Rahulikult reisi jätkav „Titanic“ ja pidutsenud reisijad ei osanud midagi karta ja aimata, mis neid ees ootab. Enne kui ”Titanic” põrkas kokku jäämäega. (pildil oletatav jäämägi 5 päeva hiljem, mis põhjustas „Titanicu“ huku) Peale kokkupõrget uuriti laeva vigastusi ja kapten jõudis järeldusele, et laeva vigastused on suured ning laeva ei ole võimalik päästa. Kapten pidi tegema otsuse, kuidas edasi toimida. Silmapiirilt oli näha ”Caledonia” tulesid. Kapten palus telegrafistil saata SOS signaal, et nad tuleksid neile appi. Aga mingil põhjusel ei saanud ”Titanic” neid kätte, et teavitada neid juhtunud õnnetusest. ”Caledonia” telegrafist oli magama läinud ja keegi teine ei osanud sellest teatest abipalvet välja lugeda. Siin näeme teist suurt eksimust. ”Caledonia” laeval oli ainult üks töötaja, kes oskas lugeda raadiovastuvõtjasse tulnud teateid ja neid saata
2010 Commonwealth of Australia Capital Canberra Political federation. Head of the state Queen Elizabeth II. Head of the government Julia Gillard. Offical language none. National language - english. Physical geography A continent, an island and a country. Southern Hemisphere. Total area 2,941,299 sq mi. Lowest point Lake Eyre Highest point Mount Kosciuszko Neighbours : Indonesia East Timor Papua New Guinea Vanuatu Solomon Islands Ned Caledonia New Zealand Mount Kosciuszko (2228 m) Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level
Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the territory, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind. The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now broadly England, Wales and the Scottish Lowlands, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. To the north was territory not governed by the Romans -- Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past increases it has become apparent that some developments were earlier and more advanced than previously thought, and that the seaways were very important to Scottish history. Because of the geographical orientation of Scotland and its strong reliance on trade routes
Scotland Overview Flag-Saltire Royal Standard of Scotland Edinburgh, Glasgow First Minister Alex Salmond 78,387km² 5,222,100 St Andrew History Picts (Celtic tribe) Romans named scotland Caledonia The Scots Queen Mary was forced to abdicate the Scottish throne in 1567. National Symbols Thistle Declaration of Arbroath Tartan Bagpipes Kilt Honours of Scotland Crown, Sword and sceptre are from late fifteenth and early sixteenth century. Crown was made in 1540. Pope Julius II presented the sword to King James IV in 1507. The sceptre was made in 1494 and was presented to King James IV by Pope Alexander VI
ekspordipartneriteks on Prantsusmaa 66,3%. · 1996. aastal vastuvõetud seaduse järgi on prantsuse keel ainus riigikeel, tahiiti ja teisi keeli võib kasutada. · 2007. aastal läbiviidud küsitluse järgi 68,5% elanikkonnast räägib kodus prantsuse keelt. Sama uuringu tulemusel 94,7% üle 15 aastasi inimesi vastas, et nad oskavad rääkida ja kirjutada prantsuse keeles. · 1774. aastal jõudis James Cook Uus Kaledonia saarele(Nouvelle-Calédonie). Ta nimetas selle New Caledonia, sest see meenutas talle Sotimaad. 1853 aastal kuulutati Uus- Kaledoonia Prantsusmaa valduseks. 1860ndatel aastatel saadeti ~22000 kurjategijat ja poliitilist vangi Uus- Kalidooniasse. · Ametlikuks riigikeeleks on prantsuse keel. Tänapäeval räägitakse prantsuse keelt isegi väiksemates külades. 2009 aastal läbiviidud uurigu järgi 97,3% elanikkonnast oskab rääkida, lugeda ja kirjutada prantsuse keeles. Valdavalt valitseb euroopa kultuur. Pindala: 18 575,5 km²
• Boswell Johnson – really famous author, the ancestor of Joe. • Napoleon Bonaparte – a relative of French Joe, lietutenant of artillery • Russians + Prussians – Joe fougth against them in French army • Hospital Nurse PLACES: • Thursday Island in Torres Straits – where he went + Joe's final destination • Sydney – where he came from • Shika Maru – last stop before Thursday Island • New Caledonia – prison, where Joe was. • Melbourne – where he fleed the boat • New Guinea – where he went to live after Melbourne STORY: Thursday Island is the last place God ever made. People in Sydney told me not to go, because there was nothing to see and I should get my throat cut. He had come up from Sydney in a Japanese tramp. He arrived in he middle of the night and one of the sailors told him that if he turned left he should
Solomon Islands Geography The Solomon Islands lie northeast of Australia in the South Pacific Ocean. They are part of a long chain of archipelagos called Melanesia, which stretches from Papua New Guinea in the north to New Caledonia and Fiji in the south. Second largest in the Melanesian chain, the Solomon Islands archipelago covers approximately 310,000 square miles (803,000 square kilometers) of ocean and consists of 10,639 square miles (27,556 square kilometers) of land. There are a total of 992 islands in the Solomon Islands History When Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira visited the Solomon Islands in 1568, he found some gold at the mouth, he erroneously thought that this could be one
Tribe – Hõim Villa – Villa Etc – Jne HADRIAN’S WALL 6 .Ülesanne Kehtestama – Led Kaitse – Defense Tähistama – Victory Piir – Limits Täiendama – Supplemented Kraav – Diatch Muldvall – earthwork Piirama,Kitsendama – restricted Vahemaa – Intervals Oskustööline – Craftsmen Kaupmees – Traders Muljet avaldav , mõjukas – impressive 7.Ülesanne 1 . Britain Julius met in worth two great celtic tribes,the Brigantes and the Picts. 2. Caledonia is present – day Scotland it was wild mountains country and the people was Roman way of life . 3. Empreror Hadrian understood that it was impossible to introduce the northen people to the Roman way of life . 4. The emperor therefore ordered to build a great defensive wall wich would mark the northen limits of his empire and reparate the Romans from the Barbanians. 5. Hadrian’s wall was 208 kilometers long , six meters high , tree meters wide 6
kritiseeris. Jaanuaris 205 süüdistas Caracalla oma äia reetmises ja see hukati. Seejärel oli mõnda aega prefektiks Rooma tolleaegne tunnustatuim jurist Aemilius Papinianus (142- 212), keda Severus usaldas. Sügisel 202 korraldas Severus sõjalise kampaania kindlustamaks Põhja-Aafrika valdusi nomaadide rünnakute eest. Aastal 208 kindlustas ta Britannia põhjaosa ja taastas Antoninuse müüri mõneks ajaks. Caledonia täielik vallutamine ei olnud roomlaste mõttes karmi looduse tõttu võimalik, aga Severus oli kõigest hoolimata sõjaliselt suhteliselt edukas. Paraku ei saatnud edu teda tervise osas. Külm ja niiske Britannia sai saatuslikuks ning Severus suri veebruaris 211 Eboracumi (York) linnas. 2 Caesar Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Pius Augustus (188-8.04.217) Rohkem tuntud kui Caracalla. Sündis Lugdunumi (Lyon) linnas Gallias.
Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the country, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind.People lived in Scotland for at least 8,500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. The written history of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. To the north was territory not governed by the Romans -- Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past increases it has become apparent that some developments were earlier and more advanced than previously thought, and that the seaways were very important to Scottish history Loch In Scotland, the word "loch" is used to describe any large,
New Zealand New Zealand is an island country. It is in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main island, North- and the South Island with lots of smaller islands. New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation. It's about 1,600 kilometers from Australia and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. New Zealand's total land area is 268,021 square kilometers. The country extends more than 1600 kilometers along its main,north - north-east axis and has about 15,000 kilometers of coastline. The South Island is the largest land mass of New Zealand and is divided along its lenght by the Southern Alps and the highest mountain Mount Cook is 3,754 meters high. There are 18 peaks over 3000 meters in the South Island. The highest North Island mountain
Viimaseks iseseisvujaks oli Belau, kes saavutas omariikluse 1994.a. Kasutatud kirjandus Bennetts, P., & Wheeler, T. (2001). Time & tide: the islands of Tuvalu. Lonely planet. Burke, A., McKinnon, R., Barkhordarian, A., Dorney, S., & Flannery, T. (2005). Papua New Guinea & Solomon Islands. Lonely planet. Dodge, E. S. (1965). New England and the South Seas. Cambridge: Harvard university press. Harewood, J., Chinula, T., & Talbot, V. (2006). Vanuatu & New Caledonia. Lonely planet. Langer, F. (2009). Sinine kontinent. GEO , 114. Rammus, R. (1982). Muutuv maailm. Austraalia. Okeaania. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat. Smitz, P., & Farfor, S. (2006). Samoan Island & Tonga. Lonely planet.
In the 1st c. BC the Roman Empire began to make contact with Britain (wine, pottery, small bronze statues) Julius Caesar's first raid was in 55 BC (the troops were afraid of the sea crossing) In the following year he invaded again, this time he marched inland In AD 43 the Emperor Claudius decided the full-scale invasion (army of 40,000 men) The Roman occupation lasted nearly 400 years. They couldnt conquer Scotland or as they called it caledonia, and so they built a strong wall along the northern border, named after the Emperor Hadrian who planned it. (70 miles or 117km long) The army established Roman Rule in the South and SW of the country. Permanent military forts were established in Wales, but the tribes remained difficult to subdue. The Romans started to build good roads, appointed officials (governors, procurators to look
landmasses (the North Island and the South Island), and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Mori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. Population (1998): 3,801,000.New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation; it is situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and the mammals they introduced.The majority of New Zealand's population is of European descent; the indigenous Mori are the largest minority. Asians and non-Mori Polynesians are also significant minority groups, especially in urban areas. The most commonly spoken language is English.New Zealand is a developed
Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the territory, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind. The written history of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now broadly England and Wales and the Scottish Lowlands, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. To the north was territory not governed by the Romans -- Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past increases it has become apparent that some developments were earlier and more advanced than previously thought, and that the seaways were very important to Scottish history.
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capital-Colchester Finally Boudicca was defetated, she poisoned herself to avoid capture Hadrian´s wall A defensive barrier builtin 122 AD by Roman emperor Hadrian to guard the northern part of Britain against barbarian invaders Most imposing frontier of Roman Empire, controlling peoples mobements Building took several years, builders kept changing minds about the size 119 km lenght, 5m high, 3m deep The Picts, Caledonia The painted ones, northern tribes, part of the Scots Inhabited an area known as eastern and th western Scotland, until 10 c Mysteriously disappeared Constantly fought with Romans Teir country- Caledonia- Pictland The Scots, Hibernia Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede
the Roman empire. Hadrian's Wall was built, beginning in 122, to keep Roman Britain safe from hostile attacks from the Picts. The wall stretched from the North Sea to the Irish Sea. In addition to the wall, the Romans built a system of small forts called milecastles. Sixteen larger forts holding from 500 to 1000 troops were built into the wall, with large gates on the north face. To the south of the wall the Romans dug a wide ditch with high earth banks. *The Picts, Caledonia The Romans called Scotland 'Caledonia' because the dominant tribe of Picts they encountered was the Calidonii. Romans thought they were barbarian savages, but actually they had an advanced, cultured society. There was no slavery amongst them and women for instance had a higher standing than in Roman society. The Picts fought the Romans. The Picts- ,,The Painted Ones"- spoke Pict-Celtic. *The Scots, Hibernia In early medieval times Ireland was known by the name "Hibernia".
leidnud et Panama maakitsus oleks väga hea koloonia – transiitkaubanduse idee, mis pidi väga rikkaks tegema. Umbes 1/5 varadest Sotimaal investeeriti antud projekti. Ei arvestatud, et seal on ülimalt kehvad klimaatilised tingimused (epideemiad). Kogu projekt läks laiali ning suured võlad olid Sotimaal kaelas. Inglismaa pakkus raha ja vabakaubandustsooni (samad privileegid samuti). Koloonia „New Caledonia“ rajamine. James Cook avastas. Nimetas Uus-Kaledooniaks, kuna meenutas talle Sotimaad. Tihedam kontakt alates 1840, imporditi sandlipuud. Uniooni tingimused ja vastuvõtmine. Uniooni leping võeti vastu Inglismaal 1706, Sotimaal 1707. Hakkas kehtima 1.mail 1707. Soti parlament saadeti laiali ning sealt võeti 45 alamkoja ja 16 ülemkoja saadikut Inglismaa parlamenti. Sotimaa võttis endale vastu ka Inglise õigussüsteemi, jäi püsima aga ka nende enda oma
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