Arabesk taimorlament Kreebu greip Pseudonüüm varjunimi Arhaism vananenud sõna Kreedo tõeks pidamine Põõsaalune hunt Arhasim vanapärane Kuusikuätt karu Põõsaalune-mutt keelend Kuvar ekraan Põõsatagune - põuane Asjur asja ajaja Kõder-karu Pädev kompetentne Barbarism vahendsõna Kõiv kask Pürgima püüdlema Bestseller menuraamat Kõurik raskesti kasvatatav Reivik rivaal Bestseller menuteos laps Rend-joonis Briifing infotund Künnis lävepakk Retuusid reiud Buklet voldik Laptop sülearvuti Rula ratastega laud Deklamaator etleja Leksika sõnavara Rupskid looma siseelundid
keelesugulus: rühm keeli on ajaloolise arengu tulemusel kujunenud ühest algkeelest, mida räägiti algkodus lingua franca: keel , mida kasutavad omavahelises suhtluses rahvad, kes ei räägi ühist keelt (inglise,vene keel ) pidzin:keel, mis kujuneb välja suhtlemisvahendina.. võõrsõna: keeles mugavnemata laensõna( võõrad kultuurijooned) f;s, z /alguses b,d,g tsitaatsõna: sõna, mida kirjutatakse või hääldatakse vastavalt keele kombekohaselt, mis erineb eesti omast( nt : happy end ) barbarism: võõrapärane ja mittevajalik häälduskuju, sõna 2. Foneetika kui teadusharu puutepunktid : · füüsika (akustika) · patoloogia ( hääldus- kuuldeorganite vead) · füsialoogid ( häälikute moodustus) · psühholoogia ( häälikute vastuvõtt) · laulmine · retoorika Häälikusüsteemi jagunemine : · Konsonandid : kaashäälikud tagavad sujuvuse ja rütmi · vokaalid : täishäälikud tagavad kõlavuse, lihtsaimas vokaalsüsteemis i,a,u Läänemeresoome keeled :
by itself, tolerated). From the other side of view concerns regarding dogs that do have their owners, who (on the first place) should be responsible for their pets, clearly haven’t been mentioned in this case at all. I do find important (so as giving a gun allowance) to find out mental(first of all) and financial(for trainings, proper food, medical care etc) aspects of every future owner, to avoid issues when not just people but pets will be suffering from irresponsibility, barbarism and finally indifference of possible owners. Those aspects never (even nowadays) haven’t been fulfilled which is a huge loss and I would name it as a “loophole” of the EU law system. So far about dogs, but what would be the most effective juridical procedures? The owner of the PB&R business should definitely make a claim against the Member State’s actions that had provided restrictions to the local instances because there was no opportunity of reasonable 1 - http://www.greenpeace
2) klassifitseerivad süsteemid paigutab sugulased mingitesse klassidesse 1859 hakkas ta uurima seoseid erinevate ühiskondade sugulussüsteemide vahel Sugulusterminoloogiad ei peegelda alati bioloogilisi suhteid Sugulus on tema arvates ideaalse evolutsioonilise uurimise kese Ancient Society, 1877 kultuuriline evolutsioon jaguneb kolmeks: 1) Metslus ehk kütid-korilased 2) Barbarism ehk põllumajandusega tegelevad inimesed 3) Tsivilisatsioon ehk inimesed, kes rajavad riike ja linnu Elatusallikate suurenemine aitab liikuda ühest staadiumist teise, kuotuurilisel arengul on materiaalne alus 1840.1880 kokkuvõte: Tegeleti peamiselt 2 teemaga evolutsiooniliste skeemide väljaarendamine, terminoloogiliste aluste loomine (nt matrilineaarsus, patirlineaarsus, tabu) Uuriti sugulussüsteeme ja religioosseid uskumusi eri paigus
was and went on to explain how it should be. Criticism of Realist literary method. Denial of conventions (tava), traditional structure, plot and presentation of character. 3. Joseph Conrad and Literary Impressionism. New ways of presenting character and experience. Conrad's literary output. Lord Jim. Nostromo. Heart of Darkness and a critique of colonialism. Kurtz as Nietzsche's Superman. The darkness of human heart. Civilization and barbarism: which is which? Joseph Conrad and Literary Impressionism. Effect of light. Moments, very conscious of precious moments. Conrad: writer must do something like that on paper. Only by giving the impression can painter, writer can make people forget about their daily lives. New ways of presenting character and experience. Character is described as seen by other people. Impressionism in the description. Conrad's literary output -author suspects skepticism of the human condition.
Paronüümid kõlaliselt ja vormiliselt sarnased ning lähedase tähendusega sõnad, nt enamik enamus, enne ennem. Neologism uudissõna, nt majandussurutis. Arhaism vananenud sõna, nt triiphoone (kasvhoone). Võõrsõna mõnest teisest keelest meie keelde laenatud sõna, sisaldab võõrhäälikuid (s, z, z, f ja sõna alguses g, b, d). Laensõna võõraste keelest laenatud sõna, kuid meie keelde sobivaks muudetud, nt comics -> koomiks. Barbarism toorlaenud võõrkeelest, mis pole meie keelde kohandatud, nt cool, okay. VÕRDLUSASTMED: Algvõrre Keskvõrre Ülivõrre i-ülivõrre Pikk Pikem Kõige pikem Pikim Paks Paksem Kõige paksem Paksim Roosa Roosam Kõige roosam - FUNKTSIONAALSTIILID:
function of the terms changes. In fiction terms may be used to recreate a true-to-life atmosphere of some profession. E.g. Arthur Hailey "The Final Diagnosis", "The Airport". Secondly to suggest characters educational status, social backround. To create irony when describing the interest and hobbies of common people. Aldington "Death of a hero" describes uses of psychology terms. Lastly, for the sake of humour when terms are used instead of everyday words. Foreign words and barbarism Barbarisms are words from other languages borrowed into English but no assimilated to the full extent. However, registered in dictionaries. E.g. vacuum, bizarre, stiletto Foreign words and phrases are facts of other languages. They don't belong into English. E.g. mein Gott! Avanti (go ahead), soleil (sun), kummel (vodka). Appear in italics. The function: 1. to supply local colour writer is describing. E.g. spain and used Spanish. 2. suggest persons nationality 3. to suggest a social status 4
-age – suffrage, passage, baggage, carriage, vicarage, village, homage, marriage -ment – detainment, banishment, embodiment, excitement, ligament, treatment, ornament -mony – matrimony, testimony, ceremony, sanctimony, alimony -tude – longitude, latitude, fortitude, solitude o Greek -ism – criticism, organism, barbarism, racism, sexism, fascism, colloquialism Verb forming o There are four suffixes which derive verbs from other categories (mostly adjectives and nouns), -ate, -en, -ify, and –ize. -ate -en -ify -ise/ize 20. Infixes An infix is an affix that is inserted inside its base. They are rare in English and rather phonological than morphological phenomena
direct application the function of terms changes. In fiction terms are used in order to: · Reflect a true-to-life atmosphere of some profession · Indicate the character's educational status and background. · Create irony and humour. It happens when the terms are used in everyday context. Foreign words do not belong to English vocabulary; they are parts of another language. (Mein Gott, interessant, soleil) Barbarism belong to English vocabulary but they are nor assimilated (vacuum, stiletto, saga etc) Function: · To supply local colour · To suggest the person's nationality · To render the social status of the character · To convey the character's desire to be above the average (to show off) · To soften the utterances (understatement) · For the sake of humour, esp. when these words clash with colloquial ones. Archaic words are not used any more
Ühiskonnad kujunenud aja jooksul lihtsamatest keerulisemateks Paralleelselt keerulistega eksisteerivad lihtsamad ühiskonnad on maha jäänud. Kehtib nii majanduse ja tehnoloogia kohta kui viitab moraalsele, intellektuaalsele ja esteetilisele arengule. Šoti moraalifilosoofide skaalad Karjakasvatus Tööstus/kaubandus Küttimine ja korilus Põllupidamine Metslus Barbarism Tsivilisatsioon Arengutase Aeg Sotsiaalse evolutsooni teooria... ... andis õigustuse kolonialismile - Koloniseeritud rahvad ei suuda end oma alaarengu tõttu ise juhtida. Tõend nt rahvuse ja rahvusriigi puudumine. ...kohustasa koloniste arenemata ühiskondi aitama – nn Valge Mehe Koorem (Rudyard Kiplingi luuletus 1899)
jäänud, seega puudub ka arenguperspektiiv. Seevastu eurooplasi ootab ees helge tulevik ja aren jätkub. Kandis sellist mugandust üle ka meeste ja naiste arengusse ehk mehed paremini mugandunud naised kehvemini. Samuti kandis seda üle ka eliidile ja alamkihile. Ehk eliit areneb, alamkiht mõttetu ja kängu jäänud. Nimetatakse sotsiaal Darwinismiks ehk eliit võimekam ja parem, alamkihid geneetiliselt halvemad. Tylor sõnastas kolm ühiskonna tüüpi: metslus, barbarism (põlluharijad), tsivilisatsioon. Need omased kõigile rahvastele, kuid rahvad jõudnud erinevatele tasemetele. Tema arvates pole need, kes on arengus maha jäänud erinevad, vaid lihtsalt aeglasemalt arenevad. Igas kultuuris pärandatakse edasi kasulikud jooned ja mittekasulikud jooned jäetakse kõrvale(vahel püsivad kusagil kõrval ja läbi nende võimalik vanu ühiskondi kirjeldada). Religioon oli tema meelest looduse abitu seletamise üritus
tus. 2.2 Evolutsionism Evolutsionism e arenguõpetus kujunes välja 19. saj keskpaiku. See oli kantud ideest selgitada välja, millised etapid peab ühiskond läbima oma teel primitiivsest komp- leksseks, homogeensest heterogeenseks, irratsionaalsest ratsionaalseks. Oluline roll oli Ameerika antropoloogil L. H. Morganil: As it is undeniable that portions of the human family have existed in a state of savagery, other portions in a state of barbarism, and still other portions in a state of civilization, it seems equally so that these three distinct conditions are connected with each other in a natural as well as necessary sequence of progress (Ancient Society, 1877). Üldiselt kujutasid evolutsionistid inimkonna arengut ette lineaarselt. Siiski märgivad nii Morgan kui Tylor diffusionismi võimalikkust. Väärarvamus üldisest inimloomusest 13
T.S. Eliot. Southern renaissance. All of a sudden after the WWI, many quality writers appeared in the American South. South-Alabama, Florida and so on. It all began in Vanderbilt university, Nashville Tennesee, the Fugitive magazine was founded. It began publishing poems, essays by young southern writers, one collection of essays was I'll take my stand, it became the manifesto of southern agrerianism. the culture of the south should oppose the yankee barbarism of the north, the usual juxtaposition of the south and north. Most of these young authors grew up when the southern was rising from the Civil war. 1865, for 15 years the south was occupie by the northern army. Then the southern became the colony of the north 1870's the southern became poor and abandoned. The poverty dominated the minds of poeple for several decades, it is the atmosphere where the authors grew up. The first world war marks the transition. Southern school of American literature.
Heroes may suffer from an inflation of the ego. In other words, they get a swelled head. T h e y might turn cocky or arrogant. Perhaps they abuse the power and privilege of being a reborn hero. T h e i r self-esteem sometimes grows too large and distorts their perception of their real value. Heroes may be tainted by the very death or evil they came to fight. Soldiers fighting to preserve civilization may fall into the barbarism of war. Cops or detec tives battling criminals often cross the line and use illegal or immoral means, becom ing as bad as the criminals themselves. Heroes can enter the mental world of their opponents and get stuck there, like the detective in Manhunter who risks his soul to enter the twisted m i n d of a serial killer. Bloodshed and murder are powerful forces and may intoxicate or poison a hero. Peter O'Toole as Lawrence of Arabia shows us a man who, after the Ordeal of
and self-preservation not at issue, Henry L. Stimson closed Yardley's Black Chamber. Even though it was done at a time when the United States could afford it, the decision was a profoundly moral one, and it marched in the center rank of American belief. Was it soft-headed, unrealistic? No. Idealism is the ultimate realism. Ideas of truth and justice always eventually triumph. Mankind can learn. America's whole history shows this, as does humanity's ascent from barbarism. The growth of wisdom and morality—urged on in these present times by the very real danger of total annihilation—may some day lead mankind to beat its swords into plowshares. When it does, it will no longer need cryptanalysis, and will dismantle organizations like N.S.A. and the Spets- Otdel. Their nonexistence then will testify to a true peace on earth. And may such be their glorious destiny! Suggestions for Further Reading
annaabi.ee 
