from 304 to 292 BC) were needed to complete it. The Colossus of Rhodes was not only a gigantic statue. It was a symbol of unity of the people who inhabited that beautiful Mediterranean island of Rhodes. To build the statue, the workers cast the outer bronze skin parts. The base was made of white marble, and the feet and ankle of the statue were first fixed. The structure was gradually erected as the bronze form was fortified with an iron and stone framework. To reach the higher parts, an earth ramp was built around the statue and was later removed. When the Colossus was finished, it stood about 33 metres (110 ft) high. A strong earthquake hit Rhodes at around 226 BC. The city was badly damaged, and the Colossus was broken at its weakest point - the knee. For almost a millennium, the statue lay broken in ruins. In AD 654, the Arabs invaded Rhodes
This is Toompea Castle. The history of Toompea is actually the story of rulers and power in Estonia. The times and rulers changed and so did power and mentalities – each new ruler built and fortified this place according to his needs and taste. Today, visitors to Toompea can find here buildings mostly dating from three periods: the medieval order’s stronghold with its impressive western wall and towers, the most well-known of which is the tower of Tall Herman; the Russian-era government administration building with a facade representing classical styles and opening onto Castle Square; and the
during the Middle Ages. The Short Leg street (Lühike jalg) could only be used by pedestrians, because it is and was only a stairway-street. The relations between the Upper and Lower towns were pretty tense, because both the rich merchants of the Lower Town and the noblemen and knights of the Upper Town wanted to obtain more power. Due to the conflict between the two Towns the merchants in the Lower Town were afraid of raids from the Upper town and they had the street connecting the two Towns fortified with a wall and gatehouses. The new wall has become known as "the Wall of Mistrust". During night all traffic between the Upper and Lower town was stopped and the gates were closed. Two streets that connect Toompea with the lower town, remind us human legs, and that is where they got their names Long and Short Foot. But as the "legs" where with different heights, so Tallinn was sometimes called the "limping city". Pikk Foot connects the lower town with Toompea
dwell in the lake. With an air of mystery, the intriguing area of Loch Ness should not be missed. WHERE I WANT TO GO Luskentyre Beach Luskentyre beach is situated on the spectacular west coast of South Harris in the Outer Hebrides. One of the most beautiful color-washed coastal areas of Scotland, its blue-green seas shimmer against creamy sands and the vibrant green hillside. Elcho Castle Elcho Castle is a handsome and complete 16th century fortified mansion with three projecting towers on the banks of the River Tay. The remarkably complete house of the 1500s was the country retreat of the wealthy Wemyss family. It is managed by Historic Scotland and is open to visitors throughout the summer. I think that Scotland is very interesting and it is a very beautiful country. Thank you for watching! :)
Preparations to overthrow Wessex Defeated by King Alfred England divided: Wessex in the south and west (Saxon law) Danelaw in the north and east (Danish law) King Alfred Alfred the Great The only monarch in English history with this title An able warrior A dedicated scholar The only English monarch for a long time afterwards who was able to read and write A wise ruler Encouraged the formation of fortified towns Established schools Translated books from Latin The story of the burning of the cakes Danish raids The name "England" first used in 973 (Edgar becomes king of nearly all of present-day England) A new wave of raids in the 980's In 991 a decision to buy off the raiders Danegeld A dangerous precedent Good money for just showing up Conquered England at the beginning of the millennium Canute The greatest ruler
Cork and Kerry Lakes of Killarney one of the main attractions Splendid scenery Rich in ruined castles and abbeys The town of Cork a city built on water. Boasts the lively October jazz festival and a bohemian spirit Bantry House the home of the White family since 1739. It houses an eclectic collection of art and furnishing from all over Europe The Lower Shannon Covers the counties of Clare, Limerick and Tipperary The Rock of Cashel a fortified abbey on a limestone outcrop. It was the seat of the Kings of Munster for over 700 years Bunratty Castle built in the 15th century by the local Gaelic clans The Burren a vast limestone plateau Cliffs of Moher rise to a height of 200m and extend for 8 km The West of Ireland Sparsely populated Features mountains, low stone walls and peat bogs Galway a fastgrowing university town. About 75% of the people speak Gaelic Connemara National Park founded in 1980. Visitors can see
town. The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century, but it acquired its medieval appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified town hall, constructed of local limestone, existed in its present location already in the mid-13th century. The town hall first mentioned in a real estate record in 1322 had a large meeting room (consistorium) and, considering the times, a huge warehouse (cellarium civitatis). Three walls and seven windows representing Tallinn's oldest secular architecture have come down to our days from that building.
Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in 1219. In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League - a military alliance of German-dominated cities inNorthern Europe. The Danes sold Tallinn along with their other land possessions in northern Estonia to the Teutonic Knights in 1346. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. The city, with a population of 8,000, was very well fortified with city walls and 66 defence towers. During the Great Northern War the Swedish troops based in Tallinn capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia. The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889. The 19th century brought industrialization of the city and the port kept its importance. During the last decades of the century Russification measures became stronger.
The largest lake in Tallinn is Lake Ülemiste. It is the main source of the city's drinking water. The first inhabitants are believed to have come here 3500 years ago.Tallinn was first mentioned in 1154. Tallinn wa s found e d in th e 10th c e ntury a s a m e r c h a nt s' s ettl e m e nt c all e d Lind ani s e . But o nly at th e b e ginnin g of th e 1 3th c e ntury t Dan e s e st a blis h e d R e v al (whic h wa s Tallinn's n a m e till 1 91 8 ) a s a fortified city. T h e c urr e nt n a m e Tallinn wa s m o st pr o b a bly d eriv e d fro m th e old E stonian n a m e Taani linn (Dani s h town). T h e s q u ar e in front of th e Town Hall fun ction e d a s a m a rk etpla c e e v e n b efor e th e Town Hall its elf wa s b uilt. T h e s q u ar e
round the exhibitions and appreciate the `wow´ factor on entering the Floral Hall. With the addition of lifts and escalators, this is one of the most accessible theatres in Britain today. Tower of London The ancient stones reverberate with dark secrets, priceless jewels glint in fortified vaults and ravens strut the grounds. The Tower of London, founded by William the Conquerer in 1066-7, is one of the world´s most famous fortresses, and one of Britain ´s most visited historic sites. Despite a grim reputation for a place of torture and death, there
road and attracted more and more traders. Soon the flourishing city Londinium came into existence. The Romans rebuilt the town into a centre of great importance. After the Romans withdrew from Britain in the Picts, Scots, Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded London. It started to expand again under the Saxon kings. London was described as a commercial centre into which goods from all parts of the world flew by land and sea. King Alfred the Great repopulated and fortified the city. Edward the Confessor started to build a new royal palace at Westminster and raised London to the level of capital. William the Conqueror started the construction of the Tower of London and his successor William II enlarged it and constructed Westminster Hall. The two centres which were to characterise the English capital for many years emerged: The City of L and Westminster. In 1193 Londoners elected Henry Fitzalwin their first Mayor and in 1209 a stone bridge was
This street belonged to the lower town and was used by pedestrians only because it is and was only a stairway street. The relations between the Upper and Lower towns were tense at the best of times as both the rich merchants of the Lower Town and the noblemen and knights of the Upper Town wanted to obtain more power. Due to the conflicts between the two towns the merchants in the Lower Town were afraid of raids from the Upper Town and had the street connecting the two Towns fortified with a wall and gatehouses. The new wall has become known as the Wall of Mistrust. During night all traffic between the Upper and Lower town was stopped and the gates were shut at 9pm. The Short Leg gate tower at the top of Lühike Jalg Street was created in 1454-56 and it connects Short Leg and Long Leg. It can be considered the most haunted spot in the Old Town, simply due to the number and persistence of reported incidents
cannibals. There was only one tribe that were, other tribes just kept the heads of their defeated to secure their mana or enemy's power. The Maori had a complex social structure of tribes, sub-tribes and clans and a concrete society made up of nobility, priestly and slave classes. The Maori believed in deities and personifications, such as Tane-mahuta, the lord of the forest, Tawhirimatea and Tangaroa, the Polynesian ocean god. Their villages were fortified with an open space in the centre were the whare hui or the meeting house was located. Maori history has never been written down, instead it was preserved in songs and chants, some of which like war chant or haka and challenge or wero, are still used today. The first European explorers arrived to New Zealand in the mid 1600s but in general it is said that Aotearoa was discovered by Captain James Cook. He arrived there in 1769 and grabbed the land for the British crown
century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town (inhabited by people of a lower social standing), as there were conflicts between the two. The doors and the gates of the wall were locked at night, a procedure which carried on until the end of the 19th century. Tallinn joined the German-dominated Hanseatic League in 1285 and became a junction of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west,
English country of Berkshire. It is the largest in habited castle in the world and the oldest in continuous occupation, since it dates back to the time of William the Conqueror. The castle’s area is approximately 484,000 square feet (44, 955 square metres). The castle has been garrison fortress, home, official palace and sometimes prison for most of the Kings and Queens of England/Great Britain. During the war, the castle has been heavily fortified but when country has been in peace, it has been expanded with large and grand apartments and this pattern has continued nowadays. The White Cliffs of Dover is one of England’s most famous natural landmarks. The cliffs were formed over 80 million years ago. They are a part of British coastline facing France and the Strait of Dover. The cliffs owe its impressive façade to its composition of chalk accentuated by streaks of black flint and they spread east and west from the town of Dover in
The currency is Eesti kroon. The main religion is Lutheran. Anniversary of the republic is celebrated on February 20. The national flower is cornflower, national bird is barn swallow and national stone is limestone. It is a land of great natural beauty with a long and varied history and rich culture. It has served as a junction of international trade routes for centuries. History. The oldest marks of habitation on the territory of Estonia date from the 8th millennium BC. Fortified settlements were established in the 1 st century BC. The ancestors of Estonians formed several independent states headed by elected elders. Until the beginning of the 13th century Estonia was politically independent. Then began a long chain of occupation and control by foreign powers. In the 1200s the German crusaders converted Estonia into a Christianity by force and took control over South Estonia. In 1219 Denmark conquered Northern Estonia. About a century later, in 1346
These seating arrangements have existed for hundreds of years. Biggest Cities The biggest cities in UK are London, Manchester, Newcastle, Liverpool, Bristol, Glasgow, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Birmingham, Leeds, Southampton. Chester is a very important town in the north-west of England. It has about sixty thousand inhabitants. In the past it used to be a Roman fort; its name comes from .the Latin word castra, meaning "fortified camp" . Oxford is the home of the oldest university in England Most of the oldest colleges are situated just a short walk from each other in the centre of town. The most famous college is Christ Church. It has a great hall dating from the reign of Henry VIII and its chapel has become the Cathedral of Oxford. Cambridge is the home of Britain's second oldest University. It is situated on the river Cam.
25 cigarillos (cigars with a maximum individual weight of 3 gms); or 10 cigars; or 50 gms of tobacco; or A proportional assortment of the different products. Alcohol 1 litre of distilled beverages and spirits over 22% volume; or 1 litre of fortified or sparkling wine, and some liqueurs of 22% volume or less; and 2 litres of still wines. Perfume and toilet 50 gms of perfume; or waters 0.25 litres of toilet water. Reminder: It is important to remember that there is no relief from VAT or Excise duty on the above products, irrespective of their value. 5.4 More than one item in a "gift" consignment
sisustamise pärast (,,Nad ju lähevad käest ära!"). Seega tarbimisseadused ei olnud mitte kuritegelikud vms vaid liikusid koos ühiskonnaga, esindades selle konservatiivsemat ülemklassi muret. Alkoholikeelud: · 1900 to 1948 in Prince Edward Island, and for shorter periods in other locations in Canada · 1914 to 1925 in Russia and the Soviet Union · 1915 to 1922 in Iceland (though beer was still prohibited until 1989) · 1916 to 1927 in Norway (fortified wine and beer also prohibited from 1917 to 1923) · 1919 in Hungary (in the Hungarian Soviet Republic, March 21 to August 1; called szesztilalom) · 1919 to 1932 in Finland kieltolaki · 1920 to 1933 in the United States Harry Anslinger suur kanepivastane, 1937 kanepi keelustamine Tarbimine tuli nii aristrokaatia (luksus, pillamine) kui ka tööliste (lõbumajandust, märatsev spordifännide mass) puhul kontrolli alla saada. Aja tarbimine - puhkeaja mõiste tekkimine
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad, 15.10.2016 2‘’Clogged Arteries (Arterial Plaque), WebMD, http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/clogged- arteries-arterial-plaque#1 15.10.2016 4 diet that has been approved to be healthy by many major health associations when planned and nutritionally adequate. 3 There are some key nutrients that vegans need to look out for, mainly vitamin B12 and vitamin D, but with the help of fortified foods and food supplements it’s found to be appropriate for all stages of life. 4 Individuals following vegetarian and vegan diets appear to have lower body mass indexes and lower rates of heart disease as well as lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. 5 That being said, not all diets fit all individuals and any diet plan can turn out to be the opposite of healthful when not followed correctly. When comparing a plant based diet
the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order. The Germans renamed Tallinn and called it Reval. Toompea became the seat of the German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town, as there were conflicts between the two. The Lower Town was the home of simple people, the artisans and the merchants. The doors and gates in the wall were locked at night. Tallinn joined the German-dominated Hanseatic League in 1285 and became a junction of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west, while salt, cloth, herring and wine moved east
vajavatele sõlmedele. Neid võib kasutada ka tööstusseadmetes normaalkoormustel. Pidevaks tööks on nad efektiivsed temperatuurivahemikus -20° ... 125°C, kuid võivad taluda ka juhuslikke kõrgtemperatuure kuni 160°C. ADNOC GREASE NLGI 2 määrdega määritakse vedrustuse sõrmi, pukse, jahutusvedeliku pumba laagreid jne. Määrded Effektiivsed määrded, mis sobivad kasutamiseks laialdasel temperatuuriskaalal. Valvoline Multi- Purpose, Moly Fortified ja Lithium No. 2 EP määrded on loodud kaitsmaks kõiki kuulliigendite süsteeme, roolimehhanismie, laagreid ka kõige karmimates tingimustes. Valvoline Semi Fluid Grease 00 on mõeldud kasutamiseks kõikjal kus liitiumil baseeruv määre on nõutud. Sobib kasutamiseks laagrite ja suletud tööstuslike käigukastide määrimiseks, kus poolvedel määret soovitatakse. Tänu selle määrde väga headele määrimisomadustele ka kõige ekstreemsematel tingimustel võib teda kasutada ka
Altogether 40% of university-educated Estonians worked in Russia, they made excellent careers as becoming university professors, generals and estate Stewarts. From the point of view of the defence of Petrograd, the Baltic countries had especially important place in Russian military planning. Before the First World War, numerous military installations were erected in Estonia: the Russian Baltic navy port and the shipyards in Tallinn; the grand fortified naval base on the Northern coast bearing the name of Peter I. When the war broke out, the Estonian economy was totally subjected to the needs of the Russian war machine. About 100 000 men were forced into the Russian army; 10 000 of them were killed. In the Russian-German conflict the Estonian politicians supported the Russian side, because unification with Germany meant in their opinion the disappearance of the nation through Germanisation
romantic sound. Nowadays, the church has an Estonian Lutheran congregation and also serves as a concert hall. 3. Lower Town The Town Wall encircling the Lower Town is one of the greatest medieval treasures of Tallinn. It was begun in the 13th century, completed in the 14th and constantly improved and strengthened thereafter. The walls were 2.5 metres thick on average, over 2 km long, and their height reached 15-16 metres. The wall was fortified by 27 towers, 18 of which have survived. In Tower Square you can admire several of them. The strongest are the cannon towers Fat Margaret and Kiek in the Kök (Peep into the Kitchen). Many towers in the Town wall have been restored as fine restaurants, cafés and intimate concert calls. Two-thirds of the old wall have survived, making it one of the most special medieval sights in Tallinn. The Tallinn Town Hall
anything than a sceptre Treasure is now in British museum Alfred the Great and the rise of Wessex to cultural pre-eminence Alfred the Great was the king of southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, stands out for his social and educational reforms and for military successes against Danes Improved the army and navy, bought vessels bigger than vikings The first town planner By 880s Wessex was covered with public strongholds, grid of streets, planned fortified towns where landowners, traders and crafters started marketing First English king who worte books More learned laity Danelaw, Viking territories in the British Isles During 9th C all Scottish Islands and the Isdle of Man went to the Vikings The Danes invaded East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia and established their kingdom- Danelaw Even being christianized, they retained their systems of manorial organization, land
spread of the pointed arch westward from its origins in the Middle East. The pointed arch typically was a Gothic architectural form important structurally in the development of palaces, castles, and especially the cathedrals of western Europe, but not very important for bridges. Medieval bridges continued such multi-functional traditions as the Isfahan Bridge in Iran. Chapels, shops, tollhouses, and towers adorned fortified bridges such the 1355 Pont Valentré at Cahors (France) or the Monnow Bridge (1272, 1296) at Monmouth, Wales (UK), which were built with defensive ramparts, firing slits, and drawspans. Christian religious orders formed after the fall of the Roman Empire greatly assisted travellers by building bridges. In western and central Europe, religious groups managed popular financial institutions, with Papal sanction, both for bridge construction and for hospitals. The influence of
vaba aja sisustamise pärast (,,Nad ju lähevad käest ära!"). Seega tarbimisseadused ei olnud mitte kuritegelikud vms vaid liikusid koos ühiskonnaga, esindades selle konservatiivsemat ülemklassi muret. Alkoholikeelud: · 1900 to 1948 in Prince Edward Island, and for shorter periods in other locations in Canada · 1914 to 1925 in Russia and the Soviet Union · 1915 to 1922 in Iceland (though beer was still prohibited until 1989) · 1916 to 1927 in Norway (fortified wine and beer also prohibited from 1917 to 1923) · 1919 in Hungary (in the Hungarian Soviet Republic, March 21 to August 1; called szesztilalom) · 1919 to 1932 in Finland kieltolaki · 1920 to 1933 in the United States Harry Anslinger suur kanepivastane, 1937 kanepi keelustamine Tarbimine tuli nii aristrokaatia (luksus, pillamine) kui ka tööliste (lõbumajandust, märatsev spordifännide mass) puhul kontrolli alla saada. Aja tarbimine - puhkeaja mõiste
BERNARDO I have seen nothing. MARCELLUS Horatio says 'tis but our fantasy, And will not let belief take hold of him Touching this dreaded sight, twice seen of us: Therefore I have entreated him along With us to watch the minutes of this night; That if again this apparition come, He may approve our eyes and speak to it. HORATIO Tush, tush, 'twill not appear. BERNARDO Sit down awhile; And let us once again assail your ears, 6 That are so fortified against our story What we have two nights seen. HORATIO Well, sit we down, And let us hear Bernardo speak of this. BERNARDO Last night of all, When yond same star that's westward from the pole Had made his course to illume that part of heaven Where now it burns, Marcellus and myself, The bell then beating one,— Enter Ghost MARCELLUS Peace, break thee off; look, where it comes again! BERNARDO In the same figure, like the king that's dead. MARCELLUS
* Later messages from Cairo still contained some noteworthy observations but no broad view of the situation. And when the new military ATTACHÉ there began using the M-138 strip cipher, which defied all Axis attempts at solution, it cut Rommel off from the strategic intelligence on which he had so long depended. The loss occurred just as he was crossing the frontier into Egypt and seemed to have the Pyramids and victory almost within his grasp. The British 8th Army fell back to its fortified positions at El Alamein, and on July 2 Auchin-leck jabbed out with the first of a series of counterattacks. Rommel, deprived of his most valuable source of information, could no longer take the expeditious measures for defense and offense that he was previously enabled to. On July 4, he reported that he was going over to the defensive. Meanwhile, Britain succeeded in reinforcing Malta, and attacks from there pinched the Axis pipeline. Rommel clamored in vain for fuel.
annaabi.ee 
