The Old Town (The Dome Hill) Kelly Pärkman 10a Tallinn Lillekyla Gymnasium Table of Contents Tallinn Toompea Castle Tall Hermann's Tower Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin Danish King's Garden The House of the Estonian Knighthood Maiden Tower References Tallinn The centre of Tallinn Dome Hill The lower town Toompea Castle Location Built in the 13th to the 14th centuries Wooden fortress The building of the Riigikogu Several parts Tall Hermann's Tower Location 14th century The name of the tower
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral - largest and grandest orthodox cathedral crowning the hill of Toompea. It was finished in 1900, when the country was a part of the Russian empire. Time of russification, many estonians against it. Dedicated to the prince of novgorod, alexander nevsky who won the battle of ice. Due to the lack of funds and the building’s massive construction, it was never demolished. Kohtuotsa viewing platform - gives great view to the both parts of the city. blabla Estonian Knighthood House - The German nobles in Estonia were united in the Estonian Knighthood. The Estonian Knighthood House was the building where the Knights met and held their festivities and where their peerage register was kept. Town Hall Square Raekoja plats (English: Town Hall Square) is a town square beside Tallinn Town Hall(Estonian: Raekoda) in the center of the Tallinn Old Town in Tallinn, Estonia. It is a venue for numerous small festivals or concerts like Tallinn Old Town Days
The First Years of the School: Reval Gymnasium In the beginning the school was upheld by the city of Tallinn and it’s knighthood. The school was meant for the sons of the noblemen and citizens. There were 4 professors and 2 colleagues. Students studied reading, writing, maths, theology, music, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, law, poetry, speech, geography, history and philosophy. Older students studied in Latin. Music was very important. There were four classes: quarta, tertia, secunda and prima, prima being the last and quarta the lowest grade. The head of school was a rector. For the first 15
Julian Lloyd Webber. Lloyd Webber started composing at the age of six and published his first piece at the age of nine. Lord Lloyd-Webber has achieved great popular success, with several musicals that have run for more than a decade both in the West End and on Broadway. He has composed 13 musicals, a song cycle, a set of variations, two film scores, and a Latin Requiem Mass. He has also gained a number of honors, including a knighthood in 1992, followed by a peerage, seven Tony Awards, three Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, an Emmy Award, seven Olivier Awards, a Golden Globe, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 2006. Several of his songs, notably "I Don't Know How to Love Him" from Jesus Christ Superstar, "Don't Cry for Me, Argentina" from Evita, "Memory" from Cats, and "The Music of the Night" from The Phantom of the Opera have been widely recorded and were hits outside of their parent musicals
literature; and his best works speak to a versatile and luminous narrative gift. Kipling was one of the most popular writers in English, in both prose and verse, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English language writer to receive the prize. Among other honours, he was sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, all of which he declined. Later in life Kipling came to be recognized as a "prophet of British imperialism." Many saw prejudice and militarism in his works, and the resulting controversy about him continued for much of the 20th century. Kipling kept writing until the early 1930s, but at a slower pace and with much less success than before. He died of perforated duodenal ulcer on 18 January 1936, two days before George V, at the age of 70
"Miami Vice"; "Tigerland"; "Odine" Born 31st May 1976 Won the golden globe award for "In Bruges" Saint Patrick The patron saint of Ireland Lived 4th to 5th century S.t Patrick's day celebrated in honor of him brought Christianity to Ireland Sold to slavery at the age of 16 Birth name was Maewyn Paul David Hewson Singer and musician (stage name "Bono") Main vocalist in the rockband U2 Born 1oth May 1960 Received he Nobel peace prize; granted knighthood by QEII; Time magazine person of the year 2005 Daniel Day-Lewis Part Irish actor Selective roles Only starred in 5 films Best known from "My Left Foot" and "There Will Be Blood" Won the golden globe award for "There Will Be Blood" References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Day-Lewis http://www.europe-cities.com/en/658/ireland/history/famous-people/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Farrell http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=
isolated from the castle, the only connection is drawbridge. History It was founded in 1381. Kuressaare castle was a bishops resident til the end of Livonian war. In 1559. Johannes V Münchhausen sold the castle to Danes. The Danes built a new defence system to the castle, because military technology was improved. In 1645 , with a Brömsebro peace treaty the castle was given to Sweden. In the beginning of 20, century , Kuressaare castle was restaured to be a resident of Saaremaa knighthood. Since September 22 1920, the castle belongs to county government. Why go there? Nowadays locate expositions of Museum of Saaremaa in the castle and every year takes place event called Kuressaare lossipäevad. This annual event includes workshops, fairs and shows to introduce medieval life.
Occupied in 1227 by the Order of the Brethren of the Sword In 1238 the rights of the Danes in North Estonia were restored and Toompea was once again ruled by Danes In 1346 Denmark sold its possessions to the Teutonic Order Until 1561 Toompea belonged to the Livonian Order According to the Altmark peace treaty of 1629, Estonian territories went to the king of Sweden Already earlier (1561), new rulers had come to Toompea In 1710 the knighthood of North Estonia signed the Harju capitulation treaty At first Russians could not initiate any changes in the country they had conquered. For half a century Toompea fell into oblivion Situation changed during the reign of Catherine II Second decade of the last century Estonians had the opportunity to build up a state of their own Construction of the Riigikogu building (1920 1922) First public building in Tallinn to have electric
seawater. On the ground of Brömsebro peace treaty in 1645 Sweden took possession of Saaremaa. On September 15, 1710 the Swedish garrison, ravished by the plague, surrendered to the Russian army with no resistance. After Russia founded Bomarsund castle on just-occupied land islands and in the vicinity of the Swedish capital, Kuressaare was once and for all excluded from the list of the fortifications of the Tsarist Russia in 1836. A year before the castle had been sold to the Knighthood of Saaremaa for 3,000 roubles During 1904-1912 the convent building was renovated by architects W. Neumann and H.Seuberlich. The two upper floors of the Defence Tower were constructed anew; the window frames in the cloister of the main floor were restored and the wall between the chapel and the festive refectory rebuilt; some of the doors were relocated and windows widened; new ovens and staircases were built; stone plates with the coats-of-arms of the
and the Nightingale'- the first example of debate opposed positions, use every argument to attack and defend. Owl- monastic, strict; nightingale free, amorous spirit. Agree only in admiring the man, who is to judge between them. One of the first comic poems. England itself is shown for the first time. 6. Chivalry. In it narrow sense denotes collectively all those warriors who had formally and ceremonially taken up Knighthood. Wider the obligations, estate and style of life of those entitled, from their childhood, to reach the knighthood, but who may or not be knights in fact, The classic virtues of good knighthood are honour, courage, hardiness, truthfulness, loyalty, generosity. Later, as the warrior rose on the social seal, nobility, courtesy and his role as the protector of the community became pronounced.
" in the hope of raising money for famine relief. The concert grew in scope, as more acts were added on both sides of the Atlantic. As a charity fundraiser, the concert far exceeded its goals: on a television programme in 2001, one of the organisers stated that while initially it had been hoped that Live Aid would raise £1 million with the help of Wembley tickets costing £25.00 each, the final figure was £150 million Partly in recognition of the Live Aid effort, Geldof received an honorary knighthood. The concert began at 7:00 EST at Wembley Stadium in the United Kingdom. It continued at JFK Stadium in the United States, starting at 8:51 EST. The UK's Wembley performances ended at 17:00 EST. The JFK performances and whole concert in the US ended at 23:05 EST.
intolerably stupid. " ,,My idea of good company is the company of clever, wellinformed people who have a great deal of conversation " Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 18591930 A Scottish doctor and writer, most noted for his Sherlock Holmes detective stories (4 novels, 56 short stories) Also wrote science fiction, plays, romances, poetry, historical novels and nonfiction Holmes was based on his college friend Joseph Bell and Watson based on himself In 1902 he was awarded a knighthood largely for writings he had produced in support of British policies during the Boer War ,,Where there is no imagination there is no horror." ,,I never guess. It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data. Insensibly one begins to twist facts to suit theories, instead of theories to suit facts." Agatha Christie 1890 1976 Wrote 66 detective novels and more than 15 short story collections, most of which revolve around the investigations of such characters as
When and where was he born? He was born somewhere around 1343 in London. What occupations did he have during his life? He was trained for knighthood, he also worked as a courtier, a diplomat, and a civil servant, as well as working for the king, collecting and inventorying scrap metal How many periods are his works divided into? What are they called? What are the main works of each period? What/who are they inspired by? His poetry is generally divided into three periods the French period ("The romance of the rose"), the Italian period ("Troilus and Criseyde",
The stairs were built in 1903 and are called Patkul Stairs. The name Patkul itself comes from Johann Patkul. He had worked against the Swede, so Patkul was remembered by Russians. In the Middle Ages that part of Toompea where the castle stands was called the Small Fortress. The rest of the hill with the homes of the feudal lords and bishop of Tallinn was called the Big Fortress. The main building, the centre of the Small Fortress, was the Convention House- a building where the members of the knighthood lived. In the 1920s the reconstruction of the building was carried out. The northern part of it became the seat of the State Assembly of the Estonian Republic. In the 19th century a public garden was laid out the Governor's Garden. Town Wall and its Towers The first town wall of Tallinn, which was rather low and modest, was built in the second half of the 13th century. It was called Margaret's Wall by the Danish queen Margaret in 1265
There is a beautiful sandy beach stretching for two kilometres. Pirita is also a yachting centre and a place for motor-cycle races. One of its attractions is the ruin of St. Birgitta's Convent. The founder of the convent was the Bridgettine Order whose principal house was at Vadstena in Sweden. The convent was dedicated to Birgitta Gudmarsson who was canonized in 1391. The construction was started in 1407 and it was sponsored by wealthy citizens and the knighthood of the provinces of Harju and Viru as well as by some rich people of Sweden. The convent was divided into three parts. The central part was the church with its 34-metre-high gable. The left wing was for the nuns and the priests lived in the right wing. The church building was completed and consecrated in 1436. Other buildings took longer to build they were completed at the beginning of the 16th century. The number of nuns was not to exceed sixty according to the regulations of the Order.
The author Henry James famously said of him: "Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known." In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, making him the first English language writer to receive the prize, and he remains its youngest-ever recipient. Among other honours, he was sounded out for the British Poet Laureateship and on several occasions for a knighthood, all of which he rejected. However, later in life Kipling also came to be seen (in George Orwell's words) as a "prophet of British imperialism." Many saw prejudice and militarism in his works, and the resulting controversy about him continued for much of the 20th century. According to critic Douglas Kerr: "He is still an author who can inspire passionate disagreement and his place in literary and cultural history is far from settled. But as the age of the European empires recedes, he is
called dynamo. He also was giving many popular lectures for the general public. He did great work. The result of his work made it possible for Morse to invent electromagnetic telegraph, for Bell to invent the telephone and for Edison to make electrical light. He requested during life that he be buried under a gravestone of the most ordinary kind. He was very smart man, who discovered many new things; despite of it he refused an offer of knighthood. He preferred to be plain Michael faraday. 6) NEW YEARS CELEBRATIONS New Year's Eve is a time for merriment. At midnight bells ring, horns blow, and friends exchange kisses. Everyone stays up late to celebrate the arrival of another January. Most Americans spend final hours of the old and first hours of the New Year dining and drinking with friends. One popular New Year's Eve drink is eggnog, yellow mixture, Made with eggs, milk or cream, and sugar. One of the nosiest and most
President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993. Art Museum of Estonia premanently closed down the exhibitions in that building in October 2005. At the end of the 1970s, in the 1980s the first branches of the Art Museum of Estonia were founded. Starting from the 1995 all the branches offer different educational programmes for children and young people
Between sessions of a Diet, the legislative power of the knighthoods belonged to the Council of the Diet. The towns were governed by the Town Councils, which supplemented their ranks from among the representatives of merchants and lawyers. The citizens and the inhabitants of a town did not coincide -- most of the population had no civic rights. The lower class mainly consisted of Estonians. While an special status secured the supremacy of the Baltic knighthood and the German upper classes in towns, it considerably aggravated the legal and social situation of Estonians. It can be said that the pre-nationhood Landesstaat, with its strict social structure, effectively prevented Estonians from becoming Germans. Considering their relatively small number, the beneficiaries of the Landesstaat were additionally protected by their disproportionally large representation amongst the Russian elite during the following two centuries
Gave up on this in the Treaty of Bretigny. Created the Order of the Garter. Faiced military failure in France. Outbreak of pleague. The Good Parliament- heavy taxes, incapable ministers. New councellors were imposed, Edward, the Black Prince wore black armour, never became a king. He died before his father Edward III. Great military hero, notable victories over France. Military brilliance in eraly age. The Order of Garter Order of knighthood and chivalry in England. Edward III founded it in 1348 and put it under Saint George´s patronage. The patch shows St George lsaying a dragon. Included the monarch and 25 knights initially. Membership marked a royal favour and a reward for loyalty. Honi soit qui mal y pense- Shame on him who thinks evil of it. In golden letters Black Death 1348-1350, decline of the manor system The first pleague attack occured in southern England
happened, though. Edward the Black Prince lived in a century of decline for the knightly ideal of chivalry. After capturing John, king of France, he treated him with great respect and chivarly. On the other hand it was quite effective in accomplishing the goals of his campaigns. Moreover, he was exceptionally harsh toward lower classes in society, as indicated by the heavy taxes. *The Order of the Garter was an order of chivalry, or knighthood, originating in medieval England. King Edward III founded the Order of the Garter as "a society, fellowship and college of knights." Its original statutes required that each member already be a knight. It initially included the monarch and 25 knights. Membership in the order was intended as a mark of royal favour and a reward for loyalty to the sovereign and for outstanding military service. At roughly the same time that the Order of the Garter was founded, Edward
P. Kinsella ften a new force will appear in Act One to bring a challenge to the hero. T h i s is the energy o f the Herald archetype. Like the heralds of medieval chivalry, H e r a l d characters issue challenges a n d announce the c o m i n g of significant change. T h e heralds of knighthood were responsible for keeping track of lineages and coats of arms, and had an important role in identifying people and relationships in battle, tournaments, and on great state occasions such as weddings. T h e y were the protocol officers of their day. At the commencement o f war a herald might be called upon to recite the causes of the conflict; in effect, to provide the motivation. In Shakespeare's Henry V, the Ambassadors from the Dauphin (crown prince) of France
Miss Bennet was therefore established as a sweet girl, and their brother felt authorized by such commendation to think of her as he chose. Chapter 5 Within a short walk of Longbourn lived a family with whom the Bennets were particularly intimate. Sir William Lucas had been formerly in trade in Meryton, where he had made a tolerable fortune, and risen to the honour of knighthood by an address to the king during his mayoralty. The distinction had perhaps been felt too strongly. It had given him a disgust to his business, and to his residence in a small market town; and, in quitting them both, he had removed with his family to a house about a mile from Meryton, denominated from that period Lucas Lodge, where he could think with pleasure of his own importance, and, unshackled by business, occupy himself solely in being civil to all the world
had blown across the laboratory and landed on the petri dish, killing the bacteria, the lab assistants were about to throw it out. However, a bacteriologist, Alexander Fleming, became curious about a mold that was so powerful that it could kill such strong bac- teria. His research led to the discovery and development of peni- cillin, which saved millions of lives in World War II and won him both a knighthood and the Nobel prize. ■ KEEP YOUR MIND OPEN In 1975, IBM commissioned consultants to study the market po- tential of the personal computer. They came back with the conclu- sion that the market for personal computers was only a few hundred in the entire world, at best. Based on this information, IBM decided to concentrate its efforts on mainframes, where it was already the world leader, and ignore the personal computer market,
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