Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more.
*After World War II = In the post World War II years, all three Baltic nations maintained consulates in the United States · About 15,000 Estonians came to the United States · This group was strongly anti-Communist and nationalistic 3. Russian colonization of America. What has preserved from this period to the present? The Russian colonization of the Americas covers the period, from 1732 to 1867, when the Tsarist Imperial Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast territories in the Americas. The Russians were primarily interested in the abundance of fur-bearing mammals on Alaska's coast, as stocks had been depleted by overhunting in Siberia. By the middle of the 19th century, profits from Russia's American colonies were in steep decline. Faced with the reality of periodic Indian revolts, the political ramifications of the Crimean War, and unable to fully colonize the Americas to their satisfaction, the
I think that Barack Obama is the most hated president in the United States history because of his racial. Barack Hussein Obama Barack Hussein (born on August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election. Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
and the other is The Appalachian Mountains. The Capital of The USA is Washington D.C. Other big and famous cities are New York, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago and Las Vegas. The national anthem of the United States is "The Star-Spangled Banner", with lyrics written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key. There are 6 time zones. From east to west they are: Eastern Standard Time, which is 5 hours behind Greenwich Time, Central Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, which is 7 hours behind Greenwich Time, Pacific Standard Time. Alaska and Hawaii have their own time zones: Alaska Standard Time and Hawaii Standard Time. Geographical Position The USA lies in the Northern Hemisphere in North America. It covers a big part of the continent and is also the third largest country in the world. The country consists of 50 states, but two of them lie separately. One of them is Alaska, which is near the Arctic Circle. And the other state is Hawaii, which is a group of island is the Pacific Ocean
In 1925 Klu Klux Klan, who had killed mostly blacks, but also Catholics, Jews an everybody not born in America, had over 4 million members. The Twnties were also a period of sexual reolution, when the existence of an instinctive "sex drive" in young people, mostly women gained social acceptance. Radio and magazines began to present standardized behaviour models. That was the beginning of porn (don't read it teacher!). WORLD WAR TWO Relations with Japan worsed and while negotiations were underway between the two countries the Japanese attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbour in 1941. congress responded by immediately declaring war on Japan. The Germans surrended in 1945. But the Japanese refused to surrender, although their position was hopeless, and Americans drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. That leaded emperor HiroHito to a formal surrender in September 1945
No college for woman and African-Americans · Southern Colonies Maryland- religious freedom North and South Carolina- arguments between the two groups Georgia- last of the 13 colonies, Place to get rid of the people in England the King did not like/want, prisoners · Life in southern colonies- Large plantations- tobacco, rice, cotton Cheap labour Slaves Primary seaports in Charleston and South Carolina · Westward expansion 1803 President Thomas Jefferson sent a secret message to Congress calling for a expedition in the west. (Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean) France owned the territory Bought for 15,000,000 Dollars ´´Free Land´´ to attract people there Gangs robbed travellers. Mexiacan origin California Gold Rush of 1849 (80,000) · Manifest Destiny is a term that was used in the 19th century to designate the belief that the United States was destined, even divinely ordained, to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic
Currency: United States dollar ($) Motto: In God We Trust Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" Flag Names: The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner Seal: Great Seal of the United States Flag Seal Geography America consists of 50 states. 48 of them are on North American continent and 2 of them (Alaska and Hawaii) are separated. Alaska is separated by Canada and Hawaii lies in the Pacific Ocean. America shares borders with Canada, Mexico and Russia. According to different sources American landmass is from 9,522,055 km2 to 9,826,630 km2 which makes it the third or fourth largest country in the world. America is surrounded by three oceans Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. It's also bounded with Gulf of Mexico and Bering Strait. The highest point in America is Mount McKinley (6,194 m) in Alaska. The lowest point is Death Valley which lies 86 metres below sea level.
Barack Hussein Obama Essay Name Form 9 Basic School 2009 Barack's childhood and parents. Barack Hussein Obama was born August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii. His father, Sr. Barack Obama, was born in Kenya. He grew up herding goats with his own father, who was a domestic servant to the British. Obama's mother, Ann Dunham, grew up in Wichita, Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs during the Depression. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, he signed up for service in World War II and marched across Europe in Patton's army. Dunham's mother went to work on a bomber assembly line. After the war, they bought a house through the Federal Housing Program, and moved to Hawaii. Meantime, Barack's father had won a scholarship that allowed him to leave Kenya pursue his dreams in Hawaii. At the time of his birth, Obama's parents were students at the EastWest Center of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
language. English is the most common language for daily interaction among both native and non-native speakers. Spanish is the second language. The largest city is the New York City. The Government is Federal constitutional republic and the president is George W. Bush. 2. Geographical position The United States of America is located on the continent of North America. It has borders with two countries Mexico and Canada. There are also the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico surrounding the big country. There are 50 states in America. Most of the people live in towns. The biggest state is Alaska; next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the USA that lie in the north- east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the USA. 3. Relief
Within the U.S. it is frequently displayed, not only on public buildings, but on private residences. It is also used as a motif on decals for car windows, and clothing ornaments such as badges and lapel pins. Throughout the world it is used in public discourse to refer to the U.S., not only as a nation, state, government, and set of policies, but also as an ideology and set of ideals. The Statue of Liberty is a huge sculpture that is located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. This monument was a gift to the USA from the people of France in recognition of the French-American alliance during the American Revolution. The formal name of the statue is "Liberty Enlightening the World." It pictures a woman who has escaping the chains of tyranny. Liberty's right hand holds a torch that is a symbol of liberty. Liberty was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The hollow copper statue was built in France - it was finished in July, 1884
There are a hundred people in the Senate (two from each state) and 435 people in the House of Representatives. At the head of the Judicial branch is the Supreme Court, which has nine judges. The leading parties in America are the Democrats and the Republicans but there are also other parties. Location The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and in the south its coast is washed by the Gulf of Mexico. The coastline is even. There are no big islands belonging to the U.S. except the Hawaiian Islands which lie halfway the continents of America and Asia. The biggest peninsulas are the Florida Peninsula and Alaska. The United States of America has got three neighbours Mexico in the south, Canada in the north and the world's biggest country Russia just across the Bering Strait
These categories are further divided into different types. For example, Germany's bombing of London and the U.S. atomic destruction of Hiroshima during World War II are called state terrorism. Nowadays, cyberterrorism becomes more and more common and in consideration the importance of IT today (for example if we watch how important have IT became in Estonia), it's dangerous for all of us. Since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in U.S., there have been so called War on Terror. The War on Terror is an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other NATO and non-NATO countries. The campaign was started in 2001 with the US/UK invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attack. Since then, other operations have got started, the largest being the War in Iraq, beginning with a 2003 invasion. Originally, it
gone eras, but which have been stolen from us, and the ones who stole them have gone on to become very rich. This is nothing but an excuse for our failures. In 1987, David Sun and John Tu, both immigrants, started their Kingston Technology Company in Fountain Valley, California with hardly much financing 3 other than their savings. Nine years later they sold 80 percent of the company to the Softbank Corporation of Japan for $1.5 billion. The company is still going strong, and they still control 20%, after pocketing $1.5 billion. In 1997, former US President George W. Bush was asked to speak to a group of officials of Global Crossing Ltd., a telecommunications company, at a fee of $80,000. Since the company was supposedly short on cash, he was asked if he would prefer to take his fee instead in stocks of the company. In early February, 1999 the $80,000 stock had skyrocketed to over $14million. Who says some
The Fall of the Empire The fall of the British Empire was caused by World War II for two reasons. Firstly, many nations felt that their sacrifice should be rewarded with independence, for example India. Also, the losses to the Japanese destroyed the myth of the European omnipotence. Secondly, heavily in debt to the United States, the United Kingdom was financially exhausted. This left it almost impossible to defend its wider colonies by force. So the vast markets were opened to American companies and to weaken the UK in general. No empire has been larger or more diverse than the British Empire. At its apogee in the 1930s, 42 million Britons governed 500 million foreign subjects. Britannia ruled the waves,
War II, when they continued to live in London (while it was being bombed) and accepted the same food restrictions as ordinary people. George VI brought the Crown and people closer together. World War II (1939-1945) involved almost every major in the world. The war was fought by the Allies on one side (Including the UK, France, Poland and after 1941 the us and Soviet Union) and the Axis (including Germany, Japan and Italy) on the other. About 55 million people were killed around the world until Japan surrendered in 1945 after the US had dropped nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities, ending the war. The war years were hard for Britain and its people: many building were destroyed; a system called "rationing" was introduced by the government, restricting the amount of food, petrol and clothes that people could have. During the summer and autumn of 1940, British
landings of 1944, achieved with its ally the US After the war • The UK became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council • However, the war left the UK severely weakened and depending financially on the Marshall Plan • Despite rising living standards in the late 1950s and 1960s, the UK's economic performance was not as successful as many of its competitors, such as West Germany and Japan • In 1973 UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) • When the EEC became the European Union (EU) in 1992, the UK was one of the 12 founding members Politics • The United Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy • Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the UK as well as monarch of fifteen other independent Commonwealth countries • The monarch has “the right to be consulted, the right to
Miina Härma Gymnasium The Relations Between the USA and Iraq Student: Hendrik Rummel 10.b Teacher: Tiia Timma Tartu 2010 The Table of Contents 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................2 2. History 2.1. Pre-1980s.............................................................................................................3 2.2. 1980s...................................................................................................................3 2.3. 1990s...................................................................................................................4 2.4. 2000s...................................................................................................................4
Theodore Roosevelt Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 January 6, 1919;) was the 26th President of the United States. He is well remembered for his energetic personality, range of interests and achievements, leadership of the Progressive Movement, model of masculinity, and his "cowboy" image. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President (19011909) he held offices at the municipal, state, and federal level of government. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Born to a wealthy family, Roosevelt was an unhealthy child suffering from asthma who stayed at home studying natural history. In response to his physical weakness, he embraced a strenuous life. He attended Harvard, where he boxed and developed an interest in naval affairs. A year out of Harvard, in 1881 he ran for
The Mississippi is the major river of North America and the United States. It flows from north-western Minnesota south to the Gulf of Mexico.The western tributaries are the Red River, the Arkansas and the Missouri. The eastern tributaries are the Tennessee and the Ohio. Its name means the Father of Waters in the red Indian. Together with its tributaries it forms 20,000 km of navigable waterways. Other important rivers are the Colorado and the Columbia that flow into the Pacific Ocean, and the Rio Grande. The rivers of the Pacific basin are rapid. There are many hydro-electric power-stations on them.Over 800 rivers cross the continental (48) states. Most are small branches and/or tributaries of larger rivers.The great lakes between the USA and Canada are joined together by rivers and canals. The lakes are connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the St. Lawrence River and to the Hudson River by a canal. Between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie is Niagara Falls (51 m)
First World War. After the war women got the right to vote for the first time. In 1929 the Great Depression began with the stock market crash. Banks, factories and farms shut down and many Americans were unemployed. Franklin D. Roosevelt, who won the presidential election in 1932, promised a New Deal. Over the next two years, millions of unemployed were given jobs and numerous measures were also taken to help the farmers. In 1941 the United States entered the Second World War when Japan attacked the Hawaiian Islands. The war ended in 1945 when the USA dropped the atomic bombs on two Japanese cities and made Japan to surrender. Today about 30 million of 260 million Americans are black. When they were freed after the Civil War, the Southerners were angry at them and showed a lot of prejudice. Until in 1870 the blacks didn't have civil rights or the right to vote. In the 20th century many blacks travelled to the North but even there they were treated differently
The 50 small, white stars represent the 50 U.S. states. The U.S. flag is commonly called ,,the Stars and Stripes". The Statue of Liberty, that is locatd in New York,is a gift from the France. The Libety Bell, that is a bronze bell that symbolizes freedom in the United States of America. It is located in Pennsylvania,U.S. Capital: Washington D.C Biggest city: New York National language: English Location U.S is located in North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. United States neighbour countries are Canada and Mexico. The USA has the 8th longest coastline in the world at ~20 000 km. 62% of the perimeter of the USA is coastline. The USA's coastline is made up of beaches, cliffs, mangroves, and urban and developed areas, which make America very versatile country. Political division United States of America distributes into 50 states. The government power is limited by a dual
Topic The United States of America The U.S.A. is situated in the central part of the North American continent. The area of the U.S.A. is over nine million square kilometres. Its western coast is washed by Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast by the Atlantic ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The continental United States is bounded to the North by Canada and to the South by Mexico. There are two mountain ranges in the continental United States: the Appalachians in the east and the Rockies in the west. In the very middle of the continent is the Mississippi river. The five Great lakes, between the U.S.A. and Canada, are joined together by short rivers or canals
Correct · I am not studying to become a dentist. · She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct · I am reading the book Tom Sawyer. Simple Past [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs Examples: Examples: · I lived in Brazil for two years. · You called Debbie. · Shauna studied Japanese for five years. · Did you call Debbie? · They sat at the beach all day. · You did not call Debbie. · They did not stay at the party the entire time. USE 1 Completed Action in the Past · We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. · A: How long did you wait for them?
Austria and was held as a hostage for a year Troubadour Minstrel Blondel singing Richard´s songs, locvated his whereabout and Richard was released for ransoms After, Richard recaptured everything he had lost John Lackland and Magna Carta 1215 The King of England, an archetype of a bad king Arthur of Brittany had a better claim to throne, after Richard I died, but he was murdered at John´s instignation. This served a pretext for France to attack Normandy He was quarelling about the church over who should be the next arcbishop of Canterbury, clash with Innocent III, later made peace with church 1215 rebels forced John to accept the terms of Magna Carta, list of grievances. It required king to proclaim curtain rights, respect legal procedures, accept that his will could be bound by the law. Henry III and Westminster Abbey The kign of England, his father died when he was 9,
coastal states don't necessarily have a say. E.g. Panama channel, Suess channel, Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, straits between Sweden and Denmark, Danube river, river Nile Lecture 4 Antarctica Antarctica's unique regime was established by the Antarctic Treaty (Washington, 1 December 1959). Originally signed by 12 countries which were not far from Antarctica or had some explorations there (UK, Japan, South-Africa etc). Initially concluded for 30 years, then prolonged. Some scholars consider the treaty's principles as norms of customary international law. The unique feature of Antarctic is that it comprises of all territories that go under the south latitude 60 (includes all ice shelves, doesn't prohibit using rights under IL concerning high seas). So Antarctic was an international territory. So it is a common heritage of mankind.
The United States of America Geography The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean, and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the South. The U.S.A. consists of 51 states and the District of Columbia. The state of Alaska is separated from the rest of the U.S.A. by Canada. Hawaii, which became the fiftieth state in 1959, is in the Pacific Ocean, halfway between the continents of America and Asia. The area of the United States of America is over nine million square kilometres. The continental part of the U.S.A. consists of two highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Cordilleras in the west. The Appalachian Mountains run parallel to the Atlantic coast almost from the Gulf of Mexico into Canada
The border with Canada is often called ,,the longest unguarded border in the world". The United States and Canada are good friends and they have very few problems in managing the border. The borded with Mexico is different. Immigrants are constantly crossing the border illegally. Every day about 2,000 of them are captured and sent back, but may others get through. There are also two states that are not connected to the continental United States. They are Alaska and Hawaii. There are two mountain ranges in the continental Unitet States: the Appalachians in the east and the Rockies in the west. In the very middle of the continent is the Mississippi River. Almost all the rivers between the mountains flow into the Mississippi. Along the border with Canada, there are five big lakes, called ,,the Geat Lakes". Climate Pacific Ocean moderates west coast temperatures. Mild summers, cool winters, much rain on northwest coast
The burial site in Sutton Hoo was discovered near his royal court in Suffolk. Only the impression of the wooden vessel remained, but the treasure buried with the king contains a splendid amount of imported silver, jewellery and coins from France. *Alfred the Great and the rise of Wessex to cultural pre-eminence He is said to be one of the best kings ever to rule mankind. He was the king of Wessex. He defended Anglo-Saxon England from the Danes, formulated a code of laws and improved military skill. He limited the practice of blood feuds and took steps to protect the weak. He also promoted learning and literacy, inviting scholars from neighboring nations and Europe to his court during the lulls in fighting. Alfred was not only a great military leader but a ruler with foresight. Thanks to his actions, Wessex became a cultural pre-eminence. King Alfred encouraged his subjects to
Front: to discuss a generation of men who, though they survived the war physically, were destroyed by it mentally. Chapter One opens with Paul Bäumer, the narrator, and the other members of the Second Company, a unit of German soldiers fighting during World War I, resting after being relieved from the front lines. They have spent the last two weeks at the front in constant battle. Out of a company originally comprised of 150 men, only eighty returned after a heavy attack on the last day. Paul describes his fellow soldiers: he, Leer, Müller, and Kropp are all nineteen years old. They are from the same class in school, and each enlisted in the army voluntarily. Tjaden, a locksmith, is a voracious eater but remains thin as a rail, making Paul wonder where all the food goes to on his skinny frame. Haie Westhus, also nineteen, is a peat-digger with a body as large and powerful as Tjaden's is thin. Detering is a peasant with a wife at home. Katczinsky,
KOKKUVÕTE John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. After Kennedy's militare service as commander of the Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 during World War II in the South Pacific, his aspirations turned political. With the encouragement and grooming of his father, Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., Kennedy represented Massachusetts's 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat, and served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated then Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election, one of the closest in American history. He was the second-youngest President (after Theodore Roosevelt), the first President born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age o
Japanese festivals are traditional festive occasions. Some festivals have their roots in Chinese festivals but have undergone dramatic changes as they mixed with local customs. Some are so different that they do not even remotely resemble the original festival despite sharing the same name and date. There are also various local festivals (e.g. Tobata Gion) that are mostly unknown outside a given prefecture. It is commonly said that you will always find a festival somewhere in Japan. Matsuri is the Japanese word for a festival or holiday. In Japan, festivals are usually sponsored by a local shrine or temple, though they can be secular. There is no specific matsuri days for all of Japan; dates vary from area to area, and even within a specific area, but festival days do tend to cluster around traditional holidays such as Setsubun or Obon. Almost every locale has at least one matsuri in late summer/early autumn, usually related to the rice harvest.
However they are rewarded. They get to live on as a regular member of society rather than be imprisoned or even worse, put to death. These are examples of characters who have commited crimes without confessing. Arthur Dimmesdale is a minister, a father, a sinner and a man who feels incredible guilt. He commits adultery with Hester before the book begins. As the book begins it is revealed he is the true father of Hester's child Pearl. Dimmesdale, afraid of losing his status and being humiliated , does not confess his crime. For this this he is rewarded and greatly punished. He is rewarded by keeping his status in the community. He continues to preach to his flock, for which he gains great acclaim. He is able to see Hester and Pearl whenever he wants. He is also free to leave anytime he wants. He has his freedom and his reputation. However, he also has something he doesn't want, his conscience
For his part, Kipling had been increasingly thinking about the future. He sold the rights to his six volumes of stories for £200 and a small royalty, and the Plain Tales for £50; in addition, from The Pioneer, he received six-months' salary in lieu of notice. He decided to use this money to make his way to London, the centre of the literary universe in the British Empire. On 9 March 1889, Kipling left India, travelling first to San Francisco via Rangoon, Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. He then travelled through the United States writing articles for The Pioneer that too were collected in From Sea to Sea and Other Sketches, Letters of Travel. Starting his American travels in San Francisco, Kipling journeyed north to Portland, Oregon; on to Seattle, Washington; up into Canada, to Victoria and Vancouver, British Columbia; back into the U.S. to Yellowstone National Park; down to Salt Lake City; then east to Omaha, Nebraska and on to Chicago,
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