SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564; died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist.He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. POEMS · In 1593 and 1594, when the theatres were closed because of plague, Shakespeare published two narrative poems on erotic themes, Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece. He dedicated them to Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton
In England in the 15 century Fourteen lines Iambic pentameter 2 four-line and 2 three-line stanzas The structure of the Shakespearen sonnet It differs from Italian sonnet Three quatrians and a rhymed couplet In iambic pentameter The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shakespeare`s creation 154 sonnets Main themes : time, love and beauty First published in 1609 Dedication to Mr. W.H. Characters Fair Youth The Dark Lady The Rival Poet Mary Fitton ( one of the candidates) Two sonnets about the Dark Lady CXXX CXXXII
[179] Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove either way.[180] Sexuality Main article: Sexuality of William Shakespeare Few details of Shakespeare's sexuality are known. At 18, he married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. However, over the centuries readers have pointed to Shakespeare's sonnets as evidence of his love for a young man. Others read the same passages as the expression of intense friendship rather than sexual love.[181] At the same time, the 26 so- called "Dark Lady" sonnets, addressed to a married woman, are taken as evidence of heterosexual liaisons.[182] Portraiture Main article: Portraits of Shakespeare There is no written description of Shakespeare's physical appearance and no evidence that he
· Shakespeare's children: Susanna Judith Hamnet (+ William Davenant?) CAREER IN LONDON: · Acted in several companies of players · By 1584 had become an important playwright-actor in the Lord Chamberlain's Company (the King's Men) · Wrote many great plays, for example: "A Midsummer Night's Dream" "Merchant of Venice" "Romeo and Juliet" "Othello" "Hamlet" etc. · Also wrote poems and sonnets THE GLOBE THEATRE: LATER YEARS AND DEATH: · 1610 returned to his birthplace, lived in the New Place · Died on on April 23, 1616 SHAKESPEARE'S TOMB- STONE SOURCES: · http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/shakespe .htm · http://www.william- shakespeare.org.uk/facts-about- william-shakespeare.htm · http://www.william- shakespeare.info/william- shakespeare-biography- childhood-and-education.htm · http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willia m_Shakespeare
· Shakespeare never actually published any of his plays. They are known today only because two of his fellow actors John Hemminges and Henry Condell · more than 80 variations recorded for the spelling of Shakespeare's name. (for example: Shappere, Shaxberd) Interesting facts · The Globe burned to the ground on June 29, 1613, set fire by a cannon shot during a performance of Shakespeare's Henry VIII · Based on textual evidence in the sonnets and plays, some believe that Shakespeare was bisexual. · Shakespeare's works contain first-ever recordings of 2,035 English words, including critical, critical frugal(kokkuhoidlik), frugal excellent, barefaced(häbitu), barefaced assassi- nation(salamõrv), nation and countless(loendamatu) countless
Susanna later became William's caretaker after the death of his wife and the twins. Shakespeare was forced toleave Stratford for London after a quarrel with the local squire. Will started as an actor before starting to write his own plays; his career lasted for 21 years. Returned to Stratford in 1610, where he lived until his death atthe age of 52 and was buried in the local churh. Optimistic period wrote two long poems, ,,Venus and Adonis", ,,Lucrece", 154 sonnets, bright comedies, ,,Romeo and Juliet" and his historical plays. Sonnets the genre was developed in Italy, perfected by Petrarch, Shakespeare and Milton. In his poems there are the characters The Dark Lady, the Young Friend, the author. In his sonnets he criticizes human vices. Shakespeares ideal beauty differed greatly from the traditional beauty of the time. The Earl of Southampton was his friend.
Hedda’s godfather- painter Ants Laikmaa 2nd august 1904 - “Postimees” published M. Under’s first poem “How … happened” (pseudonym Mutti) 1906 -> Tallinn 1913 Artur Adson -> Marie’s editor 1924 divorced from Carl Hacker; married to Adson 1917 was the first collection of Marie Under’s poems published during ‘20s Marie also published essays, other writings and translations from the german language Her early work was quite sensual topics: love and nature “Sonnets” (1917), “Pre-bloom”/“Eelõitseng” (1918) “Blue sail”(1918) Her work later on was more socially ortiented, especially those inspired by the war “We are waiting” is concidered to be the national anthem of the Estonian emigrants the poem ends with words “We are waiting. We keep on believing. We do not bend.” “A wish” Let me never serve with half a mouth. When I go my way let the earth feel my footstep.
only son with short time. In about 1610 he left London and settled down in Stratford. Was 52 when died. Buried in the local church in Stratford. Before death designed his own epitaph( text on tombstone). If anybody touched is bones and ashes, he would be cursed. That stopped reburying Three periods in his literary period I Optimistic period II Pessimistic period III Romantic The Optimistic period He wrote poems and sonnets (154), world famous comedies, bright comedies, two tragedies "Romeo and Juliet" and some historical plays. 4 different items. Sonnet A poem of 14 lines, perfected in Italy by Petrarch. Each line has 10 syllables an d the stress is on everu other syllable. Adressed on two people. One was so called The Dark Lady. Other was The Writers Young Friend. Started to wrote them because sonnets abled him to criticise various human vices to express his feelings of love and
Several illegitimate children Died: January 28, 1547 at Whitehall Palace, London, aged 55 years Reigned for: 37 years, 9 months, and 7 days William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwrite, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language. Isaac Newton Born on January 12th 1642 Died on March 31st 1727 His father died 3 months before he was born He was an English mathematician and philosopher He described laws of motion and gravitation He studied Hebrew scholarship and ancient and modern theologians at great length, and became convinced that Christianity had departed from
Sangar János ilmus eesti keelsena 1973 Siim Mihkel Palits Adam Mickiewicz A. Mickiewicz oli Poola kirjanik, poeet tõlkija ja professor. Teda loetakse Poola parimaks poeetiks. Teda võrreldakse nii Byroni kui ka Goethega Ta suri 26.november 1855 56.aastaselt Tema isa oli advokaat. Loomingud Ode to Youth oli Adam.M üks esimesi teoseid. Grayna oli kirjutatud 1822 aasta suvel. The Crimean Sonnets on luulekogumik kus on 18 sonneti Konrad Wallenrod on 1828. aasta jutustav luuletus Pan Tadeuszi loetakse Poola rahvuslikuks eeposeks. Siim Mihkel Palits Heinrich Heine H.Heine algselt sündinud Harry Heinena oli Saksamaa kuulsaim poeet. Ta sündis juudi perekonda Düsseldorfis. Tema isa oli kaupmees. Pärast tema isa firma läbikukkumist saadeti ta Hamburgi, et ta ära õpiks. Heine lahkus Saksamaalt ja läks Pariisi 1831. Loomingud
appearance at this time. Throughout the Middle Ages ballads, short folk tales that tell stories, were very popular. THE RENAISSANCE: The Literary Background 16th century, - humanism. Thomas More- brought it to England and he was arrested because he refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as the Head of the Church. Elizabeth's reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity, and both the court and the emerging middle class dedicated a lot of time to art and literature. W. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, E. Spencer 88. . Spenser's belief that poetry should deal with subjects far removed from everyday life and should be written in refined language unlike that which was used by common people became the basic principle for poetry throughout much of the Elizabethan period. CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE 1564-1593, born in Canterbury, was working for the government. Also wrote plays where he was successful. In the end got stabbed to death.
The first major impact of the Renaissance on English literature is observable in the poetry of Wyatt and Surrey, who introduced and Anglicized the sonnet, a verse form that has proved to be both popular and durable. Surrey is credited also with inventing English blank verse. Other verse forms, borrowed from the Italian and French, had a lesser impact. Elaborate Renaissance conventions of love poetry were also transplanted, finding their outlet chiefly in sonnets and sonnet sequences. 7. Which events diminished the power of the Catholic Church in England? Two events occurred that were inimical to the influence of the Catholic Church. The 1st was Martin Luther's posting of his Ninety-five Theses on a church door in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517, an act which heralded the Reformation. The 2nd event was brought about by the desire of Henry VIII for a male heir and his wish to divorce Catherine of Aragon, who had borne only one child, Mary
marks. (Mary's lamb--nursery rhyme, Commander Statue--Don Juan) Quotation is a phrase or passage from a literary source often marked by inverted commas. The quotation goes together with a reference to the author unless he is widely known (Shakespeare Hamlet) Epigram is short compact statement, which stresses an idea. Individuals whose names we know coin epigrams. Epigrams are independent if taken out of the context. The last 2 lines of sonnets are called epigrammatic. (A favourite has no friend--Gray) Phraseological units make the text emphatic and colloquial. They may appear in the original form and maybe deformed (here belong proverbs, idioms, and sayings) · The word order may change (too true to be good) · Substituting words (the loser takes it all) · Reviving meaning of words (I have so many new schemes up my sleeve that I have to wear kimono to hold them)
Brief but intense meditations, striking use of wit, irony and wordplay. John Donne: passionate feeling and logical argument are mixed, play of intellect, conceits (extended metaphors), wit, huge range of ideas with startling connections between them, analyses love with different moods (cynicism and profound dedication) The First Anniversary. An Anatomy of the World; The Flea; Love’s Alchemy; Elegy XIX To His Mistress Going To Bed; Holy Sonnets (9, X, XIV); Hymn To God My God, in My Sickness. Francis Quarles: emblem poems Canticle George Herbert: courtly urbanity of language, certain neatness and point, his wit „homely” (simple), sometimes queer, conceits in title. The Dawning; The Altar; The Collar; The Pilgrimage Richard Crashaw: paradoxes, sensuous warmth, conceit as isolated ornament rather than integral part of poem’s meaning To the Noblest & best of Ladyes, the Countesse of Denbigh
William Shakespeare (1564–1616) No biography during his life, the first written 93 years after his death. Born in Stratford-‐ upon-‐Avon. No official schooling. In 1592 joined Lord Chamberlain’s Men. 1599, the Globe. Legacy: 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnets. Shakespeare’s drama follows the principles of renaissance drama, derived from the Greek drama tradition. Shakespeare’s drama: historical plays, tragedies (sad ending) and comedies (anything but sad; does not mean funny!) Catharsis – the therapeutic effect of tragedies.
people, most certainly after the Spanish Armada was repulsed. It was also the end of the period when England was a separate realm before its royal union with Scotland. Shakespeare- was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright 20. The Civil War - (16421651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first (164246) and second (164849) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third
5. Rhyme Royal is a stanza of 7 iambic pentametres (5 feet), rhyming: a b a b b c c. The name comes from the use of this stanza by the king James I of Scotland. 6. Terza rima a verse written in triplets, lines being iambic pentametres (5 feet), rhyming: aba bcb cdc, etc. ending with a couplet to avoid 1 word unrhymed. 7. Sonnet is a poem that originated in Italy and was adopted in England in the 16 th century. There are 2 types of English sonnets Petrarchan (Italian) and Shakespearean (English). Both contain 14 iambic pentameters. The difference between the 2 is mainly a matter of rhyme. 8. Limerick is a funny poem of nonsense comprising 5 anapaestic lines, rhyming: a a b b a; with the 3rd and 4th lines shorter than the other 3. 16. RHYTHM IN POETRY AND IN PROSE Rhythm is a concept that applies to any phenomenon or process that is characterized by orderly sequences, by harmonic coordination of
The name comes from the use of this stanza by the king James I of Scotland. 6. Terza rima a verse written in triplets, lines being iambic pentametres (5 feet), rhyming: aba bcb cdc, etc. ending with a couplet to avoid 1 word unrhymed. 7. Sonnet is a poem that originated in Italy and was adopted in England in the 16 th century. There are 2 types of English sonnets Petrarchan (Italian) and Shakespearean (English). Both contain 14 iambic pentameters. The difference between the 2 is mainly a matter of rhyme. 8. Limerick is a funny poem of nonsense comprising 5 anapaestic lines, rhyming: a a b b a; with the 3rd and 4th lines shorter than the other 3. RHYTHM IN POETRY AND IN PROSE ("Rhythm and Text") Rhythm is a concept that applies to any phenomenon or process that is characterized by
Kriser och kransar. Snart väcktes hans intresse för finlandssvensk, fransk och engelsk modernism. Efter flera år av motigt arbete på att hitta sin egen lyriska orientering och samtidigt försöka leva på sitt skrivande och sin kritiska verksamhet kom Lindegren till ett genombrott 1939-40; hans dikter blev mer förtätat bildrika än någonsin och samtidigt mer rytmiskt säkra. Under intryck av en diktsvit av Lawrence Durrell, The Sonnets of Hamlet (1939), som fick hjälpa till med det metriska, och de första månaderna av andra världskriget, dess absurditet och likgiltighet för människoliv, tillkom mannen utan väg. Genom sitt avancerade, komprimerade bildspråk, sin associationsrikedom och teckningen av samtiden fick den mycket stor betydelse för fyrtiotalismen och den svenska modernismen över huvud taget. Diktsamlingen Sviter gavs ut 1947. Här visar sig Lindegren från en ny sida, som
The Protestant Church, a part of the Christian Church that separated form the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century – протестантская церковь. The Church of England, England’s official Protestant church founded in the 16th century by King Henry VIII – англиканская церковь. The Russian Orthodox Church – русская православная церковь. 61 5. William Shakespeare (1564–1616), English poet (sonnets) and dramatist (37 plays – tragedies, comedies and histories), born and died at Stratford-on-Avon . Вильям Шекспир. 6. Sir Francis Drake (1540–1596), England’s greatest admiral, founder of her sea power; as privateer encouraged by the Queen, attacked and destroyed Spanish ships bringing treasures back from America and plundered her colonies; the first English seaman to sail round the world. Фрэнсис Дрейк. privateer ["praIvq'tIq] ист. капер
Published: 1599 Categorie(s): Fiction, Drama Source: Feedbooks 1 About Shakespeare: William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviv- ing works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been trans- lated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of the playing company the Lord
characters in a tragedy or a romance, we cry in part for ourselves. W h e n we shudder in terror at the latest horror film or novel, we shudder for ourselves. W e sense our part in the great polarities, spirit and matter, male and female, life and death, good and evil, and we find healthy release in stories that explore their workings. QUESTIONS 1. "To be or not to be, that is the question." Shakespeare uses many dualities and polarities in his plays and sonnets, using twins, pairs of lovers, and contrasting ideas such as the relationship of Prince H a l and Sir John Falstaff in Henry TV parts one and two, where they are flip sides of the same coin of knighthood, Prince H a l representing honor and S i r John dishonor. R e a d a Shakespeare play and see how many polarities you can find in it. W h a t is the effect of these polarities on the reader or audience? 2
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