32000 17195 9866 44 119 75 64000 28165 16630 26 240 83 250000 128000 57457 31086 53 342 61 256000 206955 44794 121 180 110 JAVA Sorting Algorithms Time (ms) 5000 200000 4500 Time (ms) 4000 150000 3500 3000
IBM Watson Sander Siniorg 134676IAPB Description • Question answering computing system • Can process 500 gigabytes per second • Hardware cost about $3 million • Sources of information: encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, newswire articles, and literary works Operation • Parses the clues into fragments • Executes thousands algorithms simultaneously • The more algorithms that find the same answer the more likely Watson is to be correct • Checks if potential solution makes sense • Dynamic learning History • Development started in 2005 • First initial tests in 2006 • First successful tests in 2008 • Jeopardy matches in 2011 Future plans • Clinical decision support • Watson Engagement Advisor • Research • Build new Watson-powered apps Thank you for your attention
data, and financial transactions. [3] With its extensive volumes, it needs to be stored somewhere, so it could be easily accessed and then processed. The best storage location we have for it, for now, is the cloud, or in other words, the deep web. A good analogy is of an iceberg, where the part which is above the water level is the part, that the user can see and interact with. And the part below is comprised of the database and algorithms designed to process the data and send it to the appropriate user. Now, as we have those premises clear, we can finally understand and appreciate the opportunities of big data and the feasibility of it being stored within the cloud. Opportunities Academic essay (ITI0103) 2019 spring Due to the recent data revolution, new data formats and databases with unimaginable scales
Smith. Read up to page 10, preface included. https://users.dimi.uniud.it/~antonio.dangelo/MMS/materials/Guide_to_Digital_ Signal_Process.pdf Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is a powerful technology that will shape science in the twenty-first century. Changes have already been made in various fields of study: communications, medical imaging, and high fidelity music reproduction, to name just a few. Each of these disciplines has developed a deep DSP technology, with its own algorithms and specialized techniques. This combination of breadth and depth makes it impossible for any one individual to master all of the DSP technology that has been developed. Therefore, DSP education involves two tasks: learning general concepts that apply to the field as a whole, and learning specialized techniques for your particular area of interest. The first chapter of the book describes the effects that DSP has made in several diverse fields. (Steven W. Smith, 1999)
Google Guava Margus Martsepp History Java collections was created in 1997 3 big ideas: · interfaces (define collections) · implementations (concrete or abstract) · algorithms (to manipulate collections) Basic idea around this framework: Extensible - people can build on it Overview 1. Utilities - {static constructors,functional - {predicates, transform}} 2. Objects {equal, coalesce, ComparisonChain} 3. Immutable - {why, how, collections} Utilities - static constructors Create a list of 2 elements Utilities - functional - predicates Apply predicates on collections/iterables Functional language equivalent Utilities - functional - transform
Full graph is a simple graph. Iga täisgraaf on lihtgraaf. Tõene Each weakly connected digraph is strongly connected. Iga nõrgalt sidus graaf on tugevalt sidus. Väär If there is a cycle in a graph it is impossible to find the topological order of vertices. Kui graafis esineb tsükkel, siis ei saa graafi tippe topoloogiliselt järjestada. Tõene It is possible to convert recursion to loops using stack. Rekursiooni saab magasini abil teisendada tsükliteks. Tõene Exhaustive search algorithms tend to have exponential time complexity. Ammendava otsingu algoritmid on üldjuhul eksponentsiaalse ajalise keerukusega. Tõene Smaller height of the binary search tree leads to more effective search. Mida väiksem on kahendotsimise puu kõrgus, seda efektiivsem on otsimine. Tõene It is possible to express the prefix code using code tree. Koodipuu abil saab kirjeldada prefikskoodi. Tõene Set of edges of the null graph is empty. Nullgraafi servade hulk on tühi. Tõene
testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behaviour (customization). The process of writing source code often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________ Regulate Definition: To control or supervise somethin by means of laws or rulers. Currency Definition: A system of mony, or the bills and coins themselves, used in a particular country. Interest rate Def: The cost og borrowing money over a period of time or the pice that lenders
liked. She says that, society needs a situation where is no privacy because it needs to have people predictable. We have to bare in mind that predictableness is not all bad. People buy books, films or cosmetics online, watch a film on Netflix and maybe even type a text message in Facebook about how good or bad the movie was. Next time you log in, you will see recommendations for new films or cosmetics you would perhaps like to use. All this because of predictive algorithms working to find patterns in our previous behaviour and making suggestions about our future desires. Is this bad ? No, but in other hand the same algorithmic programs are shaping our behavior in cosmetics brand favor. Last time you visited this website, you liked this book, maybe you like to buy this soap now ?. This is like someone is sitting in your room and making notes about your likes and dislikes. The things
As a servers we use the computers with operating system Linux and an open source telephony engine Asterisk IP-PBX. Asterisk possesses all possibilities of classical automatic telephone exchange, supports most of VoIP protocols and provides functions of voice mail, conferences, -5- the interactive voice menu (IVR), the centre of processing of calls - statement of calls to turn and their distribution on agents using various algorithms, record CDR and other functions. On the one hand, the server is connected with telephone lines and can incorporate to any phone of the world. On the other hand, the server is connected with the Internet and can contact any computer in the world. The server accepts a standard telephone signal, digitizes it (if it initially not digital), considerably compresses, breaks into packets and sends through the Internet to destination point with use of the protocol TCP/IP
2 Introduction CPN • CPN is a graphical language for concurrent system design and analysis and also general-purpose modelling environment and also applicable for industrial projects and high level programming. • Petri nets provide(– graphical notation– modelling concurrency, communication, synchronisation) • CPN application domains that are typical(– communication protocols, data networks, distributed algorithms) • Broader CPN applications for concurrent systems(– business processes and workflows, manufacturing systems, multi- agent systems) CPN models are(– executable and used to model and specify the behaviour of concurrent systems- events cause the system to change states – simulations of the model to investigate different scenarios and explore the behaviour – simulations is to debug and investigate the system design –
kiirus = F(n), kus n on ülesande suurus ja F on "lahendamise kiiruse funktsioon" ülesande jaoks suurusega n. Easy to verify answers. Difficult to find answers. Easy ---> polynomial time Difficult --> not polynomial time. NP: Class of problems for which it is easy to verify the answers but exponential or factorial number of combinations to check. Travelling salesman problem is in NP. Nobody has managed to prove (yet) that there are no polynomial algorithms for P. Open question: does NP = P ? Lahenduvus: Selgub, et iga täpselt formuleeritud probleemi jaoks ei leidugi lahendavat algoritmi! Uuritakse, millistele ülesannetele on algoritme, millistele ei Uuritakse, mis ülesande lahendamine taandub teisele ülesandele Uuritakse lahendumist, poollahendumist, kreatiivseid hulki jne jne Uuritakse lõpmatuse struktuuri, mis on kirjeldamatult keeruline Uuritakse lahendumise struktuuri, mis on kirjeldamatult keeruline
12 the described approach five parameters to describe pill properties (i.e. pill number, mean area of pills, total area of pills, contrast and density) are defined. Finally, from such data, a definition of pilling grade is provided. The level of pilling has been also identified and characterized using the size and numbers of the existing pills in 2005 by Huang et al. [21]. Since segmentation algorithms can be affected by fabric texture, color, and pattern, an edge-flow based algorithm taking all these factors into account has been proposed in [22]. This approach can be used in different kinds of fabrics, especially those having complex background. In Figure 9 the pilling segmentation obtained in such a work starting from fine texture woven is shown. FIGURE 9. Pilling segmentation performed in [21].
·Example:Database Management System Migration Transparency ·Allows the movement of information objects within a system without affecting the operations of users or application programs ·Example:Web Pages Performance Transparency ·Allows the system to be reconfigured to improve performance as loads vary. ·Example:Load balancing. Scaling Transparency ·Allows the system and applications to expand in scale without change to the system structure or the application algorithms. ·Example:World-Wide-Web ·Example:Distributed Database 19. Transaction Concepts A transaction is a sequence operation that is either performed completely or not at all. If it is completed, the effect of a transaction is persistent and cannot be affected by failures. Atomicity ·Transactions are sequences of operations that are clustered together. ·Transactions, this cluster are either performed completely or no modification is done.
Screens look differently in different resolutions, or when different browsers are used to access the survey website, and some combinations of hardware and software may make the survey website inaccessible to some users, resulting in coverage error. For an overview of different types of web surveys and their potential for errors, see lozar manfreda and vehovar (chapter 14). The availability of comprehensive lists or algorithms that cover the population differs widely depending on the target population, but also on the country. For instance, in countries like Denmark and The Netherlands the national statistical agency has access to the population registry (see also Bethlehem Chapter 26). This makes it possible for the national statistical agency to draw a probability sample not only of the general population, but also to draw specific subsamples. Some
koodi (n, n − k) C duaalne kood, mida tähistatakse kui C⊥. Kood C, mille puhul kehtib C = C⊥ nimetatakse ise duaalseks koodiks (self-dual code) In coding theory, a parity-check matrix of a linear block code C is a matrix which describes the linear relations that the components of a codeword must satisfy. It can be used to decide whether a particular vector is a codeword and is also used in decoding algorithms. 51. Milleks kasutatakse bitisegajaid? Bitisegaja (Interleaver) ülesandeks on võtta sümbolite jada ning permuteerida see jada Vastuvõtjas on vastupidine bitisegaja (Deinterleaver), mis permuteerib vastuvõetud jada originaalsesse järjekorda Bitisegajad sobivad hästi, et purske vigade mõju vähendada. Võttes piisavalt suur jada on võimalik purske vead eraldada ning tekitada sarnane olukord, mis on juhuslikul kanalil. 52
76.29.7:5001 välja uue sihtaadressi 10.0.0.1:3345 vastu. See on see, kuidas NAT-enabled ruuter edastab pakette välisseadmete ja kohalike seadmete vahel. Also see on ka põhjus miks mingi “determine your IP” saidid näitavad erinevat IPd kui see, mida ise näed oma arvutist - sest arvuti otse ei suhtle tegelikult kellegagi, edastab ruuterile soovi etc. 34. Marsruutimisprotokollid (RIP, OSPF ja BGP) Marsruutimisprotokollid (Routing Protocols / Routing Algorithms) on protokollid, mille abil valitakse parim tee paketi saatmiseks ühelt ruuterilt teisele vahepealsete võrguseadmete kaudu. RIP ehk Routing Information Protocol on DV (Distance Vector) protokoll, mis kasutab ruuterite vahelise kauguse ühikuna hop-count’i, see tähendab, et iga kahe ruuteri vaheline ühendus on kaaluga 1 ühik. Ruuteris hoitakse RIP tabeleid, milles on kirjas iga kahe võrgusõlme kohta nende kaal. Ruuterid, mis on omavahel otseühenduses, jagavad oma
SAS Sales Accounting System + Serial Attached SCSI + Single Attached Station + Single Audio System + Statistical Analysis System SASI Shugart Associates System Interface (SCSI originated from SASI) SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SATAN Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks .SAV Saved (file name extension) SAVDM Single Application VDM SAX Simple API for XML SB Sound Blaster [Creative Labs] + Sound Board SBA Scene Balance Algorithms [Kodak] + Service Based Architecture SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System SBB Subtract With Borrow SBC Single-Board Computer SBCS Single-Byte Character Set SBI Sound Blaster Instrument .SBR Source Browser (file name extension) [Borland] SBS Small Business Server + Smart Battery Specification [Duracell/Intel] .SC Script (file name extension) SCA Scalable Computing Architecture [HP] + Service Component Architecture
•I've never liked the term "computer science." The main reason I don't like it is that there's no such thing. Computer science is a grab bag of tenuously related areas thrown together by an accident of history, like Yugoslavia. At one end you have people who are really mathematicians, but call what they're doing computer science so they can get DARPA grants. In the middle you have people working on something like the natural history of computers--studying the behavior of algorithms for routing data through networks, for example. And then at the other extreme you have the hackers, who are trying to write interesting software, and for whom computers are just a medium of expression, as concrete is for architects or paint for painters. It's as if mathematicians, physicists, and architects all had to be in the same department. ITK 2007, Kalev Pihl Sissejuhatus informaatikasse 3 Kordamine -Mis on informaatika? •Informaatika on teadus, mille jaotame tinglikult kolmeks
Reasons for this include: • Cost: An off-the-shelf controller must be coupled with a microprocessor anyway, so why not do away with the controller and just use the processor? • Simplicity: In an off-the-shelf controller, you pay for all the generalized func- tionality that the part provides. If you only need slow speeds, simple con- trols, and limited features, you may be able to implement them in software. • Flexibility: You can design the control algorithms to your requirements, instead of just modifying PID parameters. You can also make very deep posi- tion registers, 64 or 128 bits for specialized applications. • Custom design: If your system has special requirements, such as special sensors or a move-to-stop-and-apply-pressure for x milliseconds, you can implement this since you will develop and control the algorithms. If you decide to roll your own controller, there are a few things to consider.
If you do 20 push-ups, you've done 20 reps of the push-up. 4. From noon on October 3, 2009, to noon on October 4, 2009. 5. These error ranges assume trained professionals and optimum conditions for measurements (e.g., good hydration for body- impedance). The order was determined using the median of their lower and upper error percentages. 6. In an ideal world, X-ray CT and MRI would be used, but I omitted them due to radiation and cost, respectively. 7. Nor should you compare different algorithms on the same equipment. This most frequently causes confusion when you get caliper readings from different trainers. Use the same person and same algorithm (e.g., 3-point Jackson-Pollock). 8. Also referred to as bio-impedance, or BI. 9. The coldness of the water will also help fat-loss. 10. There are population-specific formulas that give better numbers, but they are not commonly used since most fitness clubs and personal trainers deal with the broad population. 11. www.fourhourbody
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