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INTRODUCTION The history of England has always been fascinating for me and plague was one the most horrifying diseases in human history with millions of deaths across the world. That is why I chose the Great Plague as the topic of my research. The purpose of my study is to educate myself and gain more knowledge on the history and find out how people lived in England in the seventeenth century. For a start, I will give a short review what the bubonic plague is. Then I tell about Black Death in England before the Great Plague, city life before and during the plague. Secondly, I will examine how the plague reached Great Britain. After that I will describe how people dealt with the plague and what the government decided to do with the corpses. Subsequently I will write about plague doctors, what they wore as a protection against the plague, how people invented different techniques to fight the plague and what the City Corporation did with cats and dogs.
Europe, and by the Spring of 1315, about ten percent of the population had died of starvation, and a number more had perished of illnesses that they could not fight off in their malnourished state. Edward II's reign lasted until 1327 when the leading was taken over from him by his son Edward III. The Hundred Years War began in 1337. It was a struggle between England and France for the dominance of Wester Europe. In Medieval England, the Black Death was to kill 1.5 million people out of an estimated total of 4 million people between 1348 and1350. No medical knowledge existed in Medieval England to cope with the disease. The Black Death is the name given to a disease called the bubonic plague. In 1377. Edward III's reign ended and it marks the end to the Plantagenet Kings. From 1377 - 1485 the Royal Houses of Lancaster and York became Kings of England in the Middle Ages and ruled the English. In 1377 Edward III was
were soon destroyed. The next invaders were the Anglo-Saxons. They came from nowadays Germany, Holland and Denmark. In 1066 the last successful invasion was made by French-speaking Normans. French became the language of the ruling class, Latin was the written language. By the 14th century, however, English began to replace both French and Latin, but the English language still contains numerous French and Latin borrowings. The Hundred Years War between England and France and the Black Death had a great negative influence on Britain. Over 1/3 of the population died. During the fifteenth century the throne of England was claimed by two rival groups - the House of York and the House of Lancaster. As the symbol of the House of York was a white rose and the symbol of the House of Lancaster was a red rose, the war between the groups was called the War of the Roses. It lasted from 1455 to 1485 and ended with the establishment of the powerful Tudor monarchy.
arts. A globe of the world, showing America, shares space with a lute, an astronomical globe, a Turkish rug used as a tablecloth, and a selection of mathematical instruments. These things speak of a widening world, in which Britain during the reign of Henry VIII was starting to play a bigger part. But something smears across the lower part of the painting, grisly and absurd: looked at from the correct angle, this distorted image reveals itself as a skull. Death haunts the age of discovery. Sir John Gilberts 1849 painting The plays of Shakespeare containgin scenes and characters from several of w.s plays-
through the ages and are an integral part of an Indigenous person's 'Dreaming'. The ancestors of the aborigines come in all shapes and sizes, in some ways they are very similar to Greek Gods and Goddess', in that they usually represent a certain theme. Such as the sky, or water. During the Dreaming the ancestors criss-crossed Australia shaping the land into its current state as the went. The Aborigines also consider certain constellations to be ancestors . Death was always a time of sorrow and supernatural fear among traditional ATSI people(Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.) . Wailing or crying was a common occurrence among the mourners who often painted their bodies with pipe clay, red ochre, or charcoal when a relative or friend died. In some districts people wore a head covering made of feathers. Others beat their bodies with sticks or clubs, or cut themselves with shells or stone knives to cause bleeding. In
That ceased when the emperor Constantine converted to Christianity. Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire in the early fourth century A.D. As the century progressed Christianity spread very quickly. Despite official recognition there was no mass conversion to Christianity; worship of the pagan gods and goddesses was not even formally banned until late in the fourth century. *Boadicea/Boudica At his death bed, Boudica's husband left half his possession to the emperor, expecting that this would protect his family. However, his property was confiscated. When Boudica, the queen of the Celts, protested, she was flogged and her daughters were raped. She swept trough Southern Britain with her tribe and tortured every Roman she met. A women having power seemed unnatural to the Romans. She fought back for 2 years, but finally took poison and died.
NEGATIVE: Christopher Columbus' reputation has not survived the scrutiny of history, and today we know that he was no more the discoverer of America than Pocahontas was the discoverer of Great Britain. *On the contrary, they view the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492 as an occasion to be mourned. The politically correct view is that Columbus did not discover America, because people had lived here for thousands of years. Worse yet, it's claimed, the main legacy of Columbus is death and destruction. Columbus is routinely vilified as a symbol of slavery and genocide. Native Americans had built great civilizations with many millions of people long before Columbus wandered lost into the Caribbean. Columbus' voyage has even less meaning for North Americans than for South Americans because Columbus never set foot on our continent, nor did he open it to European trade. Scandinavian Vikings already had
The point is obvious: The witch-craze did not arise spontaneously in the peasantry. It was a calculated ruling class campaign of terrorization. The Church and European society were not always so zealous in hunting witches or blaming them for bad occurrences. Saint Boniface declared in the 8th century that belief in the existence of witches was un-Christian. The emperor Charlemagne decreed that the burning of supposed witches was a pagan custom that would be punished by the death penalty. In 820 the Bishop of Lyon and 2 others repudiated the belief that witches could make bad weather, fly in the night, and change their shape. This denial was accepted into Canon law until it was reversed in later centuries as the witch- hunt gained force. In 1307 the trial of the Knights Templar shows close parallels to accusations of witchcraft, maleficium, and sorcery and may have been the beginning of the great European witch- hunt
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