London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the largest metropolitan area in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival. The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis that has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor and assembly.
boundaries, but the name "London" has long applied more to the whole metropolis that has grown up around it. London has been an important settlement for over two millenniums. It is also one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks and numerous iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Towe Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. 2. History Although there is some evidence of a permanent settlement before the Romans came in 43 A.D., it is more accepted by historians that the Romans were the first. The settlement was called Londinium. The first London lasted for just seventeen years, for around AD 61, a tribe of Celts led by Queen Boudica stormed London, burning it to the ground
A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated. The Romans gave us a language based on Latin, the calendar, law and legal system, the census and also straight roads, central heating and concrete. Anglo- Saxons around AD 400 Anglo- Saxons were warrior farmers from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Later in the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons settled just west of Londinium, around the Strand, and formed the town of Lundenwic. The area of the old Roman city became a landing-place for ships and a centre for trade.The first English King to convert to Christianity, King Ethelbert, founded St Paul's Cathedral in 604. The Vikings 8th and 9th century By the 9th century, London was a very prosperous trading centre, and its wealth attracted the attention of Danish Vikings. The Danes periodically sailed up the Thames and attacked London
Topic Sports Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction For some people sport plays a very important part in their lives. And to some, it is even a way of life. There are different kinds of sports. For instance, there are sports meant for playing indoors, some can be practised only at a certain time of year. There are winter and summer sports also. Skiing, figure-skating, sledding and snowboarding these four most popular are practised during winter. Good examples of summer sports are: swimming, badminton, roller skating and golf. 2. The ancient Olympic Games
landings of 1944, achieved with its ally the US After the war • The UK became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council • However, the war left the UK severely weakened and depending financially on the Marshall Plan • Despite rising living standards in the late 1950s and 1960s, the UK's economic performance was not as successful as many of its competitors, such as West Germany and Japan • In 1973 UK joined the European Economic Community (EEC) • When the EEC became the European Union (EU) in 1992, the UK was one of the 12 founding members Politics • The United Kingdom is a unitary state under a constitutional monarchy • Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state of the UK as well as monarch of fifteen other independent Commonwealth countries
By now London has swallowed up many of the small towns and villages that once surrounded it. London is on the same latitude as Warsaw. London is a city were more than 7 million inhabitants live. In London there are famous Telephone booths and taxis. Also there are red double- decker buses. The quick and easy way is use the underground trains. The cheapest is to buy a Travelcard. London hosted the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympic Games and will host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. Many visitors come to see the famous sights, museums and galleries; others come for the shopping. The famous sopping street is Oxford Street. It is the most famous street in London where you can buy souvenirs, clothes, and so on. Today Harrods's is among the world`s best known shops. The famous sights in London are British Airways London Eye, the Westminster
ENGLAND England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; it is surrounded by the Irish Sea, the Celtic Sea, the North Sea and the English Channel, it's linked to Frane by the Channel Tunnel. The total area of the country is more than 130000 sq km. Most of England is lowland, but there are upland regions in the north, south and south west. The climate is temperate, subject to frequent changes, with plentiful rainfall all year round, although the seasons are quite variable in temperature, it rarely falls below -5 or rises above +30 degrees. The longest river, the Severn, flows for 354km. England's capital London, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, drawing from a wide range of people, cultures and religions, speaking over 300 different languages, mixing their culture, traditions, music
With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre. It has more than40 theatres, where audiences enjoy everything from musicals to William Shakespeare's plays. The city also contain many cinemas, concert halls, museums and art galleries. Royal residence English (later British) kings and queens have lived in London for almost 1,000 years. There are several royal palaces in the capital. St James's Palace was built by King Henry VIII in the 16th century. Since 1837 the monarch has lived in Buckingham Palace LONDON'S EARLY HISTORY The Romans invaded England in 43 AD. They landed in Kent, made their way to the River Thames and sailed up it. Then they settled in a place on
Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. · Harrods is London's most famous department store, is named after Charles Henry Harrod, who opened a family grocers shop on the site in 1849. The store occupies a 5-acresite and has over one million square feetof selling space in over 330 departments .
Veur) is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honsh. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales. All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
WALES . Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom , bordered by England to its east , and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west . It is also an elective region of the European Union . Wales has a population estimated at three million . The capital Cardiff is Wales's largest city with 317,500 people . For a period it was the biggest coal port in the world . Cardiff is the largest media centre in the UK outside of London . Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Great Britain . Its area , the size of Wales , is about 20,779 km²
History of Football Forerunners of football The creation of football as we understand it today is geographically confined to British shores, but there is extensive evidence of ancient games with the same basic principles as the modern day incarnation. The first of these was identified as part of Shang Dynasty China in the 5th century BC, the game's objective being to kick a leather ball through a hole in a piece of cloth which between two 30 foot poles. The Tsu'Chu military exercise in 3rd century China was also an interesting elaboration on this theme; the premise once again being to kick a leather ball through a 30-40 centimetre opening. As the Tsu'Chu exercise lacked the central team element of today's football, attention
Park or visit the exhibits at sister islands, like neighboring Lanai. the MoMa or the Met. While new Visitors regularly return to the sites, like the National September mainland singing praise for Maui, but 11 Memorial, are always popping the smart few just put down new roots up, the classics, like the Empire and pick up a Mai Tai. State Building, never get old. Montreal and Vancouver Why go: Here, it's as Why go: While it may not be as if Paris migrated to North grand as New York City or as America. Montreal boasts historic asMontreal, why Vancouver caught the attention of the elements of French culture with International Olympic Committee is a friendly Canadian feel. no mystery. This coastal Canadian Travelers adore the quaint city boasts a vast amount of outdoor
contemporary art. The square is also used for political demonstrations and community gatherings, such as the celebration of New Year's Eve. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars over France. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth's Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square" Leicester Square Leicester Square is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. The Square lies within an area bound by Lisle Street, to the north; Charing Cross Road, to the east; Orange Street, to the south; and Whitcomb Street, to the west. The park at the centre of the Square is bound by Cranbourn Street, to the north; Leicester Street, to the east; Irving Street, to the south; and a section of road designated simply as Leicester Square, to the west. It is within the City of Westminster, and
Rainfall is regular, but most often in the form of drizzle occurring throughout the year. Snow occurs sometimes in winter but rarely settles more than a few millimetres deep. History The origin of London may be dated around the beginning of the 1st century AD, when a Celtic tribe settled near a fordable point of the Thames. L achieved real importance following the Roman conquest under Claudius (43AD). The Romans build a bridge, somewhat east of the present city. This bridge soon was part of a trade road and attracted more and more traders. Soon the flourishing city Londinium came into existence. The Romans rebuilt the town into a centre of great importance. After the Romans withdrew from Britain in the Picts, Scots, Jutes, Angles and Saxons invaded London. It started to expand again under the Saxon kings. London was described as a commercial centre into which goods from all parts of the world flew by land and sea. King Alfred the Great repopulated and fortified the city
name. These invaders introduced a new culture to Britain, and even today British customs and habits are described as ´Anglo-Saxon`. Anglo-Saxon England was one of the most civilised countries in Europe, with organised systems of agriculture and trade. The Vikings came from Scandinavia in the tenth century; they settled in the north and made the town of York the capital of their kingdom. The last successful invasion of Britain was in 1066, when William the Conqueror defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings, and the Normans and the French settled in Britain over the next three centuries. In 2001, the population of the United Kingdom was recorded at just under 59 million people. The UK flag is called the Union Flag. It is sometimes referred as the Union Jack. It is the flag of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The flag is actually three flags in one. It is made up from the England flag, the Scotland flag and the patron saint of the Ireland's flag.
London London is the UK's largest and most populous metropolitan area and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union. History: The first major settlement was founded by the Romans in 43 AD. Canute took control of the English throne in 1016, controlling the city and country until 1035, when his death resulted in a reversion to Saxon control under his pious stepson Edward the Confessor, who refounded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, London had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester. In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a
The West End Trafalgar Square is called the heart of London because it connects the political area of Westminster to the rest of West London. Lord Nelson's column stands in the center of the beautiful square. Horatio Nelson was a great British commander who defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Trafalgar but unfortunately he himself was killed. To the north and west from the Trafalgar Square is the West End, which is London's main shopping and entertainment area. Most of London's best residential and commercial areas are in the West End. You can find there expensive shops, restaurants, hotels, museums and many art galleries. Great Britain's biggest department store is in Knightsbridge. It was founded in 1834 by Charles Henry Harrod. Harrods is also the world's first building with an escalator. Today Harrods is an amazing place with over 330 shops, which
G1a General overview London is without doubt the centre for shopping in the United Kingdom and the numerous districts provide a shopper's paradise. Whether you are looking for London fashion, antiques, furniture or home accessories, rest assured that London will provide you with a huge choice. London has a lot to offer the shopper from large department stores to exclusive boutiques. There are many areas to go on shopping trips, such as Oxford Street, Covent Garden, and Knightsbridge. And, of course, London has many street markets to browse around. Oxford street two miles of wall to wall shops. the UK's busiest and most famous shopping area. There are over 300 shops to choose from. Apart perhaps from Selfridges the street consists of tourist orientated small shops interspersed with the UK flagship stores of all the main chain stores in Britain.
most important business, financial and cultural centers and its fluence in politic, education, entarainment, fashion and the arts contributes to its status as a major global city. London · Little bit about people who live in london. London currently has a wilde range of peoples, cultures and religions and over 300. languages are spoken in the city. · On July 2007, it had an offical population of 7 556 900 within the boundaries of greater london. History of London · The Blitz and other bombing by the German Luftwaffe during world war 2, killed over 30 000 Londoners and destroyed large areas of housing and other buildings across London. · In 1965 London's political confines were expanded to take into account the growth of the urban summer olympics. Geography of London · London is the largest area and the capital of the United Kingdom. · London is a port on the Thames, a navigable river.
the 19th century new museums were created in London such as the Victoria & Albert, the Science Museum and the Natural History Museum. The first doubledecker bus appeared in the streets of London as early as in 1904. After the two world wars, London went through a massive rebuilding. Several structures were built in London to mark the year 2000: the Millenium Dome, Millenium bridge, London Eye etc. London's vast urban area is often described using a set of district names. Since 1965 Greater London has been divided into 32 London boroughs. However, it is a city that is surprisingly easy to get around, with the comprehensive and easily navigated London Underground or `Tube'. London's population was 7,172,000 on the latest Census Day of April 2001. This is 14.6 per cent of the total population of Britain. The people of London have great love for theatre, opera, films, music, sports, and arts. Most of the London films are premiered at Leicester Square
Olympiad. In the beginning the games lasted for only one day and comprised only one event, the running of one Stadion, but gradually more events were added resulting, towards the 5th century B.C., in the games lasting for 5 days. In total the Olympic Games consisted of 10 events: running, the pentathlon (viievõistlus), jumping, discus, "ekebolon" javelin, wrestling, boxing, the pancration, chariot racing and horse racing. All Greeks who were not criminals had the right to take part in the games. Women were not allowed to compete, they could not even watch the competition. The athletes presented themselves 1 moth before the games began at Elis, the organising town. The athletes had to swear that they would compete with honour and respect the rules. The victors enjoyed great honours and on returning to their cities their compatriots pulled down part of the walls for them to enter. They were also given special privileges and high office.
They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek..
the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honsh. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales. All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
In the 13th century it was enlarged beyond those walls. Including the moat, it now covers 18 acres. The White Tower is the only remaining Norman building. Since successive monarchs have modified it and added to it, most of the architectural styles popular over the centuries can be found within The Tower's walls. The Tower has been used as fortress, a palace, and a prison. It has housed the Royal Mint, the Public Records, and the Royal Observatory. And from the 13th century until 1834 it housed the Royal Menagerie. For centuries it was the arsenal for arms and armour. And, since it is one of the strongest fortresses in England, it has guarded and continues to guard the crown jewels. The Tower was occupied as a palace by all the Kings and Queens down to James I. It was customary for each monarch to lodge in the Tower before his coronation and to ride in procession to Westminster through the city of London from the Tower
LANDMARCS HYDE PARK: Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner. The park is divided in two by the Serpentine. The park is contiguous with Kensington Gardens; although often still assumed to be part of Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens has been technically separate since 1728, when Queen Caroline made a division between the two. THE TOWER OF LONDON: Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government. [1]
1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England- London; Northen Ireland- Belfast; Scotland- Edinburgh; Wales- Cardiff 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts. Romans Anglusaxons , Norman 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? Language. Wars. Engand and Scotland eventually became 1 contry 4. How many people approximately speak English? Approximately 600 million 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language?Germanic tribes- Anglo-Saxons. 6. Describe Wales.- Wales is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. The national game of Wales is Rugby. Flag- Red dragon on a green and white field. They have their own language Cymraeg ( Welsh) . Anthem- Land Of My Fathers. Official animal- Dragon. There used to be a lot of coalmines. 7
Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the east and by sea in the other three directions: the Welsh Channel to the south, St George's Channel to the west, and the Irish Sea to the north. There are many bays, peninsulas, cliffs and beaches, together Wales has almost 2000 km of coastline. There are several islands
3 London history During the 19th century, London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire. Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later. During this period, London became a global political, financial, and trading capital. In this position, it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance. The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich, which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini which linked London to every corner of Britain. These included Euston station (1837), Paddington station (1838), Fenchurch Street station (1841), Waterloo station (1848), King's Cross station (1850), and St Pancras station (1863). From 1863, the first lines
From the beginning The oldest evidence of human habitation in the Prague valley dates from 600, 000 BC, but more numerous clues were left by hunters during the last Ice Age, about 25, 000 years ago. Permanent communities were established around 4000 BC in the northwestern parts of Prague, and the area was inhabited continuously by various Germanic and Celtic tribes before the arrival of the Slavs. The name Bohemia came from a Celtic tribe called Boii, and is still used today for the western part of the Czech Republic. Foundation of Prague In the 6th century, two Slav tribes settled on opposite sides of a particularly appealing stretch of the Vltava River. The Czechs built a wooden fortress where the residential area Hradcany stands today, and the Zlícani built theirs upstream at what is now Vysehrad. They had barely dug in when nomadic Avars thundered in, to rule until the Frankish trader Samo united the Slav tribes and drove the Avars out
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government
The United Kingdom and London United Kingdom is a political name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These political names include the countries of England, Scotland and Wales. Every country has its own capital and language. The capital of England is London, the people there are english and the language spoken is English. In scotland live the scots, capital is Edingburg and the languages spoken are English and Scottish. The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the people tehre are welsh and the languages spoken are welsh and English. N. Ireland is the home for the Irish, the capital is Belfast and the language is Irish. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who settled on the land and were often at war with each other. In AD 43 Britain was made a Roman province. The romans stayed there for three hundred years. After the romans left came the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Angles
Britain started sending its convicts to the place now called Sydney, and they established the colony of New South Wales. This day is celebrated as Australia's national day, Australia day. Most of the people there are of British origin, with a culture and outlook similar to the UK and USA. In 1901, five colonies became states linked by one federal government the Commonwealth of Australia. English is the official language, and is spoken and written in a distinct variety known as Australian English. It is believed that there used to be around 200-300 Australian Aboriginal languages, when Europeans first came to the country. Now there are about 70, with all but 20 being endangered. Australia's population is very unevenly distributed. More than 80% of the people live in the six largest cities on the coast. Sydney is Australia's oldest and largest city. Melbourne is the second largest city. Australia consists of 6 states and is also divided into two mainland territories the Northern
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