The Haapsalu Bishop's Castle The Haapsalu Bishop's Castle and Cathedral, which was established in the 13th century as the centre of the SaareLääne Diocese, is one of the best preserved castles in Estonia. It is located on the western coast of Estonia in Haapsalu. The Haapsalu Castle is one of the most remarkable examples of Estonian MiddleAge fortress architecture. The stronghold construction, widening and reconstruction went on throughout several centuries, with architecture changing according to the development of weapons. The fortress achieved its final dimensions area of more than 3 hectares, thickness of the wall between 1.2 and 1.8 meters, and maximum height over 10 metres under the reign of Bishop Johannes IV(fourth).
Sang in the Amherst Glee Club Brown spent on year abroad in Sevilla, Spain Music career After graduating he made a children's cassette SynthAnimals. In 1991 moved to Hollywood to become a pianist In 1994, Brown released a CD ,, Angles & Deamons" Writing career In 1993 Brown was inspired by the novel The Doomsday Conspiracy to write thrillers In 1996, Brown quit teaching to become a full-time writer First book published in 1998 (,,Digital Fortress") Books Digital Fortress, 1998 Angels & Demons, 2000 Deception Point, 2001 The Da Vinci Code, 2003 The Lost Symbol, 2009 Style Short chapters Historic plot Good character development Code breaking Suspense Figures of Speech Predictable Angles & Deamons Published in 2000 Main character Robert Langdon He tries to stop the Illuminatis from destroying Vatican City The plot is about Langdon chasing the illuminatis all
The first decades of the 14th century brought no changes in the situation. Early in 1340 the relationship with Russians deteriorated again. Provincial master Burchard von Dreileben planned a campaign against Pskov and demanded the help of Tartu bishopric. The provincial master began to build another belt of border fortresses. On the Annunciation Day, March 25, 1342, the building of fortresses in Marienburg and Vastseliina began. The latter was called the fortress of the Virgin Mary, but it soon acquired the name of New (vastse) Town (Castrum Novum, Neuhausen, Nyhusen, Nowogrodek). The name is probably the result of a chronological comparison with the older Kirumpää fortress. The first written records of Kirumpää fortress date from the year 1322. This is one of the possible explanations for the origin of Vastseliina`s name. The fact that the communications of southern Old Livonia with
History The Tower of London was founded in 1078 by William the Conqueror. In the 12th century, King Richard the Lionheart enclosed the White Tower with a curtain wall and had a moat dug around it. The fortification was completed in 1280 by Edward I, who built the outer curtain wall. The Tower today is principally a tourist attraction. Besides the buildings themselves, the British Crown Jewels and a remnant of the wall of the Roman fortress are on display. Primary Functions The tower's primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison for high status and royal prisoners. It has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom.
residence as well as a prison in the medieval period. The monarch traditionally spent the night at the Tower prior to his or her coronation ceremony at Westminster Abbey. It has been the stage on which much of England's dramatic but often sad and bloody saga of royal history has been played out. The founding of the Tower The Tower of London was founded by King William the Conqueror. After his coronation on Christmas Day, 1066, William hastily ordered the erection of a wooden fortress between the Thames and the ancient Roman wall which then surrounded London. William began the building of what is now termed as the White Tower ten years later. A rectangular stone keep of Caen stone, designed as an impregnable fortress and as an impressive and awesome demonstration of his power to the Londoners. With ramparts which were fifteen feet thick at the base and walls soaring ninety feet high, the dominating shadow of the Tower
Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the Lower Town (inhabited by people of a lower social standing), as there were conflicts between the two. The doors and the gates of the wall were locked at night, a procedure which carried on until the end of the 19th century.
Windsor Castle is an official residence of The Queen and the largest occupied castle in the world. A Royal home and fortress for over 900 years, the Castle remains a working palace today. The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Every year The Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter, known as Easter Court. During that time The Queen hosts occasional 'dine and sleeps' events for guests, including politicians and public figures.
HYDE PARK: Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner. The park is divided in two by the Serpentine. The park is contiguous with Kensington Gardens; although often still assumed to be part of Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens has been technically separate since 1728, when Queen Caroline made a division between the two. THE TOWER OF LONDON: Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government. [1] TOWER BRIDGE: Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London,
Tallinn History of Tallinn The first traces of human settlement found in Tallinn's city center by archeologists are about 5000 years old. The first fortress was built in 1050, on Toompea. A weather fane, the figure of an old warrior called Old Thomas, was put on the top of the spire of the Tallinn Town Hall in 1530, which became the symbol for the city later on. Tourism Tallinn receives more than 1.5 million visitors annually, and it has been growing steadily since the past decade. Tallinn’s old town is a major tourist attraction
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also another way leading up to Toompea - Lühike Jalg, which was made in the 14th century
Fifth level Machine Room Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Timotheus Eberhard von Bock Drew up Russia's first constitution Deplored autocracy and bondage 9 years in Schlüsselburg fortress Jaan Kross' novel `'The Emperor's Madman'' http://www.mois.ee/vilj/voisiku.shtml http:// et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timotheus_Eberhard_von http://register.muinas.ee/? menuID=photolibrary&order=address:desc http:// www.poltsamaaturism.ee/index.php?mode=rin Thank you for listening!
The doors and gates in the wall were locked at night. Tallinn joined the German-dominated Hanseatic League in 1285 and became a junction of trade between East and West: furs, honey, leather and seal fat moved west, while salt, cloth, herring and wine moved east. Its geographical position was very favourable, with its wide bay protected by the two outlying islands of Aegna and Naissaar for a large port. Tallinn developed along three lines: fortress, port and market town. Tallinn grew rapidly and had developed into a well-known trading centre by the 15th century. Unfortunately, prosperity did not last long due to the weakening of the Hanseatic League, epidemics, hunger and wars. Sweden finally managed to take control of the whole of Estonia in 1629. Their rule ended after the Northern War in 1710 when Estonia was joined to the Russian Empire. Life changed for the better thanks to the opening of a railway line from St. Petersburg to
The Old Town (The Dome Hill) Kelly Pärkman 10a Tallinn Lillekyla Gymnasium Table of Contents Tallinn Toompea Castle Tall Hermann's Tower Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin Danish King's Garden The House of the Estonian Knighthood Maiden Tower References Tallinn The centre of Tallinn Dome Hill The lower town Toompea Castle Location Built in the 13th to the 14th centuries Wooden fortress The building of the Riigikogu Several parts Tall Hermann's Tower Location 14th century The name of the tower The Estonian flag Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin Location Lutheran church 1219 1233 The stone church
Humber Bridge The Humber Bridge, which was completed in 1981, held the record for the longest span in the world.The Humber Bridge is truly a work of art, with a main span length of 4,624 ft. The Humber Bridge still holds the record for the longest single span suspension bridge in the world. Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is an official residence of The Queen and the largest occupied castle in the world. A Royal home and fortress for over 900 years, the Castle remains a working palace today. Victoria Memorial The Victoria Memorial is a sculpture in London, placed at the centre of Queen's Gardens in front of Buckingham Palace.It was built by the sculptor Sir Thomas Brock, in 1911. The surround was constructed by the architect Sir Aston Webb , from 2,300 tons of white marble. Football Sport plays a prominent role in English life. The most popular team sport is
Tallinn The first traces of human settlement found in Tallinn's city center by archeologists are about 5000 years old. In 1050 the first fortress was built on Tallinn Toompea.[3] In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. On 24 February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the
Jõelähtme Holy Virgin Mary Church. Jõelähtme church is one of the oldest churches in Estonia. 1220. Keila Michael's Church. Keila Harjumaa's largest medieval church in the rural church, which was probably built soon after the exposure to the Danish king North Estonian. Harju County Museum. Keila Harjumaa Museum is located and operates jõepargis19th Keila dated the beginning of the century manor house. Manor, about 100 metersaway are the ruins of a medieval fortress in Keila. Keila Michael's Church 412 144 people live in Tallinn. Most of the people are funny and nice. Estonian people You can climb St olaf´s church tower in Tallinn,see theb city view in front of you. You can explore the caves at Piusa where thousands of bats travel to hibernate every autumn. Have a smoke sauna. Visit the land of the Seto people. Piusa Caves
made Earl of Hereford, from 1067, and it was the southernmost of a chain of castles built along the English-Welsh border in the Welsh Marches. The castle ruins are Grade I listed as at 6 December 1950 Chester castle In the City of Chester near the Racecourse and River, on the border with Wales. The remains of Chester castle stand on a low hill within a bend of the River Dee, just a stones-throw from the border with Wales. Although this once-mighty fortress has been obscured by newer buildings there is still enough of the ancient fabric left to entertain the interested visitor.
· First town in Karelian lands · Importance declined after rise of Novgorod · Major trading centre, existed already 753 in 10th Century, subjugated to Novgorod CE after period of Swedish Earldom in 11th · Earliest Arab coins from 786 CE Century, regressed from town into a mere · Controlled trade along Volkhov and was fortress major East/West hub · Burnt in 860 possibly in domestic strides of · Ladoga/Volkhov route started Rørik and other old Dukes. substituting Daugava route in 7th Century · Attempt to conquer by Swedes 1164 · Exact population composition unknown, · Burnt in 1313 by Swedes
What are the benefits of factory work? A factory or manufacturing plant is an industrial building where workers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another. Most modern factories have large warehouses -like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production. Typically, factories gather and concentrate resources: workers, capital and plant. One Benefits of factory work is that , the maschinery makes everything and people, don't have to do ,so much , only controll : is everything working and is everything allright. Factory work benefits is also that , factors make mass productions and thats better than exlusive productions because , mass productions are much cheaper that , exlusive and unique productions. Also become mass productions ready much faster than unique productions and you can make , more productions because machines don't fatigue . . Second Benefits on ...
capital Tallinn. Tartu is often considered the intellectual and cultural hub, especially since it is home to Estonia's oldest and most renowned university.Situated 186 km southeast of Tallinn, the city is the centre of southern Estonia. The Emajõgi river, which connects the two largest lakes of Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport. Tartu was the place where the northsouth road going above the major waterwaysriver.Thought to be the sixth8.Here is the hill fortress built centuries. In Tartu live 82268 Estonians, 15998 Russians, 1214 Finns, 491 Belorussians, 141 Jews, 140 Poles, 124 Germans, 109 Latvians, 91 Lithuanians, 81 Tatars and 673 other nationality people. Mostly known as a university town, Tartu is also a site of heavy industry. In the beginning of the 21st century, many IT enterprises and other hightech companies have taken a foothold in Tartu. Notable examples include Playtech Estonia, Webmedia, Tarkon, Regio and Raintree Estonia.
10B Unit 1 vocabulary fence tara, piirdeaed fibreglass klaaskiud abandon hülgama, maha jätma fitted kohaldatud, sisseehitatud absent from puuduv, äraolev fortress kindlus accuse of süüdistama from scratch nullist alates accustomed to harjumuspärane fuel bill kütte arve active toimekas, aktiivne fully furnished täielikult möbleeritud adventurous seiklushimuline guard rail käsipuu airy õhurikas harsh karm
In 1991 to Hollywood - taught classes at Beverly Hills Preparatory School. 1993 - english teacher 1996 a full-time writer journolist Works CDs SynthAnimals, a children's album Perspective, 1990, Dalliance. Music CD Dan Brown, 1993, DBG Records Angels & Demons, 1994, DBG Records Musica Animalia, 2003, a children's CD comprising 15 tracks songs portraying animals in poem & song Novels Digital Fortress, 1998 Angels & Demons, 2000 Deception Point, 2001 The Da Vinci Code, 2003 The Lost Symbol, 2009 Films The Da Vinci Code, 2006 Angels & Demons, 2009 Humor writing 187 Men to Avoid: A Survival Guide for the Romantically Frustrated Woman The Bald Book, 1998, co-written with his wife Blythe Brown. "Angels & Demons" Dan Brown 2000 bestselling mystery-thriller novel Pocket Books stylistic literary elements : conspiracies of secret societies, a
meaning of the name is debated. It is usually thought to be derived from "Taani- linn(a)" (meaning "Danish-castle/town"; Latin: Castrum Danorum) after the Danes built the castle in place of the Estonian stronghold at Lindanisse. However, it could also have come from "tali-linna" ("winter-castle/town"), or "talu-linna" ("house/farmstead-castle/town"). The element -linna, like Germanic -burg and Slavic -grad / -gorod, originally meant "fortress" but is used as a suffix in the formation of town names.
Ilmalik laul 16. sajandil Itaalia ilmalik laul ja instrumentaalmuusika Josquin Desprez - Frottola 'El Grillo' (Ritsikas) Orlando di Lasso - Madrigal 'Matona mia cara' (Minu armas daam) Renessanssiaegne tantsumuusika Itaaliast - 'Saltarella' Hilisrenessansi kirikumuusika Reformatsioon Martin Luther - Koraal 'Ein Feste Burg ist unser Gott' (Üks kindel linn ja varjupaik), ingliskeelne versioon 'A Mighty Fortress is our God' Rooma koolkond Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina - 'Missa Papae Marcelli' (Paavst Marcelluse missa), I osa 'Kyrie' Veneetsia koolkond Giovanni Gabrieli - 15-häälne kontsert 'Salvator noster' (Meie päästja) BAROKK Barokkooperi algusaastad Claudio Monteverdi - ooper 'Orpheus', avamäng Claudio Monteverdi - ooper 'Orpheus', Orpheuse aaria 'Possente spirto' (Oo jumalad, allilma valitsejad) Barokkajastu instrumentaalmuusika
Luckily, some important old churces like Temple Church are still standing. One of the most interesting things to see there is St Paul's Cathedral. It is 110 metres high. If you climb to the top of it, you'll see a wonderful view of London. The oldest building in the City is the historic White Tower, which was built by William the Conqueror in 1078. The whole group of buildings and towers is called the Tower of London. The Tower has a long, interesting history. It was a fortress, a royal palace and a prison. Many important prisoners have been executed there. Some say, that the ghosts of Anne Boleyn, Lady Jane Gray and others now live there. Nobody knows when the ravens came to the Tower of London, but an old legend says that if the ravens leave, the kingdom will fall. Today eight ravens live there, and each one has a name. No one wants the ravens to leave, so some feathers are taken away from their wings so they can't fly. At night they sleep
Estonia, crosses Tartu. The city is served by Tartu Airport. Tartu is also the seat of the Estonian University of Life Sciences, the Baltic Defence College, Estonian Aviation Academy , and the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research. Other notable institutions include the Supreme Court of Estonia (re-established in Tartu in autumn 1993), the Estonian Historical Archives and Estonian national theatre Vanemuine. Historical names of the town include Tarbatu,an Estonian fortress founded in the 5th century,Yuryev named c. 1030 by Yaroslav I the Wise, and Dorpat as first known by the German crusaders in the 13th century. Since Estonia regained its independence in 1991, the old town centre is being renovated. Notably, St. John's church, in ruins since World War II, has been restored. Pärnu Pärnu is a city in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Riga in the Baltic Sea. It is a popular summer vacation resort with many hotels,
TOOMPEA CASTLE Toompea Castle is a castle on Toompea hill Perched on a limestone cliff and towering over the rest of the city Time has been generous to Toompea castle -the well-protected fortress has been almost impregnable Location History Story of rulers and power in Estonia As times and rulers changed so did power and mentalities Today, we can find here buildings mostly dating from 3 periods: - the medieval order's stronghold with its impressive western wall and towers - the Russian-era government administration building with a facade representing classical styles and opening onto Castle Square
periods: the medieval order’s stronghold with its impressive western wall and towers, the most well-known of which is the tower of Tall Herman; the Russian-era government administration building with a facade representing classical styles and opening onto Castle Square; and the building of the Riigikogu, which originates from the time of the First Republic of Estonia and is hidden behind the walls of the castle Time has been generous to Toompea castle. The well-protected fortress has been almost impregnable. It has been spared big fires and, even more importantly, the palace has always had its masters. Being a centre of power also meant that the best master builders and architects of their time worked here. In the second decade of the last century the Estonians had, for the first time in their history, the opportunity to build up a state of their own. By that time, the image of Toompea as a centre of
HAAPSALU By Marika Form 7 HAAPSALU Seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia Administrative centre of Lääne County Population - 11,618 Tallinn 100 km away White Lady Western Region Administrative Centre Area - 10,59 km2 HISTORY The German Knights of the Sword conquered this region in 1224, and Haapsalu became the bishop's residence, with a fortress and cathedral built soon afterwards. The Danes took control during the Livonian War then the Swedish had their turn in the 17th century, but they lost it to the Russians during SYMBOLS Flag-blue and white, the flag is confirmed on 27 September 1994 Coat of arms- of the 27th confirmed September 1994 NATURE A few rivers and lakes A lot of deciduous trees and coniferous trees Lakes- Vaikeviik lake Rivers- Asuküla Main Ditch Haapsalu Bay FAMOUS PEOPLE Kaia Kanepi - tennis player
every five years in TallinnIn Estonia Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May and Father's Day on the second Sunday in November. Main sights Dome Church (Toomkirik) Estonia's oldest church, Dome Church (Toomkirik) was founded in the early 13th century by the earliest Danish conquerors of the region. It stands on Toompea hill which, with its fine views over the town and harbour, became the birthplace of Tallinn when the German Knights of the Sword built a fortress here around 1230. Main sights Oleviste Church Near the end of Pikk tänav stands a chief Tallinn landmark, the Oleviste Church . This is a great place to start any Tallinn expedition as there's a superb observation deck, halfway up its 124m structure offering the city's best views of the Old Town (it's a long and narrow climb up, though). My Birthplace Kuressaare weather Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. Estonia first competed as a nation at the
Old Tallinn Old Town, a medieval walled city filled with old buildings and fortifications. The sheltered bay and the easily defended Toompea Hill made it a natural place to settle. Sometime about 1050 A.D. a fortress was built atop the hill, the first of many. In 1219 the Danes showed up as part of the Northern Crusade to subjugate the Baltics and convert the local pagans to Christianity whether they wanted to or not. The Danes improved the fortifications and expanded the town, which became part of the Hanseatic League, a trading organization of a hundred northern cities. The Danes sold Tallinn to the Livonan Order, a branch of the Teutonic Knights, in 1346. The Swedes came next in 1561
The name short foot was first mentioned in 1353, the name brev is mons in latin. Short foot is a street between Rataskaevu street and Long foot in the old town of Tallinn. The name that is used nowadays was translated from german by anton thor helle and it is Lühike jalg. Pikk jalg (lit. long leg/foot), One of the oldest streets in Tallinn, previously known as Strantstrasse (beach road) (1362); Pikk jalg (long-leg) is a steep narrow road which was once the only way into the fortress. It runs from Pikk in the lower town right up to Lossi plats and the Nevsky cathedral. A couple of cafes in the old houses along Pikk jalg offer excellent views and genuine ambience, as well as plenty of caffeine to help you up the hill. The gate tower at the end dates from around 1380. Because of the names short and long Tallinn is sometimes called a limping city. Short Leg is also sometimes called street-stairs, because it is made completely out of stairs.
The first narrow-gauge railway in Estonia was opened in 5th of October 1896 between Pärnu and Valga. In 1897 the railway reached Viljandi and in 1900 Tallinn. The supply railway was owned by the private company. In 1923 the supply railway was nationalized; after that it was joined with the Estonian Railway in 1926. Estonia developed its narrow-gauge railway network as an important economy factor: in 1939 its total lenght was 909 km. In 1913 there was started a construction of naval fortress railways network both on islands of West-Estonia and Tallinn area. The network was not completely complete until the most lines were closed in 1920. Liiva-Vääna line was given to Estonian Railway and the networks on Paljassaar, Naissaar and Aegna went in the hands of Estonian military forces. Estonia began to build railways, the 1868th year. The first, the 1870th The Tallinn-Paldiski- Tosno line. before, 1876. Tapa-Tartu railway was opened, the 1889 Valga-finished line of Pskov.
Scottish monarchs. · The thistle, the floral emblem of Scotland, also features in Scottish & British heraldry through symbols, logos, coat of arms and on British currency. · The Honours of Scotland, the Scottish Crown Jewels, are displayed in the Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle, from where they are removed only for State Occasions. SCOTLAND'S BIGGEST TOURIST ATTRACTIONS Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland from its position on the Castle Rock. The oldest building in the castle, and in Edinburgh, is the small St. Margaret's Chapel. One of the few 12th-century structures surviving in any Scottish castle,[38] it dates from the reign of King David I (r.11241153), who built it as a private chapel for the royal family and dedicated it to his mother, Saint Margaret of Scotland, who died in the castle in 1093.
Capable of seating 50,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. As well as the gladiatorial games, other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.It has been estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million wild animals died in the Colosseum games.Although in the 21st century it stays partially ruined due to damage caused by devastating earthquakes and stone- robbers, the Colosseum is an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and its breakthrough achievements in earthquake engineering. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions
Airways London Eye or Millennium Wheel, as it is also known which is the largest observation wheel in the world. On a clear day you can see as far as 25 miles which is far enough to see the sea in the east. We will end our day in the Tower of London which is one of the world's most famous fortresses and has been a royal palace, a prison, a place of execution,an armory and even a zoo. Constructed over 900 years ago by William the Conqueror, the Tower of London has a rich history. This fortress was expanded by many medieval kings and is a grand structure used by Royals through the years as a refuge and powerbase. Sunday On sunday we will go at first to St. James's Park. St. James's Park is both the oldest and smallest of London's parks, built by Henry VIII in 1536. The righthand side will be the Cabinet War Rooms. The Churchill War Rooms played host to Winston Churchill and his wartime government during the dark days of World War II. Safe
A limestone cliff runs through the city. It is exposed, for instance, at Toompea and Lasnamäe. However, Toompea is not a part of the cliff, but a separate hill. Coastline is 46 kilometres long.The highest point of Tallinn, at 64 meters above the sea level, is situated in the district of Nõmme, in the south-west of the city. The first human steps, that archeologists found, are about 5000 years old. Tallinn`s first fortress was built in Toompea, in 1050. As an important port for trade between Russia and Scandinavia, it became a target for the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and the Kingdom of Denmark during the period of Northern Crusades in the beginning of the 13th century when Christianity was forcibly imposed on the local population. Danish rule of Tallinn and Northern Estonia started in 1219. In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League - a military alliance
..........................................11 Introduction I chose the Tallinn's Seaplane Harbour because of its secluded nature combined with great value. I want know to why it was forgotten for such a long time, what makes it unique and what are the future plans concerning this architectural wonder. History Early History At the end of 1913, research work commenced on constructing an airfield which was to be built as part of the Peter the Great's sea fortress (nowadays Patarei). For this purpose, 6,000 square fathoms of land was appropriated a couple of hundred meters in the direction of Paljassaare. The construction of Noblessner's shipyard had already begun on the adjacent plot and pursuant to the basic principles and plans of Tallinn's fortifications as approved by Nikolai II in 1911; the plan foresaw the construction of two identical and adjacent hangar complexes. At the beginning of
the east. It was built to keep the Caledonians of Scotland out of England. Windsor Castle, which is one of the official residents of British monarch, is located in the English country of Berkshire. It is the largest in habited castle in the world and the oldest in continuous occupation, since it dates back to the time of William the Conqueror. The castle’s area is approximately 484,000 square feet (44, 955 square metres). The castle has been garrison fortress, home, official palace and sometimes prison for most of the Kings and Queens of England/Great Britain. During the war, the castle has been heavily fortified but when country has been in peace, it has been expanded with large and grand apartments and this pattern has continued nowadays. The White Cliffs of Dover is one of England’s most famous natural landmarks. The cliffs were formed over 80 million years ago. They are a part of British coastline facing France and the Strait of Dover
of Edinburgh from its position atop Castle Rock. It is Scotland's second most visited tourist attraction. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century BC. As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. The Governor of Edinburgh Castle is Major General
Schwerin and Kiel in Germany, Stockholm and Malmö in Sweden, Gent in Belgium, Venice in Italy and Odessa in the Ukraine. 2. Toompea For centuries Toompea was always inhabited by the ruling classes. In the Middle ages, it was the place where the bishops and the nobility resided. Here the landed gentry built their beautiful town houses. Most of the remaining buildings were erected after the big fire on Toompea in 1684. Historically, the fortress on Toompea consisted of two parts : the small fortress (today's Toompea Castle) and the big fortress (The rest of Toompea). Pikk Hermann is the best-known corner tower among the three surviving ones of Toompea Castle. It is 46 metres high and serves as one of Estonia's landmarks. Tall Hermann was a traditional name given to the main towers of German castles. After the 50-year long Soviet occupation, the Estonian
It has been used as a fortification for over 2,000 years - there was a hill fort there in the time of the Romans. The earliest known inhabitants of this part of the world were the Votadini (also known as the Gododdin, whose language was an early form of Welsh). Their bard Aneurin sang the praises of Din Eidyn (Dunedin or fortress on a slope) in the 6th century. After a raid into the territory of the Angles by King Mynyddog Mwynfawr and a defeat at Catterick in Yorkshire around AD 600, the area was subsequently captured by the Angles from the south in 638. They did not leave until about 300 years later. But the area we now know as Lothian was not captured and held by Malcolm II until after the Battle of Carham in 1018. WALES Capital: Cardiff Flag:
A year later the Greek army defeated the Persians and rebuilt temples. Between the years 467 until 404 BC, the building was completed. In 1834 Athens became the capital of Greece, King Otto set the Acropolis as a protected archaeological buildings. Acropolis restored in 1975. Alhambra Is the name of a palace complex at the same time a magnificent castle of the sons ummayyah caliphate in Granada, southern Spain (known as Al-Andalus when the fortress was founded), which covers the hills in the border city of Granada. The palace was built as a residence caliph and his princes.
historic settlement of Greenwich and the Royal Botanic Gardens. Westminster Abbey is mainly Gothic church. It served as a cathedral from 1546 1556. It is the traditional place of burial site for English monarchs . It is Located next to the Houses of Parliament. The tower of London is on the north bank of the River Thames. The tower as a whole is a complex of several buildings. The tower's primary function was a fortress, a royal palace, and a prison. It has also served as a place of execution and torture, an armoury, a treasury, a zoo, the Royal Mint, a public records office, an observatory, and since 1303, the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom. London also has many beautiful bridges, parks and churches. The oldest is the London Bridge, which was originally made from wood. In 1209 it was replaced by a stone bridge. That followed with a granite bridge in 1831 and the present bridge in 1973.
Test 13 1 Translate. 1 Minu lemmiklill on maikelluke. My favourite flower is the lily of the valley. 2 Eesti rahvuslikud sümbolid on suitsupääsuke ja rukkilill. The Estonian national symbols are the barnswallow and the cornflower. 3 See kindlus on pärit 15. sajandist. This fortress dates from the 15th century. 4 Saaremaal on palju tuuleveskeid. There are lots of windmills on Saaremaa. 5 Eesti pinnas ei ole väga rammus. Estonian soil is not very rich. 6 Kas sa oled käinud paekivi muuseumis Porkunis? Have you been to the limestone museum in Porkuni? 7 Raekoja plats The Town Hall Square 8 millegagi võrdlema compare sth with sth 2 Write the questions. 1 in / longest / What / Estonia / is / the / river What is the longest river in Estonia?
British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. Its head is the Sovereign of the United Kingdom (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and its seat is the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, one of the Boroughs of the British capital - London. Tower of London The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. St. Paul`s Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral, London, is an Anglican cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and
It towers about 30-40 metres above the surrounding areas. According to the legend, its the tumulus moundn over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone by his grieving wife Linda. While we don’t want to question this wonderful theory, there is an alternative version which says that Toompea is just a naturally formed limestone hill. ● It’s the birthplace of Tallinn - in 1229, the Knights of the Sword built a fortress - Toompea castle. It’s the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today it’s the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu. ● Tall Hermann is one of the towers around the Toompea Castle. It’s 49-metres high watch-tower from the year 1371. Viewing platform, to get on top you must take 215 steps. Whoever’s flag is on top of this tower is the ruler of Estonia. (There have been German and Soviet flags)
Another Symbol of London is the Trafalgar square, which was named after Nelson's vicotry over Napoleon at Trafalgar. The statue on top is about 5m high and shows Nelson without on arm and eye. Near the Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery, where you can see paintings from Rubens to Van Gogh. Big Ben and the houses of parliament are known to everyone. The building stands on the north bank of the river and is most known symbol of UK. The tower of london is a fortress built by William the Conqueror. It is guarded by Beefeaters and the ravens. There is a legend which says that if one of the eight ravens left, the tower would fall. The crown yewels are held there. Tower bridge is a bridge near the Tower of London. It is on the river Thames. It's a draw bridge, which can be raised to let the ships pass through. Westminister Abbery is one of the oldesr and most beautiful buildings in London. It is the religious centre of the country
That ensured more settlers to come to New France. Still, by 1700, New France was not a great farming colony like the King had wanted and France didn't also have money or the time to spend on that colony. France and Britain didn't have good relations; they fought over colonies, fur trade and religion. In 1756 Seven Years' War started between them. The British colonists wanted new farmland and French fur traders had forts, which they refused to move. By 1758, the British had conquered the French fortress of Louisbourg at the entrance of the St. Lawrence River. This was the beginning of the end for French rule in North America. In September 1759, the British attacked the French on the Plains of Abraham and won. The following spring they also conquered Montreal. The British renamed the new French-speaking region Quebec. They allowed the French to keep their Roman Catholic religion, civil law system and language, so that they would not try to break away from Britain.
colony. The Struggle for Power France and Britain didn't have good relations. France and Britain were the most important countries in Europe at that time. They fought mostly over colonies and the fur trade. Difference in religion also caused tensions. In 1756 the Seven Years War broke out between France and Britain. They fought over colonies and areas in that war. By 1758 the British had captured the French fortress of Louisbourg. It was an important position for the British to acquire because it guarded the entrance of the St. Lawrence river. This marked the beginning of the end for French rule in North America. In 1759 a famous battle on the Plains of Abraham just outside of Quebec City was fought. Yhe British were victorious and on the following spring they conquered the last French stronghold Montreal. At the present day more than five million French-speaking peole live in the Quebec province
annaabi.ee 
