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2015-04-27
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Maris Tõnise
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HOMES Almost 63% of British people own their own homes. There are about 25 million homes in the UK, of which seven out of 10 are owner-occupied. Most live in terraced houses and tower blocks located mainly in town centres, semidetached houses in districts nearer to town centres, or detached houses which usually lie in expensive suburbs, closer to the countryside than the centre. Many people live in rented accommodation, including council flats and houses built and owned by the local government. Modern council housing estates may be a mixture of different buildings, providing a variety of facilities for their inhabitants, such as play areas for children, a community centre, etc. Since the 1980s, council tenants have been allowed to buy their own homes very cheap if they have lived in them for more than two years. Since the early 1990s, building new houses and flats has been very slow. But today the number of new homes b
TRAVELLING Exercise 1. a) When was the last time you travelled by bus, went by tram, took a taxi, flew, sailed on a car-ferry, rode a bike? These are all means of transport. A vehicle is the general word for all types of road transport. The last time I travelled by bus was in September and the last time I went by tram was yesterday. The last time I took a taxi was in August. The last time I flew was in September. The last time I sailed on a car-ferry was in 2020. The last time a rode a bike was in August. b) Divide the following means of transport into three groups: Transport by air Transport by water Transport on land A hot-air balloon, a jet, a A yacht, a submarine, a canoe, a A double-decker bus, a lorry, a helicopter, a plane, a rocket, rowing boat, a barge, a ferry coach, a tram, a moped, a van, a spacecraft
Traveling Description Traveling is the movement of people or objects (conveyances) between relatively distant geographical locations. Travel may occur by human-powered transport such as walking or bycycling, or with vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains and airplanes. Etymology The term "travel" originates from the Old French word travail. The term also covers all the activites performed during a travel (movement). A person who travels is spelled "traveler" in the United states, and "traveller" in the United Kingdom. Purpose and motivation Reason for traveling include recreation, tourism or vacationing, research travel for gathering information, for holiday to visit people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages and mission trips, business travel, trade, commuting, and other reason, such as to obtain health care or fleeing war or for the enjoyment of traveling. Wo
A Modern Answer to the Commune By: Penelope Green Johanna Bronk wants to make communal vegetarian meals and keep chickens. Mariel Berger hopes for social, artistic and political collaborations. Harmony Hazard is into hula hooping, book groups and anarchism. Oh, to be a young city-dweller in search of a house share. Finding a roommate has never been easy, but for some, the endeavor has lately assumed all the urgency, emotion and extreme specificity of shopping for a life partner. Last month, just in time for leases to turn over, the housing portion of Craigslist, the uber-community bulletin board and road map to the 20-something's psyche, featured dozens of impassioned tone poems, vivid personal biographies and ideological wish lists. Unfettered by space restrictions -- since Craigslist is free and space on the Internet is boundless, the word count of housing posts can stretch into the thousands, and some do -- and schooled in a culture of idealism that's uniquely
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass. She is the one who opens the Parliament every fall for the nex
British Cuisine Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian,
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt. By AD 100 it had also become the capital o
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. It is not unusual for people to complain that the weathermen were wrong. Fortunately there is no extreme weather conditions, it is never very cold or very hot. The first inhabitants were Iberians and Celts who settled on the land and were often at war with each ot
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