Horatio Nelson Kadi Lilienthal 9b. klass Horatio Nelson His life Born: 29 September 1758 Place of birth: Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England Died: 21 October 1805 Place of death: Cape Trafalgar, Spain Allegiance: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Service/branch: Royal Navy Years of service: 17711805 Rank: Vice Admiral of the White His famous saying "England expects that every man will do his duty. " With these words Nelson successfully inspired his squadron before the Battle of Trafalgar, in 1805, during which he died Battles Battle of Cape St Vincet Battle of the Nile Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Battle of Copenhagen Battle of Trafalgar
but the british Commonwealt consist sovereign states and only small part has the queen as head of the country, almostly for all the queen as head of the Commonwealth 7. What is meant by ,,the British commonwealth" and ,,the modern commonwealth"? British Commonwealth refers to the Imperial British Empire which ended in 1949. a new union defined as ,,freely and equally associated states" was created, Before 1949 all commonwealth dominions were united by a common allegiance to the british crown Then, in 1949, Commonwealth prime minister issued the London declaration, which changed membership in the Commonwealth from one based on common allegiance to the British Crown to one in which members agree to recognize the British monarch as the head of the Commonwealth. It is the modern commonwealth. 8. How many countries are members of the Commonwealth today? 53 countries 9. What are the 3 different types of countries?(give at least one example of each)
• The current Prime Minister is David Cameron, who has been in office since 11 May 2010 Military • The armed forces of the United Kingdom/Her Majesty's Armed Forces— consist of three professional service branches: the Royal Navy and Royal Marinesthe British Army and the Royal Air Force • The Commander-in-Chief is the British monarch, Elizabeth II, to whom members of the forces swear an oath of allegiance • The UK is an active and regular participant in NATO and other coalition operations • Britain remains one of five recognised nuclear powers, with a total of 225 nuclear warheads Royal Navy • The Royal Navy is a technologically sophisticated naval force, and as of April 2015 consists of 77 commissioned ships • The Surface Fleet consists of amphibious warfare
William I, also known as William the Conqueror, replaced King Harold on the throne The invasion was completed by 1071 - The Norman invasion is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry a long embroidered cloth The death of King Harold embroidered on the Bayeux Tapestry The Norman England William I ensured his power by dividing the land into parts and making 1/7 of it a royal domain He made his nobles swear an oath of allegiance and become his vassals Died in 1087 while fighting in France, was succeeded by his third son, William II Rufus William II was very unpopular: - Problems with the church - Increased taxes and claimed the money of many positions of the church William the Conqueror began building the Tower of London one of the most notorious prisons in the world After William II died in 1100 due to an incident while hunting, the throne was claimed by his brother, Henry I
political side) really was not very important. In Swift's eyes, fighting over religion is as pointless as fighting over which end of an egg to break. Swift also parodies the political parties within England. The Tory party is represented by the Low Heels while the Whigs are represented by the High Heels. Considering that Swift himself changed parties, he must have understood that political allegiance was important. Yet, political bickering is often about such unimportant matters as the height of one's heels. It is interesting to note that even though lying is seen as a terrible offense in Lilliput, Flimnap tells a huge lie (that Gulliver slept with Flimnap's wife) and gets away with it. Apart from the ludicrous physical implications of a giant having relations with a Lilliputian, the problem here is that the society must be able to enforce its norm against lying for the law to matter
Russia started the Northern War in 1700. Peter the Great had made it his aim to conquer Estonia and `open a window onto Europe' Together with the Russian troops, the plague came again and thousands of people died. A Russian general described the time after the war as follows: "Between Narva and Riga one can hear neither a dog barking nor a rooster crowing" Estonia remained under Russian rule and the Baltic- German nobility vowed allegiance to the Tsar., the barons were restored their former privileges. Life changed for the better thanks to the opening of a railway line from St. Petersburg to Tallinn in 1870. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre, with huge shipyards employing a large workforce. Interest in culture grew and Estonians became conscious of their national identity; dreams of independence gained ground. Tartu was the centre of the movement of national awakening.
illud, et est mirabile in oculis Elizabeth's open and gracious responses endeared her to the spectators. notris" "It is the Lord's doing, The following day, 15 January 1559, and it is marvellous in our eyes." Elizabeth was crowned at Westminster On 20 November 1558, Abbey and anointed by the Catholic Elizabeth declared her intentions bishop of Carlisle. to her Council and other peers who had come to Hatfield to swear allegiance. Marriage questions From the start of Elizabeth's reign, it was expected that she would marry and the question arose whom. She never did, although she She considered several suitors until received many offers for her hand; she was about fifty. Her last courtship the reasons for this are not clear. was with François, Duke of Anjou, 22 Historians have speculated that years her junior. Thomas Seymour had put her off
mostly territories of the former British Empire. The Commonwealth operates by intergovernmental consensus of the member states, organized through the Commonwealth Secretariat and Non-governmental organizations, organized through the Commonwealth Foundation. 13. British subject- derive their status as British subjects from British India or the Republic of Ireland as they existed before 1949. until 1949: anyone who owed allegiance to the British sovereign wherever he was born in the British Empire; all citizens of Commonwealth countries were British subjects until January 1983. Today: those who are not citizens of any Commonwealth country; mostly from British India or the Republic of Ireland as they existed before 1949. 14. British citizen- hold the status through a close connection with the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man ("United Kingdom and Islands"), usually because they were born there
In 1629 Sweden took control of the whole of Estonia. Though hard times continued, the period that followed is known as the "good old Swedish era": foundations were laid for the Estonian school system, the privileges of the nobility were curtailed, local peasants were granted the right to own property, and so on. Peter the Great wanted to open a window onto Europe for Russia so he started the Northern War in 1700. Estonia remained under Russian rule and the Baltic-German nobility vowed allegiance to the Tsar; the barons were restored their former privileges. In 1870 a railway line was opened from St. Petersburg to Tallinn. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre. Estonians became conscious of their national identity. Tartu was the centre of the movement of national awakening. On 24 February 1918, Estonia was proclaimed an independent democratic republic. Tallinn developed into a modern European capital. A period of prosperity followed, but independence only
were the reality itself. A related and new practice, in which the notions of nationhood and citizenship are sanctified, is the `Citizenship Ceremony' in Britain. Under the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002, all new British Citizens are required to attend. The central elements of this ceremony are the 13 Pledge of Loyalty to the United Kingdom' and the `Oath of Allegiance'. The latter reads as follows: I (name) swear by Almighty God that on becoming a British citizen, I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, her Heirs and Successors, according to law. These ceremonial statements are given in front of the Union Jack and the participants stand whilst singing the National Anthem, which closes the ceremony. The powerful symbolism invested in
wrote some poetry in the style of John Donne and the metaphysical poets. All 17 th cent Am writings were, both in content and form, similar to English lit of the same period. The great literary figures of the 18th cent were Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). The common sense and witty aphorisms of Franklin's popular Poor Richard's Almanac series appealed to colonial readers. Franklin also wrote effectively on the question of allegiance to the British crown but it was his protégé, Thomas Paine, who inspired colonists during the dark days of the Revolution with his stirring pamphlet Common Sense (1776), which sold over half a million copies, and American Crisis Papers (1776-1783). Thomas Jefferson was also an influential political writer. He made important contributions to the 85 essays of The Federalist papers, which effectively outlined the Am governmental system and the basic principles of republican theory
political leaders; - Religioossete kogunemiste kokkukutsumine poliitikute poolt - Religioossete sümbolite kasutamine avalikes hoonetes - Avalike hoonete kasutamine religioosseteks tseremooniateks - Rajamismüüdid ja rahvuslikud müüdid jne Ameerika on ainus maa, mille identiteet rajatud ideoloogiale.Seymour Lipset: meritokraatia, egalitaarsus, populism jne.Nt Suurbritannia geograafia ja ajalugu. Pledge of Allegiance (kongress kinnitas 1945. aastal): "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." (Ma vannun truudust Ameerika Ühendriikide lipule, ja vabariigile, mida see sümboliseerib, ühele riigile Jumala all, jagamatule, vabaduse ja õiglusega kõigile). "Jumala all" lisati 1950ndate alguses ning pole kongressi poolt kinnitatud.
find the oldest remains of the London Wall, built by the Romans The Lord Mayor is elected for one year and the position is unpaid and apolitical. It is an exceptionally demanding role. The Lord Mayor lives in the Mansion House while being the Lord Mayor. The Lord Mayor is sworn in in Novenber and a day after that he participates in the Lord MAyor Show. The show is a street parade, tha starts at Guildhall. The procession ends at the Royal Courts of Justice, where he swears his allegiance to the Crown. St. Paul's Cathedral It is located in the City of London. The current building is the 5th St. Paul's Catherdral. It is the Seat of the Bishop of London. The first cathedral was built in 604 but it burned down in 675. It was built again in 685. This one also burned down in 962. The third cathedral was built the same year the second burned down. It was built of stone and it took about 200 years to finish it. This cathedral was destroyed in the Great Fire
321. to amend the law seadust muutma 322. comprised koosneb 323. chairman esimees 324. may be regarded as the date of foundation võib pidada asutamise kuupäevaks 325. conditions of admission liikmeks saamise tingimused 326. certifying document tõendav document 327. be enclosed olema lisatud 328. requirements nõuded 329. working record töötamise kinnitus 330. participation osalemine 331. essay proovitöö 332. laid the basis pani aluse 333. swear allegiance vanduma truudust 334. in accordance with conscience kooskõlas südametunnistusega 335. imposed määratud 336. infringement rikkumine 337. official duties ametlikud kohustused 338. punished by law kariustatud seaduse alusel 339. predominated domineerivad 340. excluded välja jäetud 341. corresponding figures vastavad isikud 342. excessive growth liigne kasv 343. unemployment töötus 344. unfair competition ebaaus konkurents 345
The Estonian population in 1782 was divided according to social class as follows: nobility 0.6%; the clergy, townspeople, and other free people (excluding the Swedish "free peasants" of the coast and islands, resident since the 13th century); peasants, of who'm most were serfs. The split between social classes in Estonia was further deepened by the virtual coincidence of the borders between social class and nationality. The most important category in determining one`s social allegiance was the differentiation Deutsch and Undeutsch. Nor did rural Estonians think of themselves as a nation: they rather considered themselves peasants whose identity was largely influenced by regional loyalty. The name they often used while referring to themselves -- "country people" -- also seemed to be a sign of social self- determination. Climbing the social ladder in a society with a fixed class system was possible only for the very few. For an Estonian, this automatically meant Germanisation
King´s death ended their marriage. Thomas Cromwell and the dissolution of the monasteries An English statesman and advisor of Henry VII. Deeply unpopular in England. Pesudaded Henry VIII to marry Anee of Cleves, king withdrew his support. Cromwell was executed in the Tower. Major assignment- dissolution of the monasteries. Reasons- religious houses had to be faithful to parent institutions outside England and Wales. Henry had to buy the allegiance away from Rome. Cromwell organized an ecclesiastical census. The lesser monasteries were dissolved in 1536. The Pilgrimage of Grace interrupted. 1539 monasteries had been suppressed. Land and money collected from selling items went to Henry. The Protestantism of Edward VI´s reign Became a king at the age of 9. Edward Seymour, his uncle, took and established himself as a protector. Archbishop Cranmer was intent to make England
Popilius was general in command of a province. In his army Cato's son was serving on his first campaign. When Popilius decided to disband one of his legions, he discharged also young Cato, who was serving in that same legion. But when the young man out of love for the service stayed on in the field, his father wrote to Popilius to say that if he let him stay in the army, he should swear him into service with a new oath of allegiance, for in view of the voidance of his former oath he could not legally fight the foe. So extremely scrupulous was the observance of the laws in regard to the conduct of war. There is extant, too, a letter of the elder Marcus Cato to his son Marcus, in which he writes that he has heard that the youth has been discharged by the consul, when he was serving in Macedonia in the war with Perseus. He warns him, therefore, to
Tegelikkuses ongi see üks tugevamaid faktoreid, mis lükkab (noore) kodaniku poliitikamaailmale lähemale, luues sellega ka lojaalsuse riigi vastu (Patterson, 2008, pp. 173-174). Perekond ei ole siiski ainuke toimija, mille kaudu toimub poliitiline sotsialiseerumine. Tähtis tegur on ka kool kui riigi vahendaja, mis peaks edendama tugevat riigitruudust ja eelmainitud USA poliitilise kultuuri jooni. Samuti on omapärane paljudes Ameerika koolides praktiseeritav truuduse tõotus (Pledge of Allegiance), mis peaks kasvatama veelgi lembust oma riigi vastu. (G. C. Edwards et.al., 2014, p. 201) Lisaks koolile ja perekonnale olid nii minevikus ja on aina enam tänapäevalgi olulised massiteabevahendid. USAs on väga oluliseks kanaliks näiteks televisioon, kuna teleri ees veedavad ameeriklased palju aega. Seega võivad just telekanalid kujundada kodanike maailmataju, näiteks rõhudes osadele teemadele rohkem kui teistele või luues halva imago poliitikutest. (Patterson, 2008, p
What is the cause, Laertes, That thy rebellion looks so giant-like? Let him go, Gertrude; do not fear our person: There's such divinity doth hedge a king, That treason can but peep to what it would, Acts little of his will. Tell me, Laertes, Why thou art thus incensed. Let him go, Gertrude. Speak, man. LAERTES Where is my father? KING CLAUDIUS Dead. QUEEN GERTRUDE But not by him. KING CLAUDIUS Let him demand his fill. LAERTES How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with: To hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, That both the worlds I give to negligence, 147 Let come what comes; only I'll be revenged Most thoroughly for my father. KING CLAUDIUS Who shall stay you? LAERTES My will, not all the world: And for my means, I'll husband them so well, They shall go far with little. KING CLAUDIUS Good Laertes,
certain repetitive and persistent thoughts, emotions, and reactive patterns that you identify with most strongly. This entity is the ego itself. In most cases, when you say “I,” it is the ego speaking, not you, as we have seen. It consists of thought and emotion, of a bundle of memories you identify with as “me and my story,” of habitual roles you play without knowing it, of collective identifications such as nationality, religion, race, social class, or political allegiance. It also contains personal identifications, not only with possessions, but also with opinions, external appearance, long- standing resentments, or concepts of yourself as better than or not as good as others, as a success or failure. The content of the ego varies from person to person, bu in every ego the same structure operates. In other words: Egos only differ on the surface. Deep down they are all the same. In what way are they the same? They live on identification and separation
and so Waismann needs to say what the "integration" is instead. The idea seems to be that language-games are integrated with other social practices. But it is hard to see how the Wittgensteinian can spell that out (a) in such a way as to explain how the linguistic moves take on propositional content, but (b) without secretly introducing referring. My use just now of the phrase "propositional content" may suggest an unsuccessfully tacit allegiance to the Proposition Theory. But I am using it, and will continue to use it throughout this book, in a weaker sense, as whatever property of a sentence or other item is somehow expressed by a "that" clause, as in "means that broccoli will kill you." We need not take that property to be a matter of bearing the "expression" relation to an abstract entity called "a proposition." "Use" theories 83 Objection 6
cryptanalytic talents to procure ecclesiastical rewards. Within two years, he had been named rector of Barton, Bedfordshire, for solving more than 300 pages of cipher that exposed Sweden's attempt to foment an uprising in England. He virtually guaranteed his future when he testified before the House of Lords in 1723. Here, Francis Atterbury, Bishop of Rochester, was being tried by his peers for attempting to set a pretender on the English throne. The pretender's cause exhorted the allegiance of many in England, and the nation's attention focused on Atterbury's trial. Most of the facts about the alleged conspiracy had come from his intercepted correspondence, and the most inculpatory evidence had been extracted from the portions in cipher by Willes and by Anthony Corbiere, a former foreign service official in his mid-thirties who had also been appointed a Decypherer in 1719. The Lords "thought it proper to call the Decypherers
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