Verb + -ing or to Verb + -ing Verb + -ing and to Verb + to 1) Stop, postpone, admit, avoid, CHANGE IN THE MEANING: 1) Offer, decide, hope, deserve, imagine, finish, consider, deny, risk, 1) Remember Example: 1. I promise, agree, plan, manage, afford, fancy. Example: Suddenly know I locked the door. I clearly threaten, refuse, arrange, fail, forget, everybody stopped talking. remember locking it. 2. Please learn
· Please remember to post the letter. 5)Kahetsen millegi tegemist(tegin juba) · I now regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. Kahetsusega teatama(olevikus) I regret to say / to tell you / to inform you 6)Jätkama sama tegevust, mida juba teen · The minister went on talking for two hours. 7)Minema midagi tegema (midagi uut) · After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. !!!! NII ING KUI KA TO KASTUTATAKSE SÕNADEGA: Begin/ start/ intend/ continue/ bother · It has started raining, or It has started to rain. · John intends buying a house, or John intends to buy... · Don't bother locking the door, or Don't bother to lock... But normally we do not use ing after-ing: · It's starting to rain. (Not it's starting raining)
Lemonade limonaad ginger beer alkoholivaba õlu coke koka salt - sool diet-toitumine, toit chew-närima beetroot-punapeet vegetable swallow-neelama spaghetti macaroni dish-toit, roog; corn flakes porridge-puder flour-jahu trout-forell salmon-lõhe herring-heeringas pork-sealiha minced meat-hakkliha beef-veiseliha bacon-peekon veal-vasikaliha jelly-tarretis indigestion-seedehäire oven-ahi chest-kummut drinkable-joodav edible-söödav tasty-maitsev appetizing-isuäratav lard-pekk buttermilk-hapupiim, kefir portion-osa helping-portsion spread-võileivakate mashed-püreestatud a loaf of bread-leivapäts mustard-sinep jug-kann gas cooker-gaasipliit recipe-retsept yeast-pärm cinnamon-kaneel greasy-rasvane sourkraut-hapukapapsas braise-hautama lumf of sugar-suhkrutükk spice-vürts vinegar-äädikas fry-praadima bake-küpsetama boil-keetma cook-küpsetama soluble-lahustuv ladle-kulp fork-kahvel sieve-sõel French bean-aeduba dough-tainas clove-nel...
Why travel? Laying by the pool, drinking margaritas and having a good gossip with your friends, while the sun bronzes your skin. What could be better? For some people, this is the main point for travelling, yet others try to experience the culture and visit as many sightseeings as possible. Young people choose their destination to somewhere warm and also by the cost, because what is the point of ,,windbathing" in Europe or somewhere like that. Meeting new people, partying till the dawn and comparing each other tans is really fun and relaxing. I find these vacations very memorable because they are so different from the Estonian summers. But travelling is not only for party people, it is also for those who love to discover the foreign world, take pictures of exciting sightseeings while also enjoying it. People who like this kind of travelling are usually adults and elders who want something ...
Gerunds (to) and infinitives (-ing) 7.1 Verbs followed by the gerund form ing. I considered buying a flat in Monte Carlo, but they were too expensive. Here are some common verbs which are followed by the gerund: Admit, appreciate (hindama), avoid, can´t help, can´t stand, consider, delay (viivitama), deny, detest (jälestama), dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine (ette kujutama), involve (sisaldama), mention (mainima), mind, miss, postpone (edasi lükkama), practise, put off, recall, resent, risk, suggest, understand 7
SUGGEST, stop, tolerant, understand · Dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, prefer · Be busy, it's no use, it's good, it's worth, what's the use of, can't help, there's no point (in), can't stand, have difficulty (in), have trouble, have a hard/difficult time · Spend, waste, lose · Hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel- ainult mingi osa tegevusest · Need, require, want + ing TO · Afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, beg, care, claim, consent, decide, demand, deserve, expect, fail, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, swear, threaten, volunteer, wait, want, wish · Something, somewhere, anyone, nothing... · Too/enough · It + be + adjective/noun · Be + the first/second/next/last/best
Polar bear Ursus maritimus or the "sea bear." Polar bears live near the circumpolar at north in areas where they can hunt seals at open leads. Scientists estimate that there are between 22000 to 27000 polar bears. Its closest relative is the brown bear. Adult male polar bears are 2,5 to 3 meters tall. They weigh 250 to 770 kilograms. Adult female bears are smaller. They are about 1,8 to 2,5 meters tall and weigh 90 to 320 kilograms. Polar bears usually eat seals usually the ringed seasl, but sometimes the bearded seals. When hunting is good, polar bears will typically eat only the fat and leave the rest of the carcass for scavengers including arctic foxes, ravens, and younger bears. Polar bears also sometimes kill and eat both walrus and beluga whales. They have even hunted short-legged reindeer and sometimes even birds and bird eggs. Polar bears are top of the food cha...
Intercultural communication What is business English? Loosely defined, BE refers to the Engl lg used in international trade or business. Loosely defined, BE refers to the Engl lg used in international trade or business. It is a specialized area of the Engl lg learning and teaching largely attributed to non-native English speakers Aim to enhance their chances of doing business with companies from English speaking countries. BE can refer to the study of business Engl voc used in the fields of trade, business, finance, or international relations. If the study focuses on techniques on business presentations, negotiations, correspondence, writing and other skills needed for business communications, then it can be classified as the study of Business English communication skills in the workplace. Both are important and used usually together. Culture. Barriers to Intercultural communication Synergy (from Greek for "working together") means ...
KESTEV OLEVIK Present Continuous Kestev olevik väljendab tegevust mis toimub praegu. ,,be" olevikus + põhitegusõna / I am;he, she, it is;we, you they are / -ing vorm Küsiv vorm moodustatakse sõnajärje muutumise teel ja eitav vorm not lisamisega peale BE vormi: N: Jaatav- He is reading. Küsiv- Is he reading? Eitav- He is not (isn't) reading. Märksõnad: now (paregu) at present (praegu)
Say, hey! Hear the sound of the falling rain Coming down like an Armageddon flame (Hey!) The shame The ones who died without a name Hear the dogs howling out of key To a hymn called "Faith and Misery" (Hey!) And bleed, the company lost the war today I beg to dream and differ from the hollow lies This is the dawning of the rest of our lives On holiday Hear the drum pounding out of time Another protester has crossed the line (Hey!) To find, the money's on the other side Can I get another Amen? (Amen!) There's a flag wrapped around a score of men (Hey!) A gag, a plastic bag on a monument I beg to dream and differ from the hollow lies This is the dawning of the rest of our lives On holiday (Hey!) (Say, hey!) (3,4) "The representative from California has the floor" Sieg Heil to the president Gasman Bombs away is your punishment Pulverize the Eiffel towers Who criticize your government Bang bang goes the broken glass and Kill all the fags...
the last (kõige viimane) near nearer the nearest (kõige lähem) the next (järgmine) much more the most many more the most Omadussõnad lõppudega ing ja ed Omadussõna ed Omadussõna ing Adjective ed Adjective ing -Ed omdussõna näitab, kuidas keegi tunneb -Ing omadussõna kirjeldab eset või olendit. ennast. My life is: boring I am bored with my job.
Gabriel's gift H.Kureishi This book takes place in London and its surroundings. Publiced in 2001 · Gabriel the main character (boy whose twin-brother was dead, Gabriel's ,,gift" was his ability to share with others what he felt and lived through by painting and drawing · Gabriel's mother Christine in the good old days designed trendy clothes for various rock stars. · Gabriel's father Rex - a washed-up rock musician who played in pop icon Lester Jones's band · Gabriel's parents were the parents who began to grow up with him, for Gabriel it was more difficult, because there was no one with whom he could talk about the so-called grownup things · Gabriel's dead twin Archie - (Gabriel had a very strong emotional connection with him) · Hannah - au pair (mom wanted someone to keep an eye on Gabriel an look after the house because she worked most of the day and often ...
"Lolita" on Vladimir Nabokovi kirjutatud romaan aastast 1955. Raamat sai kuulsaks oma vulgaarsuse ja seksuaalse höngu poolest. "Lolita" on jutustus keskealise mehe seksuaalsest kinnisidees noorte tydrukute suhtes. Peategelane Humbert kolib yyrnikuna elama keskealise Charlotte Haze'i majja ja kiindub tema puberteediealisesse tytresse Doloresesse ehk Lolitasse, kes on oma ea kohta ebanormaalselt kyps ja näitab mehe suhtes yles seksuaalset huvi. Mees on valmis köigeks, et olla Lolita lähedal ja see viib isegi abieluni Lolita emaga, keda mees tegelikult ei armasta. Lolita ema surres lähevad nad Lolitaga reislema mööda Ameerikat, kuid peagi selgub, et keegi jälitab neid. Lolitat ja Humbertit ootab ees seiklus mööda Ameerika suviseid teid ja linnasid. ,,lolita" is Valdimir Nabokovi written roman form 1955. This book got faous thank it's unrefined and sexist content. ,,lolita" is a story about middle...
would have +III If he hadn't he would be here Suppose/Supposing you had been missed the now. oleks ta invated, would you have gone. bus,Kui ta poleks praegu siin. bussist maha PREFER +ING/WOULD PREFER jäänud, 1. I prefer + ing to +ing I prefer reading books to watching television 2. I would prefer to + I He prefers palying computer games to doing his homework I would prefer to stay here and read a book
KORDAMISKÜSIMUSED I MAAILMASÕDA; VENE REVOLUTSIOONID; EESTI VABARIIGI SÜND § 40-44 1. MÕISTED ANTANT ING, PR ja VM liit 1907-1917, moodustati vastukaaluks Kolmikliidule/Keskriikidele KESKRIIGID SM, A-U, IT liit 1882-1915. Itaalia väljus liidust 1915, asus sõtta Antandi poolel ,,BALKANI PÜSSIROHUKELDER" - Balkani ps-l põrkusid suurriikide vastandlikud huvid, toimusid sõjad ja järjest tugevamaks muutusid sealsete rahvaste vabaduspüüdlused SCHLIEFFENI PLAAN SM I MS plaan. Oli välja töötatud kindralstaabi ülema von Schlieffeni eestvedamisel. Tuli
Erika nuses 30 kuni Eesti Päeva 40 est aastat. est Tulemuses näidata raamatu pealkiri ja autor 48801180808 Erika ning laenut nn ja vanus Varrak(kindasti est selles ing järjestuses) Arvo Reinvald 48801180808 Erika Varrak est ing Krista Kaer 48801180808 Erika Koostada Eesti Riikli est arendatud rootsi abil filtri Vladimir Beekman nimekiri Lastekirjandus
Neti Habakuk Margit Mölder Forming: infinitive+ ing (I+ing) USING: 1) In some fixed expressions (As well as I+ing.., It is no good I+ing.., It is no use I+ing.., can not bear I+ing.., can not help I+ing.., worth I+ing..) 2) After prepositions (before I+ing.., of I+ing.., for I+ing.., by I+ing.., at I+ing..) 3) After verbs (enjoy, admit, consider, can`t stand/ help/ bear, deny, avoid, mind, suggest, understand) 4) With from and to with some verbs (He prevented her from leaving. Look forward to I+ing.., Get used to I+ing..) Forming: to+ verb I (to+v) USING: 1) After some adjectives (happy to+v.., wrong to+v..) 2) To express purpose (She went to Spain to meet her friend.) 3) After some nouns ( decision to+v.., time to+v.., wish to+v..)
E/Vil04 2. 24.07.10Koostada arendatud 10.08.10 Eduard Vilde filtri abil nimekiri Mahtra sõda laenutajatest2009 (eesnim Ingl/Pra05 laenutanud 09.10.10 eestikeelseid 04.11.10 Terry Pratchett raamatuid, Ajavaras mille originaalkeel 2007 on ing Am/Sto02 väärtused) 19.03.10 01.04.10 Rex Stout Minu mõrv 1997 Am/Sto02 20.11.10 08.12.10 Rex Stout Minu mõrv 1997 Am/Wer01 3. Koostada 27.10.10 uuele 19.11.10 töölehele Patricia Werner liigendtabel:
2007 Mixi Kirjastus est est 4,4E+010 Leida 2007 Mixi Kirjastus est est 4,4E+010 Mirja 2009 Eesti Päevaleht est est 4,4E+010 Leida 2003 Mixi Kirjastus est est 3,4E+010 Hendrik 2007 Mixi Kirjastus est est 3,4E+010 Riho 2001 Elmatar est ing Liina Tordik 4,9E+010 Helen 1997 Elmatar est ing Liina Tordik 3,9E+010 Karl 1997 Elmatar est ing Liina Tordik 3,8E+010 Meelis 2003 Elmatar est ing Tiina Muld 3,8E+010 Meelis 1995 Kuldsulg est ing Tiia Rinne 3,8E+010 Jaan 1997 Elmatar est ing Liina Tordik 4,8E+010 Laine 1995 Kuldsulg est ing Tiia Rinne 3,8E+010 Reijo
Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect Continuous Present Tegusõna algvorm be + -ing have/has + 3.v have/has been + -ing I work. He works. I am working. I have worked. I have been working. Past 2.v was/were + -ing had + 3.v had been + -ing I worked. I was working. I had worked. I had been working. Future will + 1.v will be + -ing will have + 3.v will have been + -ing I will work. I will be working. I will have worked. I will have been working. Future in the Past would + 1.v would be + -ing would have + 3.v would have been + -ing
Present Simple Past Simple Present Continuous Past Continuous Going To Future I pv IIpv I AM I was/where +ing I am + going to + I pv (he,she,it) I pv +S (õpiku taga! ED) He/She/it is + ing He/she/is was +ing He/she/it is+ going to +I pv We /they ARE +ING You/we/they were +ing You/we/they are+ going to +I Eitus: Eitus: Eitus: Eitus: Eitus: Don't +I pv DIDn't +Ipv I AM not + I + ING I was not +ing I am not + going to + I pv He/She/it isn't + ing He/she/it wasn't + ing He/she/it is not+ going to +I p
Simple I work II (-ed) Will + I usually Don’t work Didn’t work Will not work Continuous am/is/are + V-ing Was/were + V-ing Will+be+V-ing Продолжитель. Isn’t working now Wasn’t working Won’t be working Perfect Have/has + III Had + III Will have + III
AVTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE PRESEN PAST FUTURE PRESEN PAST FUTURE T T v do V+ed II am was will be v+ed v+s does did Will+v is v + ed were +ed are am Was/ Will be + am Was/were + is + v + were+v+ing v + ing is being + ed _ ing being+ed are are have Had+v+ed Will+have have HAD BEEN WILL + +v + v+ed has + v+ed HAVE +ed/III been+ed BEEN+v+ed has Have Had been Will+ Has +v+ing have been _ _ _ +been/ + v+ing +v+ing
Olevik: PS He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do PC am/is/are + -ing PP ... + Have/has + III PPC ... + Have/has been + -ing Minevik: PS -ed/III PC Was/were + -ing PP I/she/it/you/they + Had + -ed/III PPC - ... + had + been + -ing PPS - ... + have/has + III Olevik: Present Simple Lihtolevik: Tegijale harjumuspärane, tihti korduv tegevus, loodusseadused, sõiduplaanid, püsiv olukord. Eevery day/month/ year/once twice a week /often/ usually/ always/seldom/never. Tulevikku väljendades pärast: when, after, as soon as, until. Olekut väljendavate tegusõnadega: Like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore; See, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound;
(Lihttulevik: Ma lähen) not+I) country? next week (month, year) ex: He will go to school. [will not=won't / shall not=shan't] 2) Where will they go ex: He will not stay at home. soon? Present Continuous am, is, are } I-ing am, is, are } not + I-ing 1) Are you going to now at the moment (Kestev olevik: Ma lähen school? at present praegu kooli.) ex: We are going to school. ex: We are not going to school. 2) Where are they going? Look! Listen!
Ene! (1918), Käoorvik (1920), Hõbedased kuljused (1920), Talihari (1920), Valit värsid (1924), Ränikivi (1925), Maarjamaa laulud (1927), Puuslikud (1929), Tuulesõel (1931), Päike ja jõgi (1932), Saatana vari (1937), Põhjavalgus (1938), Kaks algust (1940), Tuule- ema (1942). Laske Mul Olla kuri Laske mul olla kurb. Kurbus jumalast on kingitus meile siin. Kurbust kõigile! On südamen õnn ja piin. Laske mul olla kurb. Laske mul olla kurb. Sina, jumala käest, nukker ja vaikne Ing! Võtke kinni kõik käest, tõmmake ümber mo ring. Laske mul olla kurb. Laske mul olla kurb. Sina, ken oled nüüd, sina, ken läksid jo. Vaiki kurbusen nüüd, tund on õnnis ning maa. Laske mul olla kurb. Laske mul olla kurb. Kurbusen jumala hääl kõneleb minule hääd. Vaikne jumala hääl hinge kui helin jääd. Laske mul olla kurb. Laske mul olla kurb. Sina, jumala käest, nukker ja vaikne Ing! Võtke kinni kõik käest, tõmmake ümber mo ring. Laske mul olla kurb.
Simple Continious Perfect to be + ing to have + III pv/ -ed I pv. is/am/are + ing Present -s (3 pööre) have/has + III pv/ -ed -/? Do, Does II pv. / -ed Past was/were + ing had -/? Did + I pv. Future Will + I pv. will be + ing will have
massitootmisele- 3. DATEEERI! EESTI NAISED SAID VALIMISÕIGUSE- 1919 SUUR ÜLEMAAILMNE MAJANDUSKRIIS- 1929-1933 4. MIKS SUURENES DEMOKRAATLIKE IDEEDE POPULAARSUS PÄRAST 1. MS- Sest saadi aru, et monarhia on oma aja ära elanud. 5. KUIDAS MÕJUTAS VALIMISÕIGUSTE LAIENDAMINE VALITSUSTE KOOSSEISU JA INIMESTE MEELSUST?- I MS järgnenul ajal kehtestati paljudes riikides seadused, mis suurendasid tunduvalt kodanike demokraatlikke õigusi. 1918. a ING vastu võetud seadusega suurendati valimisõiguslike kodanike arvu peaaegu kolm korda. Valima lubati kõik mehed alates 21 eluaastast, sõltumata sellest, palju neil vara on. Valimisõiguse said ka naised, kellele seati vanusepiiriks 30. eluaasta(see kaotati 10 a hiljem). Tugevnes suurearvuline tööliskond, kes tänu valimisõiguste laienemisele sai võimaluse mõjutada riigi arengut. Nii tekkisid uued suured valijate rühmad, kelle rahulolematust suutsid
põhivorm + (e)s he, she, it eitavates ja küsilausetes. - do (does) + not + 1.põhivorm ? do (does) + 1.põhivorm Väljendab: Korduvat tegevust, püsivat olukorda, sõiduplaanide jms. Seotud tulevikku Spikkrisõnad: always, sometimes, seldom, often, usually, once a week, twice a day, every day, on Mondays Present Continuous (kestev olevik) Be(am, is, are), kasutatakse jaatavates, + be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing eitavates ja küsilausetes. - be (am, is, are) + not+ 1.põhivorm -ing ? be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing Väljendab: Praegu toimuvat tegevust, praeguse momendi vältel toimuvat tegevust, ettekavatsetud tegevus tulevikus Spikkrisõnad: now, at the moment, at 6'clock, today Present perfect (täisminevik) Have, has kasutatakse kõikides + have, has + 3
HENRIK VISNAPUU (1889-1951) Marindra Soikka 9.A ELULUGU Sündis Viljandimaal sulase pojana. Õppis Reola vallakoolis ja Ropka ministeeriumikoolis. Aastal 1907 läbis ta Narva Gümnaasiumi juures algkooliõpetaja kutseeksami ja hakkas vallakooli õpetajaks. Õppis Taru ülikoolis klassikalist filosoofiat. Töötas vabakirjanikuna Tartus, oli rühmituse Siuru üks asutajaliikmeid, abiellus Hilda Elfriede Franzdorfiga (Ing). 1934. aastal asus Tallinnasse. Töötas dramaturgina, ajalehes Uus Eesti, kultuurinõunikuna ja ajakirja Varamu toimetajana. 1944. aastal põgenes Saksamaale, 1949. aastal emigreerus USA'sse. Aastal 1951 suri New Yorgis. LOOMING Tema luuletusi hakati avaldama ajakirjanduses 1908. aastast. Kasutas loodushäälte jäljendusi ehk onomatopöad (nt ,,tsiotsio, eo-eo! Tillo paoleo!", ,,Hulus peni suu. Huu! Huu!"). Pööras palju tähelepanu häälikute kokkukõlale
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS Lihtolevik Kestev olevik Täisminevik Kestev Lihtminevik Kestev minevik Enneminevik Kestev täisminevik enneminevik I pv Am/is/are, I pv, Has/have, III Has/have, II pv, -ed Was/were, -ing Had, III pv Had, been, -ing -ing pv/-ed been, -ing *Recurring *Action *(Giving new *Actions that *Short action *Longer action *Action that *Showing the actions happening right about) recent are still in that that is happened in cause of
Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing He drinks tea at I have walked She is talking She has been breakfast
v Simple Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day. Past Simple 2.v was/were + 3.v Somebody built this house in 1895. This house was built in 1895. Future Simple will/shall + 1.v will/shall + be + 3.v People will forget this soon. This will be forgotten soon. Present be + -ing be + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody is cleaning the room right now. The room is being cleaned right now. Past was/were + -ing was/were + being + 3.v Progressive Somebody was cleaning the room when I The room was being cleaned when I arrived. arrived Future will/shall + be + ing Kasutatakse Future Simple aega.
something in the present with adverbs such as: always, continually or contantly. Ex. She is continually complaining about everything! John is always asking stupid questions! Form To form a sentence in the Present Continuous, you have to: *know the proper conjugation of the auxiliary verb. Person Singular Plural First I am We are Second You are You are Third He/she/it is They are *add the "ing" suffix to the verb. Ex. Try + ing = trying go + ing = going NB! Take + ing = taking have + ing = having die + ing = dying Exercises John ......................... (read) a book right now. What ....................... (you do) tonight? Silvia ........................... (not listen) to music. Maria ........................ (sit) next to Paul. How many other students ............................. (you study) with? Jack and Peter ............................
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
Present tenses : 1) Present simple regular actions and routines especially with frequency(kordumine ) adverbs(määrsõna) N: Do you go to school by car every day ? I don't often watch TV. 2)Present continuousbe + verb + ing. Actions happening now N; Look! It's snowing. I'm meeting Jane tonight. You're always losing things. 3)keep + ingto describe habitual actions which may be irritating. N: my uncle keeps making silly jokes. Present perfect: 1) Present perfect simple: have/has + past participle. N: I've been here for ten minutes .The phone has rung ten times today. Look at this cheque,'I've won first prize. They have made a new star wars film. I've just got home.
ühines nendega Itaalia. See kolmikliit tekitas teistes rahulolematust. Wilhelm II loobus kergekäeliselt Bismarcki poolt Venemaaga sõlmitud edasikindlustuslepingust, millega Saksa kohustus mitte ründama Pr ja Vene A-U´it. Saksa ei tahtnud pidada lubadust rünnata Pr. See sundis erinevaid riike Vene ja Pr. ühist keelt leidma, 1893. Sõlmisid nad liidulepingu, millega kohustusid üksteisele appi tulema. See oli Saksale vastumeelt, veelgi keerulisemaks läks, siis kui ka Ing. nendega liitus, et luua Saksale vastukaal. 1904. kirjutasid Pr. ja Ing. alla kokkuleppe Antant. Briti valitsus kohustus abistama Pr. Kohe hakati planeerima ühist sõjategevust Saksa vastu. 1907. kirjutasid Ing. ja Vene alla lepingule , mis viis suurriikide blokkide moodustamise lõpule. Itaalia hakkas Kolmikliidust kaugenema. Blokkide loomine oli üheks eelduseks I maailmasõja puhkemiseks. Sõjatehnika areng ja võidurelvastumine. Raudteede
· Conditional sentence · Expecting · Action what definitely happen · Polite (asking) · Waiting progress Future Continuous Will + BE +ing · Describe activity what will cover all future activity · Relevant plans · Perfect time · Something happens in Future Perfect Will + HAVE + II some point
aastal on 13 vabariiki ja 13 monarhiat. Peale Nõukogude Venemaa pole üheski riigis 1919.aastal diktatuuri. Diktatuurid kehtestatakse mitmetes riikides peale 1923.aasta majanduskriisi. I SISEPOLIITIKA JA MAJANDUS 1) riikides kehtisid demokraatlikud konstitutsioonid e põhiseadused, mis sätestasid kodanikuõigused ja -vabadused 2) Riigikorralduselt olid: · USA presidentaalne vabariik - president oli nii riigipea kui ka valitsusjuht · Ing parlamentaarne monarhia · Pr parlamentaarne vabariik 3) Riigipead ja valitsusjuhid: riigipea valitsusjuht USA president president W.Wilson (1913-1921) F.D. Roosvelt (1933-1945) Suurbritannia monarh / kuningas peaminister George V (1910-1936) Edward VIII (1936) George VI (1936-1952) Prantsusmaa president peaminister
Julius Kuperjanov-tartu linna vabastamine Jaan Poska-kirjutas alla tartu rahule(delegratsiooni juht) Adolf Joffe-Nõukogude venemaa deglaratsiooni juht Schlieffeni plaan sakslaste plaan mille korralduseks oli 6 nädalaga Pariisi vallutamine, Seejärel vägede koondamineVenemaa vastu, Sõja võit 3-4 kuuga Plaan XVII-Elsass-Lotringi hõivamine Positsioonisõda: *Kaevikud läänerindel *Inimressurss *Logistika *Läbimurdekatsed *2-3 kaevikuliini Totaalne allveesõda-(Veebruar 1915)Ing vs saks. Inglased võitsid ning tagasid selle et sakslased ei saaks oma laevu sadamast välja lasta ning panid sadama läheduse meremiine täis kadunud põlvkond: *Sõja julmus ja mõttetus *Sõjarusutus *Vastumeelsus riigi valitsejate suhtes *Endasse sulgumine Rahvakomissaride nõukogu- oli NSV Liidu kõrgeimvalitsusorgan 6. juulist 1923 15. märtsini 1946 Bresti rahu- Saksamaa ja Venemaa vaheline leping
future, when a decision or a promise is made at the moment. 4. Present Progressive Kestev olevik Am, is, are + I ajavorm + -ing Am, is, isn't, are, aren't An ongoing activity, a Now, at present, at the temporary condition, an moment, nowadays, these days. arranged action in the near Look! Listen!
(Sophia bought a sailing boat so that she could sail around the world.) In case + present tense (present/ future references) (Bring an umbrella in case there is a storm in the afternoon.) NEVER USED WITH WILL/WOULD In case + past tense (past references) (We booked a table for six in case Peter brought his wife with him.) NEVER USED WITH WILL/WOULD For + noun (to talk about the purpose sb has when doing sth) (He came around for a cup of tea.) For + -ing (to express the purpose of sth or its function) (She uses a blender for making juice.) With a view to + -ing eesmärgil, otstarbel, midagi silmas pidades (He wrote a letter of complaint with a view to sending it to the manager.) Negative purpose: In order not to + infinitive (He made a shopping list in order not to forget any of the things he wanted to buy.) so as not to + infinitive
Future tenses Present Simple I pv. (Timetables) My bus leaves at 6 am. We are leaving at 6 tomorrow (Present continuous) Present Continuous Tegija + am, is, are + ing I am learning. Kindel tulevikuplaan Be going to 1. Kindlate tõendite põhjal tehtav tulevikuennustus Look at the clouds, its going to rain soon. 2. Tulevikuplaanid (mittekindel) Future Simple Will + I pv. · Tuleviku ennustused, mida tehakse arvamuste põhjal. · Hetkeotsused · Lubadused, ähvardused, pakkumised, palved etc. I will never speak to you again · Tegevused, mis toimuvad meie tahtest sõltumata. She will have a baby in June.
past simple past continious +2. pv +was/were + 1. pv + ing - I did not play -was/were + not ? did + 1. pv ? was were + ing täishäälik + kaashäälik siis kaashäälik kahekordistub -ed ees y muutub iks e kaob ära kui vaja lisada ing nt write-writing using points 1. lõpetatud tegevus 2.lseeria 3.mingisugusel ajahetkel lõpetatud tegevus 4.hobi või tegevus minevikus past continious 1.vahelesegatud tegevus 2. kindel aeg vahele segajana 3. parralleersed tegevused (while) 4. õhkkonna kirjeldamine palju tegevusi 5. korduv ärritav tegevus present perfect past perfect + have/has + 3. pv +had + 3. pv - have/has not + 3.pv -had + not + 3pv ?havve/has enne tegijat + 3
Clauses of results Such a/an + omadussõna + ainsuses loendatav nimisõna Such + omadussõna + loendamatu nimisõna/mitmus Such a lot of + loendamatu nimisõna/mitmus So + omadussõna/määrsõna So much/little + loendamatu nimisõna So many/few + mitmus Clauses of reasons The reason for + nimisõna/-ing vorm The reason why + clause (he verb) Because of/on account of/due to + nimisõna Because of/on account of/due to the fact that + clause (he verb) Now (that) + clause (they verb) Clauses of results In order to/so as to + infinitive (formal) So that + can/will (present or future reference) So that + could/would (past reference) In case + present tense (present or future reference) In case + past tense (past reference) For + nimisõna (kui tahame väljendada tegevuse eesmärki)
See nägi ette Austria liidendamist Saksamaaga. Tehti ka varasaem katse austriaga liidendada 1934 aastal. See ei jõustunud sest itaalia oli vastu, kuna sellel aastal nägi itaalia oma huvipiirkonda põhja pool. Huvipiirkond on vahemere lõunaosa. Märtsis 1938 viis saksamaa oma väed austriasse. Ja austria kuulutati saksamaa osaks. Seda tuntaks anslussi nime all. Kui juba ühendamine oli toimunud siis toimus rahvahääletus, mis kiitis antud sammu heaks. Demokraatlikud lääneriigid, ing, prnts, kes olid aluse pannud versaillesi süsteemile tegutsesid samamoodi, siis kui saksamaa viis väes reinitsooni, tegutsesid samamoodi ehk ignoreerisid. Ehk ajasid lepituspoliitikat. Saksamaa esitas järgmised nõudmised Tsehhoslovakkiale. Tsehhoslov oli paljurahvuseline riik. Seal elas umbes 6,5 milj tsehhi, 3,2 milj sakslast, 3 milj slovakki, 700 000 ungarlast ning poolakaid. 3,2 milj sakslast elasid ennem Austria-Ungari aladel. Tsehhoslovakkias elasid nad
Will+lihtolevik (help,come jne) kindle tegevus If you help me I will help you You won’t pass your exam if you don’t start working harder I’m,are,is+ing (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised) I’m playing football tomorrow. We are having a party tomorrow Lihtolevik (kindel aeg, kuupäev jne) The holidays start next week The train arrives at 6 in the morning (Be) going to (plaanid, kokkulepitud kohtumised, midagi võib juhtuda) I’m going to drive to work today I think its going to rain. Will be+ing (tegevus mis juhtub täpselt samal ajal nt nädala pärast) (tegevus mis on rutiinne)
with a difference in meaning · Can`t bear/ stand, hate, like, love, prefer When these verbs are used with the infinitive, they refer to more specific situations. When they are used with the gerund, they refer to more general situations. The difference in meaning is very slight. I prefer to work on a computer than to write by hand. I can not bear listening to her complaining all the time. · Remember, forget, regret, stop, try remember/forget + -ing refers to an action that happened before the moment of remembering/ forgetting. remember/forget + infinitive refers to an action after the moment of remembering/ forgetting. I remember seeing you somewhere before. (= that I have seen you) Did you remember to lock the door? She had completely forgotten telling him about her brother. I forgot to give Sally the book. · Regret + -ing means be sorry about an action in the past.
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