Passive voice Umbisikuline tegumood Kui tegija pole oluline või pole teada. · The Present Simple Passive am is + III pv are Examples: I am watched. A book is read. Marks are given. · The Past Simple Passive was were + III pv Examples: I was watched. A book was read. Marks were given. · The Future Simple Passive will be + III pv Examples: I will be watched. A book will be read. Marks will be given. · The Future Simple Passive in the Past would be + III pv Examples: I would be watched. A book would be read. Marks would be given. · The Present Progressive Passive am is + being + III pv are Examples: I am being watched. A book is being read. Marks are being given. · The Past Progressive Passive was were + being + III pv Examples: I was being watched. A book was being read. Marks were being given. · The Present Perfect Passive have has been + III pv Examples: I have been watched. A
M 1.isik We are happy. Me oleme õnnelikud. I 2.isik You are kind. Te olete lahked. T 3.isik They are rich. Nad on rikkad. M U S Kõnekeeles eelistatakse BE lühivorme: I am = I'm he is = he's she is = she's it is = it's we are = we're You are = you're they are = they're KÜSIV VORM moodustatakse sõnade järjekorra muutmise teel: He is lazy. Ta on laisk. Is he lazy? Kas ta on laisk? EITUS moodustatakse sõna NOT abil, mis asub tegusõna järel: I am angry. Ma olen vihane. I am not angry. Ma ei ole vihane. LIHTMINEVIKUS kasutatakse ainsuses vormi WAS, mitmuses aga vormi WERE.
It was there. See oli seal Was it there? It was not there. We were there. Me olime Were we there? We were not there. seal Olevikus have, has HAVE minevikus had + põhitegusõna III põhivorm tulevikus will have tegusõna kolmas põhivorm moodustatakse reeglipärastel tegusõnadel lõpu -ed, lisamisega. Seega sarnaneb ta tegusõna teisele põhivormile (lihtminevikule) Algvorm III põhivorm Play Played Finish Finished Belong belonged Näide!! Olevik: John has arrived. John on saabunud. I have read this book. Ma olen seda raamatut lugenud. Minevik: John had gone out. John oli välja läinud. Tuleviku: I will have finished it by six o´clock
No, you are not. Is he clever? Yes, he is. No, he is not. Is she pretty? Yes, she is. No, she is not. Is it cheap? Yes, it is. No, it is not. Are we famous? Yes, we are. No, we are not. Are you kind? Yes, you are. No, you are not. Are they rich? Yes, they are. No, they are not. 5. Eitus Eitus moodustatakse sõna not abil, mis asub tegusõna järel: I am strong. - Ma olen tugev. I am not strong. - Ma ei ole tugev. Kõnekeeles eelistatakse lühivorme: is not = isn't are not = aren't 6. Lihtminevikus kasutatakse ainsuses vormi was, mitmuses were: I, he, she, it was we, you, they were Jaatav lause Küsiv lause Eitav lause I was there. (Ma olin seal.) Was I there? I was not there. You were there. (Te olite seal.) Were you there? You were not there.
INGLISE KEELE GRAMMATIKA Present Simple Lihtoleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I make I do not make Do I make? He/she/it speaks He/she/it does not speak Does he/she/it speak? We/you/they go We/you/they do not go Do we/you/they go? NB! ERANDID! · Verbidele, mis lõpevad ss, h, ch, tch, x või oga, lisatakse ainsuse kolmdandas pöördes es. he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear,
Isikulised asesõnad 62 Omastavad asesõnad 62 SOME, ANY ja NO ning nende liitvormid 62 MANY ja MUCH; FEW ja LITTLE 64 NIMISÕNA Nimisõnade mitmus 65 Nimisõnade omastav kääne 66 OMADUSSÕNA kesk- ja ülivõrre 67 TEGUSÕNA Tegusõna BE pööramine (olevik) 69 Tegusõna BE pööramine (minevik) 70 HAVE GOT pööramine 71 Üldolevik 73 Üldminevik Jaatav lause - reeglipärased tegusõnad 74 Jaatav lause - ebareeglipärased tegusõnad 75 Eitav ja küsiv lause 77
GRAMMAR REVISION I. TEGUSÕNA BE PÖÖRAMINE (VERB BE) OLEMA! BE VORMID ON: AM, IS, ARE (olevik), WAS, WERE (minevik). Olevik Minevik I am mina olen I was mina olin You are sina oled You were sina olid He is tema (m.) on ainsus He/ She/ It was tema/ see oli She is tema (n.) on It is see on We are meie oleme mitmus We were me olime You are teie olete You were te olite They are nemad on They were nemad olid II. LÜHENDID (SHORT FORMS) I am = I ´ m I (you/ they) have = I ´ ve You are = You ´ re she (he/ it) has = she ´ s He is = he ´ s is not = isn ´ t I will = I ´ll She is = she ´ s are not = aren ´ t will not = won ´t It is = it ´ s
The Passive Voice Passive voice is used, when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, hovewer, who or what is performing the action. Passiivi kasutatakse siis, kui tegevust teostav isik on teadmata või tema mainimine ei ole oluline, või siis, kui tähelepanu on pööratud sellele, mida tehakse. Passiivi ajavormid moodustatakse abiverbi be pöördelistest vormidest vastavas ajas ja põhiverbi mineviku kesksõnast (III pv-past participle). BE vastav aeg+ Verbi III pv Tegevuse sooritaja näitamiseks kasutatakse eessõna by. Kui aktiivlause aluseks on asesõna (I, you, he, we, you, they, somebody...), siis jäetakse by- fraas ära. Aktiivlause muutmine passiivlauseks: 1. Leiame sihitise ja muudame ta aluseks. 2. Määrame öeldise ajavormi ja asendame ta passiivi vastava ajaga 3. Leiame aluse ja muudame ta eessõna by abil sihitiseks. Example: Jane baked a cake.-active sentence A cake was baked by Jane.-passive sentence Exampple: My bike was stolen.
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