Committee of Elders of the Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on February 24, 1918. after winning the Estonian Liberation War against Soviet Russia and at the same time German Freekorps volunteers (the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed on 2 February 1920), Estonia maintained its independence for 22 years. Initially a parliamentary democracy, the parliament was disnaded in 1934, following political unrest caused by the global economic crisis. Subsequently the country was ruled by decree by Konstatin Päts, who became President in 1938, the year parliamentary elections resumed. Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940, after Stalin gained Hitler's agreement to divide Eastern Europe into ,,spheres of special interest" according to the MolotovRibbentrop Pact and its secret protocol. Subsequently, the country was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944.
sports coverage спортивный репортаж first edition первое издание advertising campaign рекламная кампания glued to a TV приклеенный к телевизору adhered to a principle твёрдо придерживаться какого-л. принципа subliminal messages подсознательный посыл/сообщения inane situation comedies (sitcom) тупые комедийные сериалы political unrest политические волнения to hype проводить массированную рекламную кампанию decent programmes приличные программы howls of protest крики протеста my foot чепуха, бред take a stand занять определенную позицию dumb down упростить до абсурда illegible трудный для чтения gist of the article суть статьи
Twenty-six mammal species are native to Ireland, with some, such as the red fox, hedgehog and badger, being very common. Others, like the Irish hare, red deer and pine marten are less so. In 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century led to the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades. Northern Ireland remained a part of the United Kingdom and saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973, both parts of Ireland joined the European Community. Irish culture has had a significant influence on culture world-wide, particularly in the fields of literature and, to a lesser degree, science and learning. A strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed for example through native sports. Gaelic games are the traditional sports played in Ireland
Information can be repressed or expounded to create misinformation that leaves us all wondering why. Mass Media refers to all forms of media that are open to and accessible by the public. This includes newspapers, television, internet, magazines, radio etc. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of mass media to the society: Advantages: - Information - News - Entertainment - Communication ( specifically for internet) - Product reviews Disadvantages - Can lead to wrong perceptions - unrest - Panic Examples: Radio Television Newspapers Booklets Posters Flyers/leaflets Loud speakerannouncements Miking Videos/Films Press kits Media guides Town criers Gong gong beater Typical Materials Typical Formats Development and use of logos, leaders' statements National addresses by presidents and other high-level officials Publicity for NIDs by celebrities, including goodwill ambassadors Press conferences Newspaper editorials
north-east, Protestants were in the majority. A famine in the mid-1800s caused deaths and emigration. Following a war of independence, Ireland was split into: the independent Irish Free State and Northern Ireland, which remains a part of the United Kingdom. The Free State left the Commonwealth to become a Republic in 1949. In 1973 both parts of Ireland joined the European Economic Community. The Troubles in Northern Ireland led to much unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s, which subsided following a peace deal in 1998. The population of the island is slightly under 6 million (2006), with 4.2 million in the Republic of Ireland and an estimated almost 1.75 million in Northern Ireland. This is a significant increase from a modern historical low in the 1960s, but still much lower than the peak population of over 8 million in the early 19th century, prior to the Great Famine.
Did children turn to violence through watching it, either because so many programmes taught them how to shoot, rob, and kill, or because they had to do something to (3) ….. the hours they had spent (4) ….. to the tiny screen? Or did it simply create a vast passive audience, drugged by glamorous serials and inane situation comedies? On the other hand, did it increase anxiety by (5) ….. the news and (6) ….. our living rooms with war, famine and political unrest? 1) A around B there C ready D here 2) A information B messages C data D communications 3) A counteract B negate C offset D compensate 4) A attached B fixed C glued D adhered
But the economy faces serious long-term problems: high interest rates; increased foreign competition; a pressured, sometimes sliding, exchange rate; a sizable merchandise trade deficit; large-scale unemployment; and a growing internal debt, the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy. Inflation, previously a bright spot, is expected to remain in the double digits. Depressed economic conditions have led to increased civil unrest, including gang violence fueled by the drug trade. In 2004, the government faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments while simultaneously attacking a serious and growing crime problem that is hampering economic growth. Crime Some areas of Jamaica, particularly cities such as Kingston, experience high levels of crime and violence
the Pilgrims gave thanks to God and celebrated His bounty in the Harvest Home tradition with feasting and sport (recreation). To the Puritans, a true “thanksgiving” was a day of prayer and pious humiliation, thanking God for His special Providence. Religious issues (freedom) Europeans came to America to escape religious oppression and forced beliefs by such state-affiliated Christian churches as the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England. That civil unrest fueled the desire of America’s forefathers to establish the organization of a country in which the separation of church and state, and the freedom to practice one’s faith without fear of persecution, was guaranteed. That guarantee was enshrined in the First Amendment to the Constitution. Quakers The Religious Society of Friends began as a movement in England in the 17th century. Quakers have
The Wars of the Roses were a series of civil wars fought in medieval England from 1455 to 1487 between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The name Wars of the Roses is based on the badges used by the two sides, the red rose for the Lancastrians and the white rose for the Yorkists. Major causes of the conflict include: 1) both houses were direct descendents of king Edward III; 2) the ruling Lancastrian king, Henry VI, surrounded himself with unpopular nobles; 3) the civil unrest of much of the population; 4) the availability of many powerful lords with their own private armies; and 5) the untimely episodes of mental illness by king Henry VI. The Wars of the Roses ended with the killing of Richard (the House of York) by Henry VII. Henry VII married Elizabeth of York. He merged the rival symbols together into a red and white Tudor Rose. Completion of the Domesday Book It is a written record of a survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1086
A slump in the mining industry in 1925 led Britain's miners to a nationwide strike. The General Strike started on 4 May 1926 and many people stopped work in support of the men who worked in the mines. The strike had a great effect on their conditions, but it was not successful in its political aims. The war was followed by a period of severe hardship throughout Europe as the depressed economies struggled to recover from the war effort. It was a period of great social unrest and mistrust between various classes. Unemployment was high, wages low and there were numerous strikes by all the unions in an unsuccessful attempt to stop the owners of the coal mines cutting miners' wages. The great Depression of the 1930s actually began with the collapse of American financial markets in 1929. Over three million people out of workforce of 14 million were unemployed. The formation of a National Coalition Government,
ideals before the youth. It may present an ostentatious lifestyle, which may inculcate wrong ideals amongst youngsters. · Unnecessary sensationalism of an issue may project wrong information to the public. · Misleading messages may again divert young minds towards a wrong path. · Wrong interpretation of news may even blow things out of proportion. This would create further unrest in any place or even violence in case of extreme situations. · At times, a particular event or news item may receive too much attention simply because of the lack of important news or snippets. This would again present a wrong idea before the public. · Certain types of mass media such as newspapers or leaflets have a very short shelf life. In terms of advertising, it would not serve to be useful for every kind of product or message.
Netherlands New Guinea) to the Indonesian government. Netherlands New Guinea remained under Dutch rule until 1962. Also, in 1954 Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles became equal members of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. (3) 2.13 Recent Developments The Roman Catholic People's Party came to power in 1959 and retained pluralities in the lower house in the elections of 1963 and 1967, but the government coalitions that the party formed in the 1960s proved unstable. Unrest in the Netherlands Antilles beset the government in 1969, and marines were dispatched to assist police in riot control. The inflation of the 1960s continued into the 1970s as a major political problem. Wage and price controls were imposed in 1970, and taxes increased in 1971. In the elections of 1971 the four-party governing coalition lost its majority, and after two months of efforts a coalition headed by the Anti-Revolutionary Party formed a government
With English being the lingua franca, it has come to dominate the economy. Even in Québec, English was the language of prestige and choice for business, and French-speakers were often discriminated against when applying for work. The relative status of French had declined to an unacceptable extent, it did not pay to speak French even in Quebec. 1963 the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism was created. It was a response to the growing unrest among French Canadians in Québec, who called for the protection of their language and culture, and opportunities to participate fully in political and economic decision making. The commission's findings led to changes in French education across the country, and the creation of the federal department of multiculturalism and the Official Languages Act (1969) equality of English and French in Parliament and the Canadian public service.
Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts and criticism of the monarchy. Manuel II of Portugal become the new king, but was eventually overthrown by the 5 October 1910 revolution, which abolished the regime and instated republicanism in Portugal. Political instability and economic weaknesses were fertile ground for chaos and unrest during the Portuguese First Republic. These conditions would lead to the failed Monarchy of the North, the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, and the creation of the National Dictatorship (Ditadura Nacional). This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding
*Prince of Wales 1301 Since 1301, the Prince of Wales has usually been the eldest living son of the King or Queen of England. Edward II became Prince of Wales in 1301. He was the first English prince to hold the title Prince of Wales. The Welsh are said to asked the King to give them a prince who spoke Welsh and he answered he would give them a prince that spoke no English at all. As a king, his tendency to ignore his nobility in favour of low-born favourites led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition. Edward is perhaps best remembered for being the first monarch to establish colleges in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. *Fergus Mor Mac Earca and Dalriada Fergus Mór mac Eirc was a legendary king of Dál Riata. He was the first king of the Scots in Scotland. He started a large-scale migration to Scotland which resulted in the establishment of a Scottish kingdom called Dalriada. Fergus was allowed to settle in Scotland as a federate of Arthur
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