Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "The most interesting historical events in Estonia". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
song, festival, nation, treaty, festivals, soviet, estonians, sing, german, february, russia, even, first, held, years, again, order, rest, baltic, peace, during, republic, reign, russian, battle, night, nationwide, tradition, awakening, singing, started, part, independent, five, though, foreign, hold, there, sang, other, place, matthew, fought, armyHolidays, Festivals, Cultural events TALLINN - If you're looking for entertainment in Estonia this summer, you are really spoiled for choice. Festivals and events dedicated to the consumption of beer are a lot of fun, but if you want to get the true feel of the country, you need something a little more ethnic. Like a town fair. Just as July becomes August, the seaside town of Haapsalu will host a grand spectacle of rural Estonian entertainment. The White Lady Days is a summer celebration filled with amusement for all the family. Held in and
Ancient Estonian fight for independence. http://wapedia.mobi/thumb/4176501/en/fixed/470/376 /Danmarks_flag_1219_Lorentzen.jpg?format=jpg Click icon to add picture Danish Estonia · Conquered by Danish king Click icon to add picture Waldermat II · The Danish Army defeated the Estonians at the Battle of Lyndanisse. · The Estonians of Harria started a rebellion in 1343- St. George's Night Uprising. http://ts1.mm.bing.net/images/thumbnail.aspx? q=819230880636&id=9318fc57fdc860ec1be51 52b3d56ff20 Click to edit Master text styles Second level
largest freshwater lake. 5. Symbols The flag The Estonian blue-black and white national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society and was consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. Today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum, opened in an annex in 1996, attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag. After about half a century, during which it was prohibited by the Soviet authorities, the flag was seen again in public for the first time in Tartu in May 1988. 24 February 1989, Estonia, still part of the Soviet Union, hoisted its tricolor on the tower of Pikk Hermann in Tallinn. Since then the flag has always been hoisted with ceremony on that day, which is the national holiday the anniversary of the republic. According to the Estonian tradition, the national flag is hoisted at sunrise and lowered at sunset except on June 23,
I hope, this is not hard subject for me and I can do this report finely. 3 Beginning of 20th century Estonian literates participated in the fight for local power mainly with the help of the newspaper "Teataja" created in 1901. The 1904 elections were won by an Estonian-Russian block of 5 Russians and 38 Estonians. The first Estonian mayor was Voldemar Lender and assistant major Konstantin Päts. In 1905 was bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg and this influenced estonian workers: mass meeting, had conflicts with police. 17.10.1905 was made first estonian party Eesti Rahvameelne Eduerankond created by newspaper ,,Postimees" supporters. In 1906 was created estonian proffesional theatre ,,Estonia". Theathre ,,Estonia" In 1912 was started to constructing seastronghold and war harbour ( Peter the Great
established the relationships between Estonia, Livonia and the Russian Empire. The Baltic Landesstaat reached its full development. The freedom of action in the new provinces was naturally granted to one of the most firm ideological pillars of the tsarist empire -- the Russian orthodox church; though as the Landeskirche in the Estonian and Livonian territories, the Lutheran church long maintained a de facto predominance. The most important organ of Baltic German local government was the Diet, consisting of all the noble families who had been `selected' in a list of the eligible. Although jealously guarding their privileges, the knighthoods still never became entirely closed. Between sessions of a Diet, the legislative power of the knighthoods belonged to the Council of the Diet. The towns were governed by the Town Councils, which supplemented their ranks from among the representatives of merchants and lawyers. The
*Estonians conquered by the crusaders 1208 *Reformation 16th century establishments of new school, Estonians first book appeared in 1525 *Tartu University 1632 founded by King Gustavus II Adolphus, classical university, member of the Coimbra group *Abolition of serfdom 1816 *Song festival 1869 in Tartu, an organiser was J.V.Jannsen, 822 singers, men only *Declaration of independence 24th February 1918 *War of independence 1918-1920 during the Russian Civil War, resulted in a victory for Estonia *Deportation 1949 *Estonia becomes independent 20th August 1991 *Joining EU 1st May 2004 Language: Estonian language, belongs to the Balti-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages, closely realted to Finnish and rather remotely to Hungarian; Latin alphabet with 32 letters , 5 of which occur only in foreign words, the phenomes include 9 vowels and 18 consonants; words are
The most important key dates in Estonian history Every country has its history and some moments are more important than the others. Here are some of the most notable dates from Estonian history. 3rd millennium BC the Finno-Ugric tribes arrive in Estonia 1154 First written mention of Tallinn (by al-Idrisi) 13th century German and Danish invade Estonia. Estonians' numerous attempts to restore independence fail 1343 St. George's Night uprising 1558-1583 the Livonian War after which Northern Estonia is occupied by Sweden and Southern Estonia occupied by Poland 1632 Tartu University was founded 1860-1885 the era of national awakening, the foundation for Estonian journalism was laid, collection of folklore 1869 First all-Estonian Song Festival in Tartu
the north by the narrow Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the Baltic Sea. Estonia has been a member of the European Union since May 1, 2004 and of the NATO since March 29, 2004. The area of Estonia is about 45000 square kilometres and the population is about 1.4 million people. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn and the official language is Estonian. The currency is Eesti kroon. The main religion is Lutheran. Anniversary of the republic is celebrated on February 20. The national flower is cornflower, national bird is barn swallow and national stone is limestone. It is a land of great natural beauty with a long and varied history and rich culture. It has served as a junction of international trade routes for centuries. History. The oldest marks of habitation on the territory of Estonia date from the 8th millennium BC. Fortified settlements were established in the 1 st century BC.
On 24 February, Independence Day is celebrated in the Rebublic of Estonia. This is the day that the Manifesto was declared in Tallinn 91 years ago. In responce to a period of Russification initiated by the Russian empire in the 1890's, Estonian nationalism took on more political tones, with intellectuals first calling for greater autonomy, and later, complete independence from the Russian empire. Following the Bolshevik takeover of power in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 and German victories against the Russian army, between the Russian Red Army's retreat and the arrival of advancing German troops, the Committee of Elders of the Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on February 24, 1918. after winning the Estonian Liberation War against Soviet Russia and at the same time German Freekorps volunteers (the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed on 2 February 1920), Estonia maintained its independence for 22 years
More than 200 of them breed in Estonia. Due to the vast preserved natural landscapes, large raptorial birds, such as the golden eagle and eagle owl have made Estonia their home. It is the small islets, however, that can really be called bird paradise. Undisturbed by man and protected from most smaller predators by the sea, they are real nesting sanctuaries for a diversity of birds. The first inhabitants came to the area that now forms present-day Estonia some 11 000 years ago. Estonians were one of the last pagan people in Europe. Estonia was incorporated into Christendom at the beginning of the 13th century, under the pressure of crusaders from Denmark and Northern Germany. Estonians were reduced to the status of peasantry until the 19th century. From 1558 onwards, Estonia became the battleground for the Livonian War involving Denmark, Sweden, Russia and Poland. Sweden emerged as the winner and Estonia remained under its influence until the beginning of the 18th century
February 24: Independence Day The Republic of Estonia was founded on February 24, 1918 when the Salvation Committee, Päästekomitee, declared the independence of the Republic of Estonia. This date was celebrated as the Day of Independence until the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940. During the Soviet occupation, the Independence Day was festively celebrated in Estonian communities around the world. Every year, the US Secretary of State sent greetings on the occasion to the Ambassador of the Republic of Estonia to the United States, Ernst Jaakson. On February 24, 1989, the red flag of Soviet Estonia was replaced by the blue-black-white Estonian national flag on Toompea and since that time the Independence Day has been celebrated as a public holiday again
than Denmark, Belgium or Switzerland. Estonia's population is under 1.4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone. The Estonian national anthem called "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy" was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius. The Estonian language words were written by J. V. Jannsen. It was officially adopted after the War of Independence in 1920.The same melody with different words is also Finland's national anthem.
Singing Revolution To the end of 80s, the Soviet Union folks didn't want to live under socialistic- communistic order anymore. The Soviet Union was protected with the Iron Curtain, which symbol was the Berlin wall. At the same time, not only Estonia, but also other countries that were under the authority of the Soviet Union, increased the independence efforts. People didn't want to live like this anymore, it was based on fear and commands. The start of the Estonian public announcement of the reindependence is probably the Singing Revolution. To begin with, the Singing Revolution was a non-violent wish expressing and embarked on the Soviet Union to fall apart. The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events
HISTORY OF ESTONIA Estonians are one of the longest-settled European peoples, whose forebears, known as the "comb pottery" people, lived on the southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea over 5,000 years ago. Like other early agricultural societies, Estonians were organized into economically self-sufficient, male-dominated clans with few differences in wealth or social power. By the early Middle Ages most Estonians were small landholders, with farmsteads primarily organized by village. With the collapse of the Russian empire in World War I, Russia's provisional government granted national autonomy to Estonia. A popularly elected assembly (Maapaev) was formed but was quickly forced underground by opposing extremist political forces. The Committee of Elders of the underground Maapaev announced the Republic of Estonia on February 24, 1918, 1 day before German troops invaded
in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Russian patriarch, Alexis II, started his priestly ministry in the church. Interior of the Cathedral. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral crowns the hill of Toompea where the Estonian folk hero Kalevipoeg is said to have been buried according to a legend. (There are many such legendary burial places of him in Estonia.) The cathedral was built during the period of late 19th century Russification and was so disliked by many Estonians as a symbol of oppression that the Estonian authorities scheduled the cathedral for demolition in 1924, but the decision was never implemented due to lack of funds and the building's massive construction. As the USSR was officially non-religious, many churches including this cathedral were left to decline. The church has been meticulously restored since Estonia regained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky_Cathedral,_Tallinn
For most of the 17th century, Sweden ruled Estonia. In the 18th century Russian Tsar Peter the Great joined Estonia to his empire. The first true political parties emerged(Where established) at the turn of the century, demanding autonomy for Estonia. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Estonia declared independence from Russia on Feb. 24, 1918. Independent Estonia made large strides between wars. World War II ended Estonia's independence. The country was occupied by the Soviet Army in June 1940.Thousands of Estonians were killed or deported to Siberia. In 1944, Estonia became part of the Soviet Union. Proindependence guerrilla forces continued to fight against the Soviets into the 1950s. In the "Singing Revolution" of the 1980s, Estonians showed their desire for independence in peaceful mass meetings. In 1989, 2 million people from the three Baltic countries linked hands in a human chain stretching from Tallinn to Vilnius in Lithuania.
On the 16th century the first book in Estonian language was publicated. Then the Livonian War began. Northern part of Estonia was occupied by Sweden and the southern part of Estonia was occupied by Poland. On the 17th century Estonia was under Sweden occupation. In 1632 Tartu University was founded. On the 18th century there was a Norhern War and Estonia was occupied by Russia. On the 19th century poeple started to collect Estonian folklore. In 1869 was the first Estonian song festival in Tartu. 1884 blue-black-white flag of Estonia was consecrated in Otepää Church. In 1885-1890 Russian introduced as a official language. In 1918 on the 24th of February was the birth of the Republic of Estonia and then was the german occupation and afer that was a War of Independence. In 1919 Estonians won in the Battle of Võnnu. In 1920 the Peace treaty with Russia was signed in Tartu. Estonia was Independent in 1920-1940. One year later estonia was occupied by Soviet occupation
Estonian War of Independence During World War I the greatest colonial power in Europe the Russian Empire seized to exist. On its ruins the formerly enchained nations founded their own states. Among them was the Estonian Republic, officially declared on February 24, 1918. When Germany surrendered to the Western Allies on November 11, 1918 a strategic vacuum arose in Eastern Europe. The new rulers of Russia the Bolsheviks decided to use it as a proper moment to re-conquer their lost territories. The ultimate goal was international communist revolution and Germany was the first standing on their way. Thus on November 13, 1918 the Government of Soviet Russia denounced peace with Germany
Tallinn was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan (probably derived from the name Kalev). In the 13th-century Chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after Danish conquest in the 13th century. Over the course of time, Taanilinn was shortened to Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a
Introduction Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland, close to the German term Estland for the country. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late
spirits of nature. Since the Northern Crusades Estonia became a battleground for centuries where Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden and Poland fought their many wars over controlling the important geographical position of the country as a gateway between East and West. Being conquered by Danes and Germans in 1227, Estonia was ruled initially by Denmark in the north, by the Livonian Order, an autonomous part of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Knights and Baltic German ecclesiastical states of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1418–1562 the whole of Estonia was part of the Livonian Confederation. After the Livonian War, Estonia became part of the Sweden from the 16th century to 1710/1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language of administration and education was German.
Tallinn is the capital and the largest city of Estonia. It lies on the northern coast of Estonia, along the Gulf of Finland. There are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. In total, there are 47 linna, with "linn" in English meaning both "cities" and "towns". More than 70% of the population lives in towns. History • Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the German invasions in the 13th century proto-Estonians of the Ancient Estonia worshipped the spirits of nature. Since the Northern Crusades Estonia became a battleground for centuries where Denmark, Germany, Russia, Sweden and Poland fought their many wars over controlling the important geographical position of the country as a gateway between East and West. Being conquered by Danes and Germans in 1227, Estonia was ruled initially by Denmark in the north, by the Livonian
peer pressure. Only about 1/3 of all Estonian children have regular physical exercises outside the school. That means playing sport at least twice a week. Most schools in Estonia only have two P.E lessons a week and that's not enough compared with 2 -4 h a day that students spend on the internet or watching TV. Football ,basketball ,track and field ,judo ,swimming ,tennis and volleyball are most popular sports in whole world. SONG FETIVAL The Estonian Song Festival is one of the largest in the world. It is held every five years in July on the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds. The tradition of the song festival was born along with Estonian national awakening. The first national song festival was held in Tartu in the summer One of the organisers of the first song festival was Johann Voldemar Jannsen. In the first three festivals only men's choirs and brass orchestras participated. 822 singers and 56 brass players were in the first festival
The people here are mostly engaged in industry- mainly the food industry (23%), trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the
houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of Mulgimaa owe to the diligence and tenacity of the local people. Village handicraftsmen and masters have always been honoured. Mulgikapsad (stewed sauerkraut with barley groats), Estonian cheesecakes and kama (a roasted meal-mixture) have not lost their popularity. However, linen growers have now been replaced by cereal grains growers and many farms have specialised on raising sheep or horses. And as the song goes: "Mulgimaa it's a place where life is good. It's a land of vast woods, fertile fields and nature's charms, the home of prosperous Estonian farms..." Tourism and handicraft in Lõuna-Viljandimaa Lõuna- Viljandimaa captivates senses with its beautiful landscapes. Lõuna- Viljandimaa as we know it today stays in the heart of the historic Mulgimaa. Mulgimaa is the home of mountains, deep valleys and lakes, its natural axis is the beautiful old valley of Halliste.
Tallinna Inglise Kolledz Estonia Topic Alice Tärk, 9b Tallinn 2007 FACTFILE Area: 45 228 sq km Poplulation: under 1.4 million Capital: Tallinn Language: Estonian Currency: Eesti kroon (EEK) Main religion: Lutheran National holiday: 24 February (anniversary of the republic) National flower: Cornflower National bird: Barn Swallow National stone: Limestone LOCATION The Republic of Estonia is the northernmost and smallest of the three Baltic States. It is located on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea in the north east of Europe. To the east the country borders Russia. Latvia is the countries neighbour to the south. From the west the coast of Estonia is washed by the Baltic Sea and from the north by the Gulf of Finland
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF
· Area- 45,227 km2 · Population- 1,282,963(2011 july) · Location- Baltic Region of Northern Europe · Capital- Tallinn · Main cities- Tallinn,Pärnu,Tartu,Narva · Official Language- Estonia · Political structure- democraic republic National symbols Flag- Coat of arms- Anthem-"My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy,, Plant-cornflower Bird-chimney swallow Stone-slate Tree- Oak History DATES Independence Day (Iseseisvuspäev) - February 24 May Day (kevadpüha) - May 1 National Flag Day (Eesti lipu päev) - June 4 Victory Day (võidupüha) - June 23 St. John's Day (Jaanipaev) - June 24 Day of Restoration of Independence (taasiseseisvumispäev) - August 20 history EVENTS Viljandi Folk Music Festival - July Ollesummer (Beer Summer) July The All-Estonian Song Festival (Laulupidu) takes place every five years in TallinnIn Estonia Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday
Estonia and what you know about it By Anšiel and Liza National symbols • The flag is blue, black and white horisontal lines, It represents the blue sky, the dirt, purity or snow. • The national bird is a swallow. • The national flower is a cornflower. History • The first settelments in Estonia came by supposedly about 11 000 years ago. • In the past most Estonians worshipped spirits of nature and their beliefs were seen as unholy by christian crusaders. Taara is believed to have been the name of the old Estonian god. • Starting with the Northern Crusades in the Middle Ages, Estonia became a battleground for centuries where many countries fought their wars over controlling the important geographical position of the country as a gateway between East and West, despite this the country has survived.
During the Great Northern War the Swedish troops based in Tallinn capitulated to Imperial Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia. The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889. The 19th century brought industrialization of the city and the port kept its importance. During the last decades of the century Russification measures became stronger. February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the
on Latvia. The area of Estonia is 45 100km2, its coastline is 774km long. The geography of the land is surprisingly varied. Islands make up 9,2 per cent of Estonian's total territory, the largest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi. The highest point is Suur Munamägi, which is 317m high. Estonia has a surprisingly mild climate for an area so far north. Sea winds keep the weather from becoming very cold or hot. The population of Estonia is 1.5 million. Of this number 62 per cent are Estonians. Estonians speak the Estonian language, which is closely related to Finnish. Estonia's flag has three horizontal stripes. The blue stripe at the top of the flag represents the sky. The middle stripe of black stands for the land. The white stripe at the bottom symbolizes hope in the future. The president is the most powerful official in Estonia's government. The country's parliament elects the president to a five-year term. The parliament has 101 members, who are elected by the people
Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Counties of Ancient Estonia The Middle Ages Danish Estonia Swedish Coastal Settlements Terra Mariana The Reformation Period Division of Estonia in the Livonian War PolishLithuanian Commonwealth Estonia in the Swedish Empire Estonia in the Russian Empire Age of Enlightenment National Awakening Road to Republic Occupation of Estonia by German Empire. United Baltic Duchy Declaration of Independance As a result of the availability of education Age of awakening Red Army's retreat and arrival of German troops in Pärnu on 23 February in Tallinn on 24 February 1918 Independence (1918-1939) Tartu peace treaty in 1920 First recognized by Finland on July 7, 1920 Member of the League of Nations in 1921 Parlament was established in 1934 First preseident Konstantin Päts Soviet Union Stalin Era Khrushchev era Brezhnev era
the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km 2, and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish, and distantly to Hungarian and to the Sami languages. The population of Estonia is 1.5 million. Of this number 62 per cent are Estonians. The geography of the land is surprisingly varied. Islands make up 9,2 per cent of Estonian’s total territory, the largest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi. The highest point is Suur Munamägi, which is 317m high. Estonia has a surprisingly mild climate for an area so far north. Sea winds keep the weather from becoming very cold or hot. Estonia’s flag has three horizontal stripes. The blue stripe at the top of the flag represents the sky. The
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