However, it is usual for friends to split the bill. *If you are invited out for a drink, don’t recall the subject of business unless your counterpart does so. *In a pub, each person is expected to pay for a round of drinks. Avoiding your turn to pay will only create a bad impression of you. Body language * Strong eye-contact is essential - it demonstrates involvement. *The accepted distance between people at meetings is an arm's length. *The "thumbs up" gesture is also a vulgar one. So be careful when you want to express joy or victory
instead of a name. Always stay as formal as you can until asked to do otherwise This goes for virtually everything: language, dress, respect for appointments and deadlines, respect for personal space and personal time. If you have someone's home and work telephone number, call him or her at work until invited to call his or her home Good to know Eye contact is important as long as it isn't too obtrusive. Don't chew gum in public. It's considered vulgar. Slapping an open palm over a closed fist is considered rude. And please do not snap your fingers! The French smile shouldn't be perceived as a greeting or a sign of approval. Summary Although French people might sometimes be perceived to be rude by foreigners, formal language and behavior are considered very important. If you're headed to France for business reasons, you'll want to know a little bit about French business etiquette.
Prussians in 1870. Joe showed him his scar in his bald head from an Uhlan's lance, but he put the sword thorugh Uhlan's body and he dropped dead. Later Joe joined the communists, Monsieur Thiers, for 6 weeks. After that he was sentenced to 5 years in New Caledonia. He was really angry when he talked about the Uhlans, even though it happened a half century ago. He wished he was shot instead of put in prison. He was a political prisoner but he was treated like vulgar criminal. After that came the long journey in sailing ship with prisoners, the ship out in Melbourne, one of the officers (fellow-Corsican) enabled him to slip over the side. He swam ashore and went straight to the police station, where no one could understand him. They sent a translator to help him out, his dripping papers were examined and he was told that as long as he didn't set door on a French ship he was safe – Freedom! He was crying when he told him that.
Racism Chauvinism Ethnocentrism – see Cultural relativism 13. Match the term to their definition A member of trendy and acquisitive set of upper-middle-class young people of London = Sloane ranger A predominantly middle-class, middle-income section of British society living in suburban and rural England with mainstream attitudes – middle engalnd A young working-class person whose tastes, though expensive, are considered vulgar =chav 14. Match the term to their definition Central organization through which applications are processed for entry to higher education= UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service) Service that help students who realize on opening their A-level results that they haven’t got the grades required by their universities of choice to find a university place A framework used by all maintained schools to ensure that teaching
8.THE PEOPLE · .American people are oftenly friendly and open. · People tend to not wait to be introduced, will begin to speak with strangers as they stand in a queue, sit next to each other at an event, etc. 9.BODY LANGUAGE · Keep your distance when conversing. If an American feels you are standing too close, he or she may step back without even thinking about it. · Holding the middle finger up by itself is considered insulting and vulgar. · Americans smile a great deal, even at strangers. They like to have their smiles returned. · Men and women will sit with legs crossed at the knees. · Some Americans are known as "back slappers" -- they give others a light slap on the back to show friendship. 10.ENTERTAINMENT · .Do not be late for a dinner party. Arrive within 5 to 15 minutes after the time on the invitation. Never arrive before the time you were invited. If you are
Järgnev on pikk näide erinevatest naise kohta käivatest väljenditest (girl, maiden, lass, lassy, baby, young lady), arvan et pole nii oluline, kuna näiteid on konspektis niigi palju, ei hakka üle pakkuma. Inherent connotation 1 IC may be secured by the very object, quality or notion that the word stands for. People appreciate certain notions, as either positive or negative. Negative notions Adj: dirty, nasty, vulgar, obscene, greedy Nouns: sin, fool, death, tragedy Verbs: destroy, offend, steal, ploth (sepitsema) Positive notions Adj: polite, refine, pure, noble, manly Nouns: virtue, beauty, love, bliss Verbs: worship, save, protect 2 This connotation depends on the thing the word stands by. IC may also depend on the structure of the words. Such words usually contain negative affixes, e.g abnormal, heartless, unpopular, illegal, injustice.
It is a secret language in which the important words are disguised for the outsider not to understand. Used in special meaning e.g. mill (prison), plant (theft), jack (money). There are words that occur in this style only e.g. yegg (criminal), shiv (knife). Vulgar words expressions and words to be widely used e.g. fuck, dick, ass Lexical words usually replaced by euphemisms or by scientific words. The very object or reference is considered vulgar e.g. penis-dick, urinate-piss. Stylistic vulgarism don't express vulgar objects yet, they are inappropriate because they have negative colouring e.g. smeller-nose, plant-bury, flathead-fool Curses damn! Bloody! Shortened forms SOB (son of the bitch) In the direct speech they serve as a means of speech, lack of education, social status. If used in authors' speech the effect is humour, irony. Professional words words coined and used by professional groups docs, teachers, real estate
outside this context connotation is not present. AC may be positive or negative--any part of speech may acquire this connotation, the exact shade of meaning depending on the context. Negative adherent connotation: · (Grammatical negation (science has no soul)) · The proximity of words carrying inherent negative connotations (vulgar and working-class) · The context of the sentence of the words that have a strong vulgar colouring (your bloody principles) · The use of certain intensifiers (too, too much, horribly, perfectly, so, only) (too clean, too new) · We may have a repetition of a word in a sentence (always preaching, preaching, quietly, quietly) · Graphical presentation: in the inverted commas (this "sweet" lady is a killer); uncommon use of punctuation.
Miss Sophia Grey - The wealthy heiress whom Willoughby marries after abandoning Marianne. Mrs. Jennings - Lady Middleton's gossipy but well-intentioned mother who invites the Dashwood sisters to stay with her in London and makes it her "project" to marry them off as soon as possible. Lady Middleton - A distant relation of the Dashwoods who lives at Barton Cottage with her husband Sir John Middleton and their four spoiled children Sir John Middleton - The jovial but vulgar distant relation of the Dashwoods who invites Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters to stay at Barton Cottage after Mr. and Mrs. John Dashwood inherit Norland, leaving the women homeless. Mr. Thomas Palmer - Mrs. Palmer's gruff, unemotional husband. Mrs. Charlotte Palmer - Mrs. Jennings' talkative and foolish daughter who invites the Dashwood sisters to stay at her home in Cleveland on their way from London to Barton.
Aastal 1775 ilmus William Perry ,,The Royal Standard English Dictionary" (,,Kuninglik standardinglise keele sõnaraamat"), mille pealkirjas esineb esimest korda sõnaühend Standard English. Vaatame, kuidas normitud kirjakeel erineb teistest keelekujudest. Allpool toodud skeem on pärit Kenneth G. Wilsoni Ameerika inglise keele käsiraamatust. See inglise keele mudel hõlmab kolm keelekuju: Standard English 'standardinglise keel, normitud inglise keel', Common English 'tavainglise keel' ja Vulgar English 'rahvainglise keel, lihtrahva inglise keel'. 22 Ülemine ring tähistab standard-, keskmine tava- ning alumine rahvakeelt. Meie keelekasutus peegeldab paljuski seda keelekeskkonda, milles me elame. NIMELT Varaste, asotsiaalide ja narkomaanide seltskonnas liikudes omandame vargaargood ja narkoslängi, AGA kuid oleks petlik arvata, et saaksime niimoodi tundma õppida normitud kirjakeelt.
Films Jackass: The Movie After the show went off the air, the cast reunited in 2002 to film what they believed would be the conclusion of Jackass: a full-length motion picture version of the show entitled Jackass: The Movie. The cast made it clear that the film was their "farewell" to the fans of the show, and with the franchise taking the movie format, the cast and crew were now allowed to circumvent the censors, showing more vulgar stunts than the ones featured on the TV show. [8] Despite earlier disagreements, MTV Films assisted in the movie's distribution. The movie, filmed on a budget of just $5 million, went on to gross over $60 million in the United States alone, and finished in the number 1 spot at the box office during its debut weekend. Jackass: Number two With the release of Jackass: The Movie, director Jeff Tremaine and the rest of
Meena's family decide to move out of Tollington. Characterize and analyze the main characters (what motivates them, are they round or flat characters, do they develop, if so, in what way) Meena Kumar is 9 years old and lives in the village of Tollington `the jewel of the Black Country', the daughter of Indian parents who have come to England to give her a better life. Meena is, much to her parents' chagrin, no angel: She lies, commits minor thefts, and has the bad habit of making vulgar remarks when her prim and proper aunties are around. She is also having a difficult time adjusting to her surroundings, wishing she were blonde and carefree like her 14-year-old neighbor, Anita. Meena idolizes Anita for her looks and free spirit, and in many ways wants to be very much like her. Meena is even allowed to tag along with Anita's gang of older girls, although she is still something of an outsider. She just wanted to belong somewhere. However, Anita and her friends want to do things
internal “thing” he claims to “translate” is itself only a readymade dictionary whose words can be explained (defined) only by other words, and so on ad infinitum: an ex- perience which occurred in an exemplary fashion to the young De Quincey, so gifted in Greek that in order to translate into that dead language certain absolutely modern ideas and images, Baudelaire tells us, “he created for it a standing dictionary much more complex and extensive than the one which results from the vulgar patience of purely literary themes” (Paradis Artificiels). succeeding the Author, the writer no lon- ger contains within himself passions, humors, sentiments, impressions, but that enor- mous dictionary, from which he derives a writing which can know no end or halt: life can only imitate the book, and the book itself is only a tissue of signs, a lost, infinitely remote imitation. —
Besides "lass / lassie" and "chick / baby" imply approval (positive attitude) and are more expressive than just "girl". INHERENT CONNOTATION (IC) 1. IC may be secured by the very object, quality or notion that word denotes. We mean that people appreciate some certain notions, either positive or negative (e.g. Positively charged words: noble, manly, virtue, beauty, love, etc. Negatively charged words: nasty, vulgar, greedy, sin, death, fool, etc.). This connotation is called referential, it depends on the referent (mean the thing the word stands for). 2. IC may depend on the structure of the word. Such words normally have a transparent structure and more often negative affixes are used (e.g. unkind, impolite, injustice, heartless, etc.). This kind of connotation is purely linguistic. 3
Connotation is ever present when the word is used. Adherent connotation is the shade of meaning the word requires in a particular context only. Outside this context this shade of meaning is not present. INHERENT CONNOTATION (IC) 1. IC may be secured by the very object, quality or notion that word denotes. Positively charged words are: noble, manly, virtue, beauty, love, etc. Negatively charged words: nasty, vulgar, greedy, sin, death, fool, etc.). This connotation is called referential; it depends on the referent (mean the thing the word stands for). 2. IC may depend on the structure of the word. Such words normally have a transparent structure and more often negative affixes are used (e.g. unkind, impolite, injustice, heartless, etc.). This kind of connotation is purely linguistic. 3
The origins of American literature The first Americans were explorers and settlers, adventurers and idealists who crossed the ocean in search of new opportunities or to escape the poverty and intolerance. Their writings were matter-of-fact accounts of life in America, which explained colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John ...
70. Essex man/ woman- Essex Man first appeared in a Sunday Telegraph column by Simon Heffer and became a shorthand for a well-off workwelcome to essexing class man who has moved out of London and likes to show off his newly found wealth. The stereotype was a political one as traditionally working class people were supposed to vote for the Labour Party, but Essex Man voted Conservative.Essex Man had a partner - Essex Girl - who was seen as loud, vulgar, scantily-dressed, of low intelligence and sexually promiscuous. 71. Chav/ Chavette- Another, more recent stereotype is that of the Chav. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word was first used in a Usenet forum in 1998 and made its first appearance in conventional media in 2002. By 2004, the word was in common usage. The origin of the word is unknown, but it is most often thought to have originated in the Romany word chavi, meaning child
He reduced his compositions to their bare essence. Subsidiary artists: Paul Cadmus, Jared French, George Tooker, Ivan Albright. Post-1960 General Trends. Critics searched something to re-establish a connection with the past. The borders between painting and sculpture became blurred. Concept art stressed the idea of the artist over material execution to transform art from physical objects to mental images. Pop Art. Pop Art emerged as an original and irreverent parody of the vulgar imagery and artifacts of the commercial culture. It grew from Action Painting towards objectivity. Use of repetition and the elimination of dramatic climax were favored by the composer John Cage. Rauschenberg and Johns introduced "popular" materials into their art by depicting them or actually incorporating real objects. Pop Art debuted in 1962. The works spanned painting, sculpture and objects of daily use. "Happenings" (improvised semi-dramatic visual spectacles with audience participation)
He reduced his compositions to their bare essence. Subsidiary artists: Paul Cadmus, Jared French, George Tooker, Ivan Albright. Post-1960 General Trends. Critics searched something to re-establish a connection with the past. The borders between painting and sculpture became blurred. Concept art stressed the idea of the artist over material execution to transform art from physical objects to mental images. Pop Art. Pop Art emerged as an original and irreverent parody of the vulgar imagery and artifacts of the commercial culture. It grew from Action Painting towards objectivity. Use of repetition and the elimination of dramatic climax were favored by the composer John Cage. Rauschenberg and Johns introduced "popular" materials into their art by depicting them or actually incorporating real objects. Pop Art debuted in 1962. The works spanned painting, sculpture and objects of daily use. "Happenings" (improvised semi-dramatic visual spectacles with audience participation)
All Quiet on the Western Front Erich Maria Remarque Character List Paul Bäumer - A young German soldier fighting in the trenches during World War I. Paul is the protagonist and narrator of the novel. He is, at heart, a kind, compas-sionate, and sensitive young man, but the brutal expe-rience of warfare teaches him to detach himself from his feelings. His account of the war is a bitter invective against sentimental, romantic ideals of warfare. Read an in-depth analysis of Paul Bäumer. Stanislaus Katczinsky - A soldier belonging to Paul's company and Paul's best friend in the army. Kat, as he is known, is forty years old at the beginning of the novel and has a family at home. He is a resourceful, inventive man and always finds food, clothing, and blankets whenever he and his friends need them. Albert Kropp - One of Paul's classmates who serves with Paul in the Second Company. An intelligent, speculative young man, Kropp is one of Paul...
Huumor on parim meelelahutus. Meelelahutust Iga nali kulub, kui seda liiga palju korrata. auditoorium „ostab”. Huumor aitab leevendada võimalikke pingeid, mis On oht olla labane: Claud Hopkins: „Don’t sacrifice võivad mõne kauba tarbimisega või kommu- dignity to misapply humor in copy. Coarse jokes and nikatsiooniga kaasneda. ribald jests and vulgar slang in advertisements are not likely to cause buyers to open their purses.” Huumor levib – seda räägitakse edasi. Mendelsohn (1962): kui reklaamis on naerualuseks või auditooriumi lõbusust esilekutsuvaks subjektiks Huumor süvendab kuuluvustunnet, eraldab „omad reklaami peategelane, saab esile kutsutud pigem võõrastest”
vitailes>ingl. victuals (sest lad. k Eesti aesti rahvanimena (Tacitus victualia) Germania 98 pKr) Aestland, Estland (saksa k V laenukiht alates 14. sajand, vahendusel alates 16. saj) omakeelse Eestimaa, eestlased (J. V. Jansen 19. tõlkekultuuri areng. saj keskpaik) 1. abstraktsõnavara: Ambla demonstration, formal, lad. amplus, ampla, amplum (`avar, vulgar, evident; oriental, fortunate suur') 2. Verbilaenud: a) oleviku tüvest Kristianiseerimine: Maria Ampla addere>add; (Suure-Maarja) dividere>divide, dissolvere>dissolve, versus Maria Minor (Väike-Maarja). b) mineviku kesksõna /nud- tud-/vormist I laenukiht: otsekokkupuuted corruptus>corrupt; distraho,
rather cast my vote for public schools and the Republicans' "strong family values" over a private school upbringing that had joyless family life. Yes, the best is to have your cake and eat it, too. But although wealth just won't go around, love, sharing, reading, good manners -- are within the reach of all of us. Can't win 'em all, or predict. Some kids rebel no matter what. If we try our best to raise virtuous, well behaved, thoughtful offspring, and they nonetheless become sociopaths, vulgar ingrates -- then it is sad, but not something we could foresee or help. Sometimes peer pressure, or odd brain chemistry, or some trauma, warps our kids beyond reach. It's just tragic. But likewise, sometimes out of the ashes of broken families, and from squalid conditions, angelic children grow up. Against all odds, some kids grow to be excellent adults, in ways that amaze us. I once asked a woman who's raised about a dozen kids if she had happy returns with all.
To give these mourning duties to your father: But, you must know, your father lost a father; That father lost, lost his, and the survivor bound In filial obligation for some term To do obsequious sorrow: but to persever In obstinate condolement is a course Of impious stubbornness; 'tis unmanly grief; It shows a will most incorrect to heaven, A heart unfortified, a mind impatient, An understanding simple and unschool'd: For what we know must be and is as common As any the most vulgar thing to sense, Why should we in our peevish opposition Take it to heart? Fie! 'tis a fault to heaven, A fault against the dead, a fault to nature, To reason most absurd: whose common theme Is death of fathers, and who still hath cried, From the first corse till he that died to-day, 'This must be so.' We pray you, throw to earth This unprevailing woe, and think of us As of a father: for let the world take note, You are the most immediate to our throne; And with no less nobility of love
These styles are typically identified in the following ways: Nonstandard - Words that do not belong to any standard educated speech Informal - Words that are often used in conversation and seldom in formal writing Slang - Usually a highly informal word that is often figurative in use . Its meaning is usually short lived Vulgar - A word that is taboo or not socially acceptable in most circumstances Obsolete - A word that is no longer in common usage Archaic - A word that was in common usage, but is now rarely used Rare - Words that have never been common in the language British - Words that are in common usage in British English Regional - Words that are used in a limited geographical area
tööks 20.sajandil sotsioloogias. · Võtmesõnad Bourdieu's sotsioloogilises mõttes olid sotsiaalne väli, kapital ja habitus. · http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/bourd.htm Lõik Bourdieu' tuntuimast teosest · "Taste classifies, and it classifies the classifier. Social subjects, classified by their classifications, distinguish themselves by the distinctions they make, between the beautiful and the ugly, the distinguished and the vulgar, in which their position in the objective classifications is expressed or betrayed." Pierre Bourdieu Pierre Bourdieu sündis külas nimega Denguin, edela Prantsusmaal. Tema isa oli kohalik postkontori ülem. Koolis oli Bourdieu silmapaistev õpilane, kuid samal ajal ka suurepärane ragbimängija. Peagi kolis noormees Pariisi, kus ta õppis ülikoolis koos filosoof - Jacques Derrida'ga. Bourdieu huvitus Merleau-Ponty'st, Husserl'i ja Marxi töödest. Bourdieu kaitses oma lõputöö 1953
" "That is capital," added her sister, and they both laughed heartily. "If they had uncles enough to fill all Cheapside," cried Bingley, "it would not make them one jot less agreeable." "But it must very materially lessen their chance of marrying men of any consideration in the world," replied Darcy. To this speech Bingley made no answer; but his sisters gave it their hearty assent, and indulged their mirth for some time at the expense of their dear friend's vulgar relations. With a renewal of tenderness, however, they returned to her room on leaving the dining- parlour, and sat with her till summoned to coffee. She was still very poorly, and Elizabeth would not quit her at all, till late in the evening, when she had the comfort of seeing her sleep, and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go downstairs herself. On entering the drawing-room she found the whole party at loo, and was
The qualities of the work are in the use of an archaic national idiom and the originality of harmony and timbres. Aav had no inclination to delve into the philosophy of music. In his music his heroes are men of action and he is there with them. His only symphony is among the notable ones composed in the Thirties, and its influence on the development of Estonian symphonism was immense. The epitaph: “It is a pity he died young” is usually used as a vulgar euphemism, here it is written with sincere regret. According to the musicologist Ofelia Tuisk: There has been no other Estonian symphonist in whose music the spontaneous, lush temperament, sincerity to the point of vulgarity, unforced free train of thought and exceptional instinct for inflection are joined. Sincerity and easy in use of melody are the charming features of his music. The Symphony is multicoloured in its sound quality. The composer has
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