Built in 1599 Burned in 1613 Rebuilt in 1614 Banks of Thames Everyone used to go (17th) Poor near (no covering) Wealthier shelter / balconies Daytime no artificial lighting No curtains + Women Their parts/played by boys Inside The New Globe Theatre Closed in 1642 (why?) 1987 Work began 180 m / real materials & methods 1997 opened Still daytime Shakespeare & other playwrights of his time Used materials http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgnInT4x8kA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Theatre http://www.shakespearesglobe.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare's_Globe
longer used for commercial transport. In Ireland is five main International airports. Motorists must draive on the left in Ireland. All speed limit signs in the republic hanged to the metric system in 2005. Culture is very multifarious. Singing is the favourite pastime in Ireland and traditional Celtic music is an important part of the Irish culture. Ireland is known to be a natin of scholars and there are many well-known authors, playwrights and poets. The most populaar sports in Ireland are Hurling and Gaelic football. Geography in Ireland is very mountainious and hilly. There is many big mountains like CarnTual, The country Kerry, The Macgillicuddy and so on. I got to know many important and interesting facts about Ireland and I learned many new words. Someday I certainly want to visit the country.
much like the original as possible. The New Globe was built with the same materials and building methods as the Shakespeare´s theatre. It is a round building, 3 storeys high, with a wooden frame and plaster walls. The middle of the theatre is open to the sky. The New Globe opened in 1997. It was named "Shakespeare's Globe and it is used from April to October for performances of plays both by Shakespeare and other playwrights of his time. The audience is possible to sit in a gallery just as the wealthier people would have done 400 years ago or stand as a groundling in the yard, just as poorer people would have done . Tickets for the new play cost £20. There are 700 £5 standing tickets for every performance. Standing offers the best view of the stage. On the upper, middle and lower gallery tickets cost from £12 to £33. In 2009 there was played: "Romeo and Juliet", "The Frontline", "As You Like It", "Troilus
Orchestra. 4 Russian Drama Theatre The State Russian Drama Theatre of Estonia first opened It's doors at December 15, 1948. And till now days is the only one professional Russian theatre in Estonia. More than for 50 years of the existence the theatre has put out about 500 performances. These are statements of modern Russian and western playwrights, Russian and international classics, the Estonian dramatic art, performances for children. During it's tours theatre has visited many cities of the former USSR: from Kaliningrad to Chita, from Murmansk to Tashkent. Last year's Russian theatre of Estonia toured Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Riga, Vilnius, Novgorod, took part in various festivals. Some well-known theater directors (Andrey Tarkovsky, Roman Viktjuk, Juriy Sillart, Lembit Ulfsack and others) worked on a stage of Russian theatre
,,Kuninganna kaelakee'' (1849-1850) ,,Punase maja kuningas'' (1845) ,,Must tulp'' (1850) ,,Pähklipureja'' (1844) jpt. Pildid Alexandre Dumas fils Alexandre Dumas père Kasutatud kirjandus http://www.boysbooks.org/wiki/index.php/Alexander_Dumas http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Alexandre_Dumas_2.jpg http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_vanem http://www.josephhaworth.com/images/Playwrights/Alexandre%20Dumas%20fils/ Alexandre%20Dumas%20fils-sketch-B&W-Resized.jpg http://www.corpusetampois.com/cle-19-dumas.jpg 5.
The most famous British playwright is obviously William Shakespeare. He lived from 1564 to 1616. During that time he wrote about 40 plays, which are still played and used in today's theatre. His plays are performed more often than those of any other playwright. The first professional woman playwright was Aphra Behn. Nowadays there are not so many world famous dramatists in England but the memory of William Shakespeare and many others has preserved until today. Important modern playwrights include Alan Ayckbourn, John Osborne, Harold Pinter, Tom Stoppard, and Arnold Wesker. Music Many British music composers have made major contributions to world's music, and are known internationally. They also have many orchestras including BBC Symphony Orchestra, the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Philharmonia etc. The British were one of the two main nations in the development of rock and roll along with the Americans, and they have provided many bands. The best known of
8.b klass Oscar Wilde Referaat Tartu 2009 Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, poet and author of numerous short stories and one novel. Known for his biting wit, he became one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London, and one of the greatest celebrities of his day. Several of his plays continue to be widely performed, especially The Importance of Being Earnest. As the result of a widely covered series of trials, Wilde suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned for two years hard labour after being convicted of "gross indecency" with other men. After Wilde was released from prison he set sail for Dieppe by the night ferry. He never returned to Ireland or Britain.
expressed in the Proclamation of the Irish Republic. The seven signatories of this proclamation, Patrick Pearse, Thomas MacDonagh, Thomas Clarke, Sean MacDiarmada, Joseph Plunkett, Eamonn Ceannt and James Connolly, were executed, along with nine others, and thousands were interned precipitating the Irish War of Independence. Theatre Following in the tradition of Shaw, Wilde and Samuel Beckett, playwrights such as Seán O'Casey, Brian Friel, Sebastian Barry, Conor McPherson and Billy Roche have gained popular success. Music Ireland is known for its traditional music and song, in origin going back hundreds of years but still played throughout the country. Among the best-known modern performers are groups such as The Chieftains, singers such as Christy Moore, ensembles such as Anúna and Celtic Woman and cross-over artists such as singers Enya and Sinéad
unrequited love. Lyric poetry also flourished as courtier and commoner alike found in song an outlet for the exuberant Renaissance spirit. 12. What was the leading genre in English literature at that time? How did it develop? Beyond question, the Elizabethan period was the golden age of English drama, including among its dramatists Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, along with more than a dozen other first-rate playwrights. Under the skillful handling of these dramatists, blank verse, introduced into the lg by Surrey, became the main vehicle for tragedy and comedy. Native English drama, which had existed at least since medieval times, was the wellspring of Elizabethan drama. Although Classical drama had been known earlier, its initial influence came in the 1560s, with the translation of Latin drama, especially the revenge tragedies of Seneca and the comedies of Plautus and Terence. 13
Nowadays there is new "The Globe". Stage in the middle, audience surrounded it. Theatre house had balkony, mad use of it. No curtins. Got light from sun or candles, torches. Many burnt down. Almost none scenery and decorations. Audience was informed with signs where was written where the action took place. Action was very quick, continoius. Actors were men and boys. Drama was divided into tragedy and comedy. First one swere imitations of ancient Roman tragedies and comedies. The first playwrights were men of academic learning. Called Universitie Wits. First plays were the plays of action, situations were natural. Characters were real humans with their vices and virtues. The first outstanding playwright was Christopher Marlowe 1564-1593. Born in Canterbury son of a cobbler. In 1580 went to Cambridge university, showed himself as atheist. During his schoolyears he was nutorious of his violent and disreputable behaviour ( kaak ). In 1584 he got his bachelor of Arts
final poem to his wife on his deathbed. Hardy's first novel, The Poor Man and the Lady, finished by 1867 Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) In 1873 A Pair of Blue Eyes Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) Oscar Wilde Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. Known for his barbed wit, he was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London, and one of the greatest celebrities of his day. As the result of a famous trial, he suffered a dramatic downfall and was imprisoned for two years of hard labour after being convicted of the offence of "gross indecency." Oscar Wilde was the second son born into an Anglo-Irish family, at 21 Westland Row, Dublin, to Sir William Wilde and his wife Jane Francesca Wilde Wilde studied classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874. He was an outstanding
museums and galleries display precious and interesting finds from all parts of the world and from all stage in the development of nature, man and art. London is one of the leading world centres for music, drama, opera and dance. Festivals held in towns and cities throughout the country attract much interest. Many British playwrights, composers, sculptors, painters, writers, actors, singers and dancers are known all over the world. Musical culture of Great Britain The music of the United Kingdom, which is part of British music, refers to all forms of music associated with the United Kingdom since its creation. Throughout its history, the United Kingdom has been a major exporter and source of musical innovation in the modern and contemporary eras, drawing its cultural basis from the history of
particular aim which requires the use of non-literary forms and expressions. The 16th century plays are mostly written in iambic pentameter, rhymed or unrhymed. The plays of this period were justly called dramatic poetry. The performance kept close to the norms of colloquial language and that tendency affected the verse and resulted in breaking the regular rhythm of the metre. This breaking became one of the characteristic features of the language of dramatic poetry. The great playwrights of this period modulated the rhythmical pattern of blank verse. A popular form of entertainment at the courts of Elizabeth and the Stuarts was the masque ( ). These masques are believed to be the earliest forms of what is now known as "spoken drama". But the drama of the 17th century itself still holds fast to poetic diction up to the decline of the theatre. The revival of drama began only in the second half of the 18th century,
Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky soon became internationally renowned to the point that many scholars such as F. R. Leavis have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever. In the second half of the century Anton Chekhov excelled in writing short stories and became perhaps the leading dramatist internationally of his period. Other important 19th-century developments included the fabulist Ivan Krylov; non-fiction writers such as Vissarion Belinsky and Alexander Herzen; playwrights such as Aleksandr Griboyedov, Aleksandr Ostrovsky and the satirist Kozma Prutkov. The 20th century (Silver age) The beginning of the 20th century ranks as the Silver Age of Russian poetry. Well-known poets of the period include: Alexander Blok, Sergei Yesenin, Valery Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, Mikhail Kuzmin, Igor Severyanin, Sasha Chorny, Nikolay Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Innokenty Annensky, Zinaida Gippius. The poets most often associated with the
literary forms and expressions. The 16th century plays are mostly written in iambic pentameter, rhymed or unrhymed. The plays of this period were justly called dramatic poetry. The performance kept close to the norms of colloquial language and that tendency affected the verse and resulted in breaking the regular rhythm of the metre. This breaking became one of the characteristic features of the language of dramatic poetry. The great playwrights of this period modulated the rhythmical pattern of blank verse. A popular form of entertainment at the courts of Elizabeth and the Stuarts was the masque ( ). These masques are believed to be the earliest forms of what is now known as "spoken drama". But the drama of the 17th century itself still holds fast to poetic diction up to the decline of the theatre. The revival of drama began only in the second half of the
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, con- sidered some of the finest examples in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as ro- mances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accur- acy during his lifetime, and in 1623 two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now re- cognised as Shakespeare's. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Ro-
influences came from the West. Most recognisable of these was German Expressionism (Hugo von Hofmannstahl, Georg Kaiser and others). The repertoire became more diverse comprising both classics (often getting expressionistic and impressionistic staging), and more realistic popular plays and representations of Estonian rural and urban life. The social-critical trend was stressed by the Töölisteater (Tallinn Workers’ Theatre) led by Priit Põldroos (1902-1968). Among the local playwrights the humorist 1 Still to be translated and published, in its entirety, in English. 2 A worldwide association of writers, founded in 1921, to promote friendship and intellectual co- operation among writers everywhere; to emphasize the role of literature in the development of mutual understanding and world culture and satirist Hugo Raudsepp (1883-1952) stands out with his comedies. Among the serious plays Anton Hansen Tammsaare’s drama Judith (1921; based on the Old
M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The
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