Referaadis kirjutame, mida see sõna (animatsioon) tähendab, selle ajaloost ja loetleme multikaid, mis on juba lapsepõlvest armsaks saanud! 3 Animatsiooni seletus Definitsioon: animatsioon (ladina keeles animatio, tõlkes hingestamine, elustamine) on graafikaobjektide võimalikult tõepäraselt liikuma panemine filmi- ja meediakunstis. Arvutianimatsioon (computer animation) on kunst luua liikuvaid pilte arvuti abil. Animatsioon (animation) on protsess, mille puhul iga filmi või video kaader luuakse eraldi kasutades selleks arvutigraafikat, fotografeerides joonistatud kujutisi või järjest muudetud mudeleid (näiteks savikujusid). Animatsiooni alusteooria on lihtne: kui üksteise järel näidatatavaid üksteisest pisut erinevaid kujutisi vahetatakse piisava kiirusega, siis inimsilm tajub seda liikumisena. Nähtus on
He came home in 1919 and started working as illustrator for commercials. In 1923 he and his brother Roy went to Hollywood with just 40 dollars and there his life changed totally, where he had success after success. He is most known for his animated cartoons, most popular of which is Mickey Mouse, whom he gave the voice himself. Mickey Mouse was his first great success. Mickey Mouse first appeared in 1928 and it was the first animated cartoon with synchronized voice in history of animation. In 1932, Walt Disney created a cartoon Flowers and Trees, which was the first cartoon in colour and it was the first cartoon to get an Oscar's award. In 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated musical, was premiered and it was also a great success. This cartoon raised over 1 million dollars, which was quite a sum at that time. In 1955 he opened a huge theme-park in California, which he called after himself Disneyland.
DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE MEANINGS IN MOTION GRAPHICS TEXT For Multimedia Semiotics To begin with, what is motion graphics? Motion Graphics is a piece of video which is created digitally in a computer and as the name refers bases on moving graphical elements. These elements can be images, text, graphical designs or a multidimensional imagery. But this term should not be confused with another term ,,animation". Line between these two is a bit blurred. Animation often is only giving life to the characters and scenery. Also, it can be done in real world with physically created sets. Motion graphics on the other hand can be only created in digital world and could include animation. But also there are more two very important aspects desing and cinematohraphy. Therefore when talking about motion graphics it means moving graphycally created elements in a beatiful way. Motion graphics is pretty recent platform compared to a graphical design for example
The video was popular and was widely shared, both by duplication and over the Internet. This led to talks to create a series, first with FOX, then with Comedy Central, where the series debuted on August 13, 1997. EPISODES New episodes air on Wednesdays, so production begins the previous Thursday and takes the entire team 100120 hours each to complete in the ensuing week.[9] Almost all work on the series is done in-house at South Park Studios in Culver City, Los Angeles. Animation The show's style of animation was inspired by the paper cut-out cartoons made by Terry Gilliam for Monty Python's Flying Circus, of which Trey Parker and Matt Stone have been lifelong fans.[13] Construction paper and traditional stop motion cutout animation techniques were used in the original animated shorts and in the pilot episode made for Comedy Central. The pilot episode required three months to produce. Subsequent episodes have been produced
MULTIMEDIA 1. Multimedia refers to content that uses a combination of different content forms. 2. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation, video, or interactivity content forms 3. Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed, or accessed by information content processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance 4. Multimedia may be broadly divided into linear and non-linear categories Linear active content progresses often without any navigational control for
RNAi saab kasutada ka raku suuremahulise geenide väljalülitamise korral, kui süstemaatiliselt lülitatakse välja kõik geenid, aitamaks tuvastada komponente teatud raku protsessidel, nagu raku jagunemisel. Lisaks on RNAi paljutõotav töövahend nii biotehnoloogias kui ka meditsiinis. Kasutatud kirjandus: http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_interferents http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Mello http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Fire http://www.nature.com/nrg/multimedia/rnai/animation/index.html http://web.stanford.edu/group/hopes/cgi-bin/wordpress/2012/04/gene-silencing/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/probe/doc/ApplSilencing.shtml
Kui tahan kustutada ainult kommentaare siis võtan review comments - delete . Risttabeleid saab teha insert - pivot table. Kindlat ala saan välja printida page layout print area set print area . Ühes tulbas oleva teksti saab kahte tulpa panna data data tools text to columns. 13. Powerpointis saab tekstile ja nupudele linke teistele slaididele teha insert object create from file. Mõttepilvel tähti ükshaaval ette tulema spiraalis animations custom animation add effect alt. Teist täpselt samasugust objekti saab home new slide duplicate selected slides.
• Seejärel valida sobiv foto: Insert => Picture => From File. • Valitud foto venitada üle slaidi, vajadusel vähendada kontrastsust ja tumedust. • Valmis tausta tahaplaanile saatmine: Draw => Order => Sent to back. • Seejärel sulgeda Master’i tööriistariba: Close Master View. Animeerimine Slaidi ilmumist ning sinna sisestatud teksti saab animeerida. Selleks valida ülevalt menüüribast Slide Show => Animation Scemes. Ekraani vasakule poolele tuleb vaateaken, kust saab valida endale sobiva animatsiooni slaidi või selles oleva teksti animeerimiseks. Veel võimalusi Slaididega saab teha muudki: Neid vahetada- selleks valida Slide Show menüüst Slide Transition. Määrata nende muutumise kiirust- Modify transition, kus pakutakse välja fast, medium ja slow versioonid.
Päeval seadsid teadlased endale eesmärgiks leida üles Moto kogukonna Inimahvid. See osutus karmiks väljakutseks kuna suured sääseparved ja sagedased elevantide sõnnikuhunnikud segasid teadlastel korralikult kontsentreeruda. Õnneks, leiti aga primaadid enne ööd üles. Teadlased nägid ahvide erakordset mõistuse taset. Nimelt oskavad ahvid tööriistu vaslmistada. Meessoose simpans õnge valmistamas. >>> http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/02/goualougo/goualougo-animation/ termite-fishing Samuti oskavad simpandis ka meetarudis Kokkuvõte Kongo Gongolese Kolmnurga primaadid on ja jäävad tänapäeva kõige salapärasemateks ahvideks maalimas. Mogani ja Sanzi ekspiditsioon tõi need olendid meile lähemale, kuid arvatavasti tööriistade ja intelektuaalselt kõrge tasemega need ahvlased ei piirdu.Seega on jäänud paljud asjad uurimata ning loodan , et varsti saame neist imeliselt tarkadest loomadest rohkem teada. Tänan tähelepanu eest!
Also they pass on the torch to next organizing class by giving them the Art Weeks flag. This year´s theme country was Japan. The school was decorated with symbolic things from Japan. There was a handmade Torii in the lobby. Art Weeks café was in atrium where 11c did very good job. My favourite food was sushi which I believe was made by themselves. There were many activities in which students could participate. I took part in language lesson, origami lesson, animation workshop where I made my own little cartoon. I also went to a lecture in TTU about robots from Japan. At the end of the lecture we built our own robots and made them compete with each other. There were also a lot people who came to talk about life in Japan. This week gave me very good view into Japans life and culture. I think Art Week is a tradition which everyone inside or outside of Tallinn 21. School should value because such events do not take place in any other schools
The history of movies starts in early 1900s. American inventor Thomas Edison, began making short motion pictures at the turn of the century. In 1903, a movie called "The Great Train Robbery" was the first one to tell the whole story. Movies were silent at this time and orchestras played music in theathers, so movies would have sound. The Jazz Singer in 1927 was the first movie to have sound. A year later, 1928, a funny animation movie "Steamboat willie" was produced. 1920-s were also the rise of hollywood. The majority of film making took place in the hollywood area. Hollywood was the initial birth place of the studios. Studios there were separated into 3 different groups. The biggest one was the Big Five. It included studios like ee WB. 20th Century Fox and Paramount. Movies were fun. Everyone had something to talk about. People would go to see the movies in big groups and have fun
Outstanding animators: Hardi Volmer, Avo Paistik and especially Priit Pärn. - Their films form the best part of Estonian film production. Black Nights Film Festival - PÖFF The festival brings to the Estonian audience a selection of world cinema, featuring visual delight for every taste and age. - It consists of the main programme and three sub-festivals 1) Children and Youth Film Festival Just Film 2) Student and Short Film Festival Sleepwalkers 3) Animation Film Festival Animated Dreams - Tallinn hosts PÖFF in november/december Estonian films through the ages Top 10 1. Sügisball (2007), rezissöör Veiko Õunpuu 2. Hullumeelsus (1968), rezissöör Kajo Kiisk 3. Kevade (1969), rezisöör Arvo Kruusement 4. Viimne reliikvia (1969), rezissöör Grigori Kromanov 5. Ideaalmaastik (1980), rezissöör Peeter Simm 6. Georgica (1998), rezissöör Sulev Keedus 7. Nipernaadi (1983), rezssöör Kaljo Kiisk 8
Käive oli 2009. aastal 42, 91 miljardit USA dollarit. Ajakiri Fortune küsitluste põhjal võib öelda, et Apple oli aastatel 2008-2010 kõige ihaldusväärseim firma USA's. 3 Viide: [http://www.apple.com/support/] (10. aprill 2010) Steven Paul Jobs Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (sündinud 24. veebruar 1955) on USA ärimees ja asutaja ja Apple Inc tegevjuht. Varem on Steve töötanud tegevjuhina Pixar Animation Studios ning on nüüd selle suuromanik, Steve on veel ka Walt Disney juhatuse liige. 1970ndate lõpus Steven Paul Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula ja teised projekteerisid ning arendasid ja turustasid mõned esimesed kaubanduslikult edukad personaalarvutid, mida nad kutsusid Apple II. Hiljem kutsuti seda Macintoshiks. Jobs oli sellest meeskonnast esimene kes märkas äripotentsiaali hiire juhitud graafilisest kasutajaliidesest.
• Argielus aitab kaasa ökoloogilise jalajälje kujunemisele: - kodude ja koolide/tööpaikade kütmine - valgustamine - kasutatavate seadmete energiaga varustamine - kaupade ja teenuste tootmine, töötlemine, transport, käitlemine • Süsiniku ringlust on võimalik kontrolli alla saada, kui igaühe ökoloogilise jalajälje näitaja oleks maksimaalselt 1,5t. • Meil kõigil on võimalus jalajälge oluliselt vähendada. UAE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANIMATION ÖKOLOOGILINE JALAJÄLG - FAKTID • Iga 2 minuti jooksul annab Päike Maale rohkem energiat kui me aasta jooksul tarbime. • Klaasuste paigaldamine kaminale võib vähendada korstna kaudu väljuvat soojuskadu 50%. • Lääneriikides moodustab keskküte 60% kodude CO2 emissioonist. • Iga temperatuurikraad, mille võrra soojus termostaadil väheneb, vähendab küttearvet ~10% ja keskmise kodu CO2 emissiooni 300kg.
ParemklõpsSlide Designe FormatSlide Designe NB! Muudetakse kõikide slaidide kujundust Kõik slaidid on korraga näha: ViewSlide Sorter view Tagasi tööaknasse: ViewNormal View Ühe/ kõigi slaidide tausta muutmine: FormatBlackground Slaidi ilmumine: Slide showSlide Transition Slaidi vahetuse viis Kiirus Vahetumist saatev helilõik Vahetub käsitsi/automaatselt Rakendatakse ühele slaidile (v. kõikidele) Eriefektid: Slide showCustom Animation Eriefektid antakse slaidi objektidele. Aktiviseeri objectAdd efekt(paremal ülal)klõpsa efektilModify-alalt vali täpsustused (algus, muutmisviis, kiirus) Varjatud salid: s.o. varuslaidigaks juhuks valmis tehtud, näidatakse vajaduse tekkides Tegemine: Vaade Slide Sorter View: Paremklõpsa slaidilHide Slide Või menu Slide ShowHide Slide Slide Sorter View vaates slaidi number läbikriipsutatud. Nähtavale toomine Slide Show ajal: ParemklõpsGo to slidesulgudes olev slaidi nr.
Kui tahan kastis ära kustutada ainult kujunduse pean võtma Home Editing Clear Clear formats Kui tahan panna rahaühikuks näiteks inglise naela siis selle saan kätte Home Cells Format- Format Cells Number -Currency Symbol valida Englilish (saab ka parema hiireklõpsuga otse Fomat Cells) Powerpointis saab tekstile ja nupudele linke teistele slaididele teha insert object create from file. Mõttepilvel tähti ükshaaval ette tulema spiraalis animations custom animation add effect alt. Teist täpselt samasugust objekti saab home new slide duplicate selected slides.
This is one reason why some games applications still utilise the original Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) -- it is mostly just simple wrapper methods around OS calls. However, most games do not require complex GUIs: full-screen game play with mouse and keyboard controls are the norm, so GUI speed is less of a factor. Another speed drain is Java's garbage collector, which is run automatically by the JVM, and may cause an appreciable slowdown in game animation. This is one area where good coding style can alleviate the problem, by the programmer reducing the number of temporary objects created during execution. Knowing which version of Java you are using is important, especially when executing applets. Many browsers, such as Netscape 6 and Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 default to a JVM at version 1.1 unless the user configures things differently. The speed-up in Java is mostly due to improvements in compiler design. The Hotspot
world cinema in all its diversity with the emphasis on European films. Festival tries to provide friendly atmosphere for interaction between the audience, Estonian filmmakers and their colleagues from abroad. The Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival consists of the main programme and 3 subfestivals: 1. main programme (3 12 December) Presents featurelength fiction films from previous 2 years, retrospective of a filmmaker, genre or studio, and focus on a country. 2. Animation Film Festival "Animated Dreams" (8 12 December) Competition of short animations from previous 3 years. Also in programme a retrospective of a filmmaker and focus on a country. 3. Sleepwalkers Student Film Festival (27 November 3 December) In competition student films from 3 previous years fiction, documentary animation films. Special programme of the first works of renown filmmakers, selection of one film school and selection of one film festival. 4
pereema Marge, poeg Bart ning tütred Lisa ja Maggie. Joonissarja tegevus toimub väljamõeldud linnas nimega Springfield. Sari näitab lähemalt inimesi, Ameerika kultuuri, rahvast tervikuna, ning televisiooni ennast. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB7VF980cEA "Käsna-Kalle Kantpüks" "Käsna-Kalle Kantpüks" on Ameerika Ühendriikide Emmy auhinna võitnud joonissari, mille autor on merebioloog Stephen Hillenburg. Seriaali tootmine algas 1999 aastatel Nickelodeon Animation Studiosi poolt. Eestis näitab sarja TV3. Eestikeelset teksti loeb Ardo Ran Varres. Joonissarja peategelaseks on Bikini atolli merealuse linna Bikiini Põhja elanik kollane merekäsn Käsna-Kalle Kantpüks (SpongeBob SquarePants). Ta elab koos lemmiklooma teo Garyga ananassi majakeses ning töötab kiirtoidurestoranis krabiburgeri valmistajana. Käsna-Kalle naabriteks on kivi all elav roosa, laisk, ülekaaluline ja lihtsameelne meritäht Patrick (Patrick Star) ja
Kõiki eelpooltoodud võimalusi saab valida ka käsu Format->Font või hiire paremklõpsu alt avaneva käsu Font abil. Menüüst Format->Font saab valida ka mõningaid nn "efekte", näiteks: Strikethrough - läbikriipsutatud kiri; Subscript - alaindeks; Superscript ülaindeks; Shadow varjutatud kiri. kiri Aknas Font on kolm lipikut: Font, Character Spacing ja Animation. Kui kõik eelnevad käsud olid olemas lipikul Font, siis lipikul Character Spacing on mõned võimalused tähemärkide vahemike muutmiseks: Spacing - saab määrata, kui suur on vahemik sümbolite vahel. Valikud on: Normal - tavaline, Condensed vähendatud; Expanded - suurendatud. Kui palju sümbolite vahesid suurendada või vähendada, seda saate määrata lahtrist By; Position - saab muuta teksti positsiooni, st nihutada seda rea kesktelje suhtes üles- või allapoole.
kasutama veebidisainis. Lisaks sellele on GIF formaadis alfa-kanal, mis lubab salvestada pilti läbipaistvana (Transparent). Läbipaistvuse alt leiad veel parameetri Matte, mis on soovitav valida sama värvi, mis saab olema läbipaistva pildi taust - see tekitab ilusa äärejoone. Kuigi hetkel tehakse päris palju ära CSS3 abiga või hoopis PNG formaadis, siis põhjus miks PNG pole suutnud GIF'i päris ajalooprügikasti suruda on selle võime kuvada animatsioone (GIF Animation). Seda teemat vaatame veel eraldi, aga siin all siis üks näide. GIF salvestamisel antakse teil valida veel mõningaid seadistusi: 36 Dither (virvtoonimine) - tegemist on tehnoloogiaga, mis kuvab värvide üleminekuid sujuvamalt Interlaced - tegemist on meetodiga, kus pilt laetakse kasutaja arvutisse ridade kaupa
the vast majority being local. 32. New media- a group of relatively recent mass media based on new information technology (the Internet, World Wide Web, video games, interactive media, CD-ROM and other forms of multimedia). New media is a generic term for the many different forms of electronic communication that are made possible through the use of computer technology: Web sites, virtual worlds, virtual reality, multimedia, computer games, computer animation, among others. 33. Consumer magazines- (2,800 titles) – general consumer magazines that aim to entertain and inform (Marie Claire, Radio Times) – consumer specialist titles aimed at a specific interest or hobby (Car, Gardeners' World) 34. Business magazines- specialised and aimed at people in work (sometimes called 'trade' or 'B2B' magazines, Doctor, Press Gazette ) – free to specified readers (known as controlled circulation) and so rely on advertising 35
maintain his personal homepage.. Michael Widenius and David Axmark start work on the MySQL database. In 2008, Sun Microsystems bought MySQL for US$1 billion. Now owned by Oracle. 1995 Eestis esimene päevaleht internetis Eesti päevaleht. http://www.zzz.ee/epl/ Microsoft releases Windows 95 Microsoft releases Microsoft Internet Explorer 1.0. Microsoft introduces Microsoft Office 95. Pixar's Toy Story First 3D animation Borland International ships Borland Delphi language, libraries and IDE for Windows programming. Sun brings out the portable Java language and associated libraries. Alta Vista: the first successful web search engine JAVA 1995 Java is initially used for writing small applets in HTML web pages, but after a while focus shifts to "ordinary programs" without browsers, especially on servers. James Gosling, Mike Sheridan, and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java language project in June 1991
Iga vaatega on võimalik salvestada kaamera positsioon, erinevad stiilid, kihid, jne. Stseeni loomiseks vali menüüst Window>Scenes Pluss-märk lisab uue slaidi ja miinus-märk eemaldab aktiivse slaidi Kui oled välja valinud uue vaatenurga, loos uus slaid ja vajuta Update Scene Ekraani üles tekivad slaidi sakid, millele klikkides saab valida salevstatud vaateid Slaidiesitluse salvestamiseks videona kliki File>Export>Animation, vali soovitud formaat ja vajuta nuppu Export. 109 Google SketchUp HKHK / Mario Metshein 22.3 Kui pikk on animatsioon? Animatsiooni seaded leiad, kui vajutad Window>Model Info, kust saad muuta kaameraliikumiskiirust ja peatumist antud kaadris. 22.4 Töö kaameraga Kaameraga töötamiseks on meil kolm tööriista Position Camera
pioneer volunteers who help the elderly and resist hooligans. There was a genre of hero pioneer story, that bore some similarities with Christian genre of hagiography. In Khrushov and Brezhnev times, however, the pressure lightened. Mid- and late Soviet children's books by Eduard Uspensky, Yuri Entin, Viktor Dragunsky bear no signs of propaganda. In the 1970s many of these books, as well as stories by foreign children's writers, were adapted into animation. Soviet Science fiction, inspired by scientistic revolution, industrialisation, and the country's space pioneering, was flourishing, albeit in the limits allowed by censors. Early science fiction authors, such as Alexander Belyayev, Grigory Adamov, Vladimir Obruchev, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, stuck to hard science fiction and regarded H. G. Wells and Jules Verne as examples to follow. Two notable exclusions from this trend were Yevgeny Zamyatin,
1 million copies of the new and upgrade versions are sold through retail channels within the first 4 days. One month after the release of Windows 95, an estimated 7 million copies have been sold to end-users. Microsoft releases Microsoft Internet Explorer 1.0. Microsoft introduces Microsoft Office 95. 1995: Pixar’s Toy Story First full-length feature film done entirely with 3-D animation. Pixar was created by Jobs several years before. Java is initially used for writing small applets in HTML web pages, but after a while focus shifts to “ordinary programs” without browsers, especially on servers. 1995 Alta Vista: the first successful web search engine AltaVista was created by researchers at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory who were trying to provide services to make finding files on the
ceptance of Campbell s ideas in Hollywood. M o r e executives and writers were versed in these concepts and interested in learning how to apply them to moviemaking and screenwriting. T h e Hero's Journey model continued to serve me well. It got me through reading and evaluating over ten thousand screenplays for half a dozen studios. It was my adas, a book of maps for my own writing journeys. It guided me to a new role in the Disney company, as a story consultant for the Feature Animation division at the time The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast were being conceived. Campbell's ideas were of tremendous value as I researched and developed stories based on fairy tales, mythology, science fiction, comic books, and historical adventure. Joseph C a m p b e l l d i e d in 1 9 8 7 . I met h i m briefly a couple o f t i m e s at seminars. H e was still a striking man in his eighties, tall, vigorous, eloquent, funny, full of energy and enthusiasm, and utterly charming
choir, organ and symphony orchestra. Kapp relies on classical examples, firstly on Bach, (Fugue theme in E minor, later used in the cantata: Aus tiefer Not schrei’ ich auf Dir. BWV 38.) stems the leitmotif of the oratorio: Example 23. The work can be considered first as a masterfully written choral oratorio, but the orchestra is given a dominant role. The oratorio can be described as massive, with great inner dynamics, vigour, dramatics joined with lyricism and animation. Kapp reveals himself as a rebel, albeit a tender one at the same time. The music is like an improvisational stream. It could be said that the work is about the Creator and humanity, sacred and secular at the same time. As the fundamental axis of the work, the struggle between good and evil is recognisable, personified in the images of God and Satan: “Do not follow the wicked but the eternal godly laws.” The oratorio is filled with
Programming Assembly Language .PAL Palette (file name extension) PALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display) PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy System PAM Pluggable Authentication Module (library) + Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAN Personal Area Network [GTE] PAP Packet-level Procedure + Password Authentication Protocol + Picture And Picture + Push Access Protocol + Printer Access Protocol PAR Personal Animation Recorder + Parallel PARA Paragraph PARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX] PA-RISC Precision Architecture-RISC [HP] .PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension) PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal) PAT Port Address Translation .PAT Patch + Pattern (file name extensions) PATA Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment PATN Promotional Port Access Telephone Number PAUSE Perl Automatic Upload Server PAX Portable Archive Exchange [Unix]
Their visits to Mrs. Phillips were now productive of the most interesting intelligence. Every day added something to their knowledge of the officers' names and connections. Their lodgings were not long a secret, and at length they began to know the officers themselves. Mr. Phillips visited them all, and this opened to his nieces a store of felicity unknown before. They could talk of nothing but officers; and Mr. Bingley's large fortune, the mention of which gave animation to their mother, was worthless in their eyes when opposed to the regimentals of an ensign. After listening one morning to their effusions on this subject, Mr. Bennet coolly observed: "From all that I can collect by your manner of talking, you must be two of the silliest girls in the country. I have suspected it some time, but I am now convinced." Catherine was disconcerted, and made no answer; but Lydia, with perfect indifference,
principles and tools. This case study focuses on the construction stage of the project, highlighting two aspects: - The extensive use made of the building information model for fabrication of steel girders and concrete reinforcement, for monitoring and management of the supply chain of fabricated components, for formwork and temporary support structure design, for quality control using laser scanning, and for construction planning using 4D animation. - The ways in which BIM supported lean construction practices, such as its support of production management on- site using the Last Planner SystemTM. Client: City of Helsinki, Public Width: 24,8 m Works Department Designer: WSP Finland Oy (Inc.) Spans: 92+51,5 m
major maintenance operations and facility management purposes. 39 Despite an increase in RFIs, 3D models were very valuable in the construction phase, which compared to the design stage, has traditionally experienced less innovation. On this project, the unstable nature of the large cantilevered platforms necessitated the creation of a 3D steel erection animation. In addition to the structural members, the movie clip showed the sequencing of 320t of temporary steel, which were needed to brace the structure while it was being permanently bolted in place. Optimal positioning of the shores was important to avoid twisting of the structure and minimize congestion on the construction site. By sharing the steel model with the subcontractors, they were able to provide an accurate cost estimate avoiding unnecessary contingencies. As was previously
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