High forehead In the warmer climate hair in plaits, jeweled turbans or caps Using bleach A few extra pounds of weight. Used white lead powder Elizabethan 16th century Queen Elizabeth Naturally pale complexion Red hair Healthy glow to cheeks 18th Century Women had trim Crimped or curled heads Powdered Decorated with garlands(vanikud) Wire cages Three feet in the air Feathers Ribbons Jewels Even ships, gardens Victorian Natural beauty Without makeup Used cosmetics less Hygiene and health 1840s heads were sleek, demure Heavy knot of curls Plaits in back 1920s "Bobbed" Waved or shingled hairstyles Louise Brooks Clara Bow Powder Circles to the cheeks Plucked eyebrows Penciled in thin arches Lips very red 1940s Feminine hairstyles Bette Davis' curls Rita Hayworth's gleaming waves A lock of hair that covered one eye. 1950s "Doe eye" Pale complexion Intensely colored lips Curls Waves Bouffants Marilyn Monroe 1960s Dark eyes paired with pale lips Rock'n'roll Short styles
culture to the colonies. On the other hand the Empire also helped its subjects to develop in a positive sense. In overall Britain ruled several parts of the world, like India, parts of Africa, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia, but also Ireland. Just to prove my point I will give some examples how the British Empire affected its subjects. In the 19th century British culture and way of life became predominate in Ireland. In the 1840s the potato crop failed two years in a row and a terrible famine occurred. Millions of peasants, those with Irish Gaelic language and customs either died or emigrated. As a result by the end of the century almost the whole population were using English as their first language. On the other hand the British Empire is not considered to be a very imposing ruler. For example in the 19th century in India a distinct Anglo-Indian way of life developed.
of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It is a United States Presidential Memorial constructed to commemorate the first U.S. president, George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and sandstone, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, [n 1] standing 555 feet 5 inches (169.294 m) in height. It is also the tallest structure in Washington D.C. It was designed by Robert Mills, an architect of the 1840s. The actual construction of the monument began in 1848 but was not completed until 1884, almost 30 years after the architect's death. This hiatus in construction happened because of co-option by the Know-Nothing party, a lack of funds, and the intervention of the American Civil War. A difference in shading of the marble, visible approximately 150 feet (46 m, or 27%) up, shows where construction was halted for a number of years. Its cornerstone was laid on July
church. The square adjoins The Mall via Admiralty Arch to the southwest. To the south is Whitehall, to the east Strand and South Africa House, to the north Charing Cross Road and on the west side Canada House. At the corners of the square are four plinths; the two northern ones were intended for equestrian statues, and thus are wider than the two southern. Three of them hold statues: George IV (northeast, 1840s), Henry Havelock (southeast, 1861, by William Behnes), and Sir Charles James Napier (southwest, 1855). Former Mayor of London Ken Livingstone controversially expressed a desire to see the two generals replaced with statues "ordinary Londoners would know".[3] On the lawn in front of the National Gallery are two statues, James II to the west of the entrance portico and George Washington to the east. The latter statue, a gift from the state of
Oregon · Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is located on the Pacific coast between Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers. · The Oregon Territory was created in 1848 after American settlement began in earnest in the 1840s. Oregon became a state (33rd) on February 14, 1859. · Oregon enjoys a diverse landscape including a scenic and windswept Pacific coastline, the volcanoes of a rugged and glaciated Cascade Mountain Range, dense evergreen forests, and high desert across much of the eastern portion of the state. · The towering Douglas firs and redwoods along the rainy Western Oregon coast provide a dramatic contrast with the lower density and fire prone pine tree and juniper forests
accent). his English sink as a sign of "progeress" (albeit the doors in Marino do not close). Freeborn (1960:104) notes, that "for Pavel civilization is an aristocratic principle, a priceless artistic and cultural heritage far removed from the mundanities of economics". The traditional values are irrelevant to the peoples basic (economic) needs. Bazarov gives a harsh evaluation to Nikolai as " . , ". Evidently, one of the traits that is omitted to the generation of 1840s the fathers - is the sentimentality and overly romantic feelings that contrast strongly with that of the new men of the 1960s. Nikolai is depicted as sentimental and dreamy as he awaits his son. He ponders long in his thoughts, and sighs overly emotionally "... ... ...", while also thinking of his long-lost wife. Throughout the novel he does not hesitate to kiss his son, initiate physical contact and openly express his fondness qualities which are not overly `manly' or
Describe them briefly. Name some representatives and their works of each of the controversies. Religion and evolution Charles Darwin(religious doubt) Industrialism (the changes in the making of goods that resulted from substituing machines for hand labor) new kind of working class, wages extremely low, hours very long(14 a day) sufferers were women and children, families horribly crowded(unsanitary housing) severe economic depression in the early 1840s. Writers who speak about industrialism and its effects: Elizabet Barrett Browning(The Cry of the Chuldren), Friendrich Engels(The Condition of the Working Class), Karl Marx(The Communist Manifesto 1848), Elizabeth Gaskell(Mary Barton), Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray. ``The Woman Question" women wanted more rights, the role of women changed, women did efforts to move beyond the home, women forced into new kinds of labour, Jane Eyre tyoe of women versus
It was a period when many machines were invented and factories established. Factories meant more work for people but the conditions were inhuman. By the end of the 18th century Britain was the most industrialised country enjoying an international trade boom. During the late 18th century a huge network of canals and railways were built. Telegraph lines, magazines and newspapers became a part of every day. In the 1840s, when Britain was struck by famine, millions of citizens had to live in overcrowded tenements and their work regimes came close to slavery. The Victorian Age Encompass / n'kmps / ümbritsema, hõlmama Inconsolable / nkn'slbl / lohutamatu Withdraw / w'dr: / taanduma, tagasi tõmbuma The Victorian Age lasted from 1837 to 1901, when the throne belonged to Queen Victoria
His feast day is on 17th of March, the day he died. 3. The English conquest of Ireland began in the 12th century by Henry II. 4. King James I settled English and Scottish Protestants in the province of Ulster. This has resulted in conflicts between the Irish Catholics and the "planted" Protestants. 5. Home Rule was the name given to the Movement of Independence in 1916. Ireland demanded independence, self-government and freedom from the UK. 6. During the 1840s, the population decreased deeply due to Great Famine, which caused death and emigration. Now, population is changing and Ireland has become an immigration country Irish people are coming back; immigration from other European countries. 7. Irish Free State was a dominion, which was established in 1921. Six counties of Northern Ireland remained in union with Britain. The Republic of Ireland was
(www.wikipedia.org) 6 Traditions and culture Finnish culture has been greatly influenced by the cultures of neighbours, particulary Sweden. Large numbers of ern coasts of Finland during the Middle Ages and Swedish is still an important language in the country. Much of Finnish literature before the mid-nineteenth century was written in Swedis. However with the rise of Finnish nationalismfrom about the 1840s, great impetus was given to the Finnish literary movement. Many distinguished works have been written in Finnish, including those by the contemporary authors Sillanpaa, Waltari and Jotuni. Some authors prefer tom write in Swedish, thereby reaching a larger public. The Finns have also been strongly influenced by German music. Since the late nineteenth century, however, conscious attempts to produce an indigenous Finnish music have been
He disliked Charterhouse, parodying it in his later fiction as "Slaughterhouse." Illness in his last year there (during which he reportedly grew to his full height of 6'3") postponed his matriculation at Trinity College, Cambridge, until February 1829. Never too keen on academic studies, he left the University in 1830. Thackeray's years of semi-idleness ended after he met and, on 20 August 1836, married Isabella Gethin Shawe (1816-1893), He primarily worked for Fraser's Magazine, In the early 1840s, Thackeray had some success with two travel books, The Paris Sketch Book and The Irish Sketch Book. He remained "at the top of the tree", as he put it, for the remaining decade and a half of his life, producing several large novels, notably Pendennes, The Newcomes, and The History of Henry Esmond. In 1860, Thackeray became editor of the newly established Cornhill Magazine, but was never comfortable as an editor, preferring to contribute to the magazine as a columnist, producing
Today she is regarded as one of the outstanding poets of the 19 th cent and a major influence on the poets of the 20th cent. Walt Whitman (1819-1892) Life Early jobs He was born into a working class family on Long Island, New York. Completed his institutional education at the early age of twelve and worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice and a wandering school teacher. He then became the editor of two local newspapers and began writing poetry and short stories. In the late 1840s he spent a brief period as an editor of a newspaper in New Orleans, which ended when his opposition to slavery became an issue of friction with the owners. He travelled through the South and Midwest and was deeply impressed by the vastness of the Am landscape and the variety of its people. He was also influenced by the work of the poet Ralph Waldo Emerson and the revolutionary ideas of the American Transcendentalist movement.
English monarch to set foot on the isle. 4. Who were settled in the province of Ulster by King James I? James I settled English and Scottish Protestants in Munster and Ulster. What has this resulted in? It has resulted in an amount of English people in Ireland. 5. What is meant by Home Rule? Home Rule was a movement that sought to repeal the Acts of Union 1800. The Home Rule Act, was meant to permit Ireland self-government within the UK. 6. Changes in the number of population since the 1840s. 1841: 6.5M in Ireland, 8.2M on the island 1901: 3.2M in Ireland, 5M on the island 1951: 3.0M in Ireland, 4.4M on the island 2011: 4.6M in Ireland, 6.4M on the island Causes of emigration from Ireland. The Irish Famine caused some 150,000 people to leave the island. The Great Famine (1845-52) killed roughly a million and prompted another million to emigrate. In 1890, 40 % of Irish people were living abroad
But when they were later revised by the conference in favor of the Belgians, a Dutch army invaded Belgium and routed the opposing forces. The conditions of separation were again revised and were finally accepted by both countries in 1839. (3) 2.11 The Development of Parliamentary Democracy The second half of the 19th century was marked by a liberalization of the Netherlands government under the impact of the revolutions that had swept Europe during the 1840s. The seeds of reform were contained in the new constitution of 1848, which became the foundation of the present democracy. Under its provisions arbitrary personal rule by the monarch was no longer possible. The members of the first chamber of parliament, who had formerly been appointed by the king, were thereafter elected by the provincial states (assemblies). All people paying taxes in excess of a stipulated sum chose members of the states and of the second chamber of parliament
Westminster. The political power is focused in the City of Westminster, as the City is a financial centre. The Houses of Parliament · Seat of the 2 houses(House of Lords, House of Commons) · Westminster Palace · Built for Edward the Confessor 1000 years ago as a royal palace · Last one to live in the palace Henry VIII · Houses the Parliament since 1550 · Destroyed in 1834 in a fire · Westminster Hall survived the fire · New house built for parliament in 1840s( Sir Charles Barry) · Queen rules symbolically, actual power - parliament · House of Lords double-check the laws · House of Commons discuss politics and make laws · Opening of Parlianent- in November · Westminster Hall- oldest existing part, used as a court and a ceremonial hall, erected by William II in 1097 · Big Ben actually only the Bell(16 tons)- largest in the UK · Clock tower built in 1288
as a result of the slave trade, and this dramatically increased in the eighteenth century: a population of little more than 2,500 black slaves in 1700 had become about 100,000 by 1775, far out-numbering the southern whites. [3, p.35] The nineteenth century saw a massive increase in American immigration, as people fled the results of revolution, poverty, and famine in Europe. Large numbers of Irish came following the potato famine in Ireland in the 1840s. Germans and Italians came, escaping the consequences of the failed 1848 revolutions. And, as the century wore on, there were increasing numbers of Central European Jews, especially fleeing from the pogroms of the 1880s. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, immigrants were entering the USA at an average of three-quarters of a million a year. In 1900, the population was just over 75 million. This total had doubled by 1950. [3, p.35]
some social evil. Oliver Twist opposes workhouses; Nicholas Nickleby concentrates on children’s education in boarding schools. Child characters – not used as protagonists before him. 1842 Dickens goes to America. At first enthusiastic; soon shaken as he sees the horrors of slavery. Late 1840s – writing on general issues in England; money, power positions, reputation, etc. 1850 bildungsroman David Copperfield, criticizes child labour and unhappy Victorian marriages. Great Expectations, published between 1860 and 1861, summary of his life, a reassessment of his former views
used in the construction of the walls and towers of Babylon; there were oil pits near Ardericca (near Babylon), and a pitch spring on Zacynthus. Great quantities of it were found on the banks of the river Issus, one of the tributaries of the Euphrates. Ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper levels of their society. By 347 AD, oil was produced from bamboo-drilled wells in China. In the 1840s, the process to distill kerosene from petroleum was invented by James Young in Scotland and the first refinery was built by Ignacy Łukasiewicz, providing a cheaper alternative to whale oil. The demand for petroleum as a fuel for lighting in North America and around the world quickly grew. The question of what constituted the first commercial oil well is a difficult one to answer. Edwin Drake's 1859 well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, is popularly considered the first modern well
The cetology of MobyDick is the zoological classification and study of the properties of whales (i.e. cetology) introduced by United States author Herman Melville in his 1851 novel MobyDick. Although the novel is a work of fiction, Melville included sequences of chapters concerned largely with an objective discussion of the properties of whales. The observations, voiced through the narrator Ishmael, were largely drawn from Melville's own firsthand experiences in whaling in the 1840s and include observations of various species from the order of Cetacea. The chapters in which Melville discusses whales in a scientific manner, though connected with the story of Captain Ahab and the Pequod, are often omitted in abridged versions of the novel. Melville's observations are not a complete scientific study, even by standards of the day. Nevertheless, because of the general lack of knowledge
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