hand children can study new things, it expands their horizons and the ability to use computers increases, which may be useful in the future, when they are going to work. On the other hand computers can be children enemy, as well as for everybody, who do not know the dangers of using computers. Many people use computers and some of them wants to use ohter people, especially small children and teenagers. Using the computer for several hours each day impairs eyesight. All of us should make small pauses during the work. In my opinion children use computers too much and parents should defenitely limit the time, if they want to protect their children. Children also should be informed about the dangers of using computers.
2 Read the topic below and prepare to speak about it. Use the questions given to help to plan your monologue. Some people think that all school-children should wear school uniforms. Why do you think they say that? Do you agree? Give reasons. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You are expected to structure your monologue and present it speaking fluently with appropriate pronunciation and intonation and only natural pauses. You are expected to express yourself confidently, clearly and politely. Interact naturally with appropriate openings, fillers and amplifications. Be logical and clear, paraphrase successfully. Your vocabulary should be precise and appropriate, as well as the register. Use a VARIETY of simple and complex grammatical structures as appropriate. Your monologue can be structured as following: 1. Introduction: state the topic (the conviction held). Recite the task. 2
QUESTIONS AND ROLE PLAY When you have completed your monologue, you will be asked 4-5 questions related to the topic of your monologue. This is nothing like asking and answering questions: try to behave as if in a real conversation. Respond naturally in 2-3 utterances but you are not expected to be lengthy at this stage. Speak fluently with appropriate pronunciation and intonation and only natural pauses. Express yourself confidently, clearly and politely. If you fail to understand the question, say `Pardon?' with the rising tone and the interviewer will interpret the question to make it clear for you. The following expressions of asking someone to repeat can also be useful: - Could you say that again, please? - Would you mind repeating that, please? - Could you repeat that, please? Once you have finished, you will be moved on to the next task. The
g. "bacon and e."). Phrasal verbs are more expressive than their one-word counterparts and they are colloquial. Nouns converted from such verbs are even more colloquial (e.g. "a car was in a smash-up", "a pick-up", etc.). 6. PHONETIC EXPRESSIVE MEANS AND STYLISTIC DEVICES We distinguish between prosodic means and orchestration of sounds. Prosodic means include such elements of speech as loudness, pitch, acceleration or slowing down the tempo, pauses, stress, etc. In this respect the written text is far from perfect. Much of it can be pronounced differently and therefore understood differently. LOUDNESS: Depends on many factors. Diminished loudness expresses intimacy, mildness, shyness, but also threat and warning. A loud voice may express familiarity, good heartedness, excitement, etc. PITCH: Depends on a state of excitement. It is high when a person is angry/excited; low when disappointed, desperate, sorrowful.
individuals. Visual symptoms include: eyestrain, blurred or double vision, headaches, red or irritated eyes, and color perception changes. But there are even more side-effects on using computers. When sitting on the same position constantly, we may experience neck or shoulder tension, general fatigue, or pain in the back, arms, wrists or shoulders. Using computers daily and more than few hours a day is risky and may affect our health. That is why we should always have pauses using computers and enjoy more outdoor activities. Computers are vital part of our every day life, as they provide us with so many possibilities on using them. We can search the World Wide Web for information, talk with our friends and long-distance relatives, play games, watch movies or listen to music. There are so many ways on entertaining ourselves using computers. But besides on many wonderful things, which computers offer us, we should always be aware that computers
E.g. she was so fantastic! How fantastic the paper looked! Graphical expressive means Punctuation marks the outward shape of the printed page is very important. The author is conscious of various types of prints and their interrelation. The division of prose into paragraphs (the capital letters, italics, and punctuation marks). Gr.means are vital in order to pass over the reader, those features that in oral speech are rendered by prosodic elements stress, tone of the voice, pauses, the length, sound, etc. Punctuation marks take up a prominent place among gr.means. It points out many elemnts emotional pauses, irony. It also senders the authors' attitude towards what he says and expresses emotional actions and reflects the rhythmic organization of the text. E.g. and then she saw a ghost. Expressive function, see detachment. Stylistic function of full stop may be different.
Phonostylistics (PS) studies features that at the speaker's or writer's disposal are to emphasize words or the whole utterance. ! The phonetic ... ... ... ... of the utterance does not exist ... ... ... ... ... ... with the meaning and message. We distinguish between prosodic means and orchestration of sounds. Prosodic means include such elements of speech as loudness, pitch, acceleration or slowing down the tempo, pauses, stress, etc. In this respect the written text is far from perfect. Much of it can be pronounced differently and therefore understood differently. LOUDNESS: FGI 1081 Stylistics (I. Ladusseva) 10 Depends on many factors. Diminished loudness expresses intimacy, mildness, shyness, but also threat and warning. A loud voice may express familiarity, good heartedness, excitement, etc.
out their hidden or specific meaning. (I told you, he is unwell--meaning drunk or high). Emphatic stress is suggested graphically by the Italics, exclamation marks, dots and dashes. · Accompanying means of emphasis can be the prolongation of vowels. Vowels are prolonged to express positive emotions (glad). Consonants are prolonged to express negative feelings (lousy, monotonous) Pauses: · Logical pauses divide the utterance into meaningful parts--sense groups--and are marked by punctuation. (I didn't know him then, but I do now.) · Emotional pauses are introduced to draw attention to the words or phrases that follow, and thus, emphasize this word or phrase. (She is so gentle, so / gently cruel (pause is acted). Pauses may be marked in a text and may be introduced by the speaker.
It is used to express one's attitude to the interlocutor or the utterance such as admiration, surprise, distrust, contempt. Accompanying means of emphasis can be the prolongation of vowels and consonants. Vowels are generally prolonged when positive emotions are expressed: I'm so glad. It's fantastic. Consonant sounds tend to become longer to expresses negative feelings:lousy, phony, monstrous. The chief means of making one's speech emotional is intonation and pausation. Logical pauses divide the utterance into meaningful parts (corresponding) to sense-groups, often marked in the text by punctuation, e.g I didn't know him then, / but I do now. // Emotional pauses are introduced to draw attention to the word or phrase that follows and thus emphasize this word or phrase: e.g She is so gentle, so /gently cruel. (No punctuation in the text, but the pause occurs before ,,Gently cruel" to emphasize the controversial nature of the character expressed by two incompatible adjectives.
") 10. Use a comma to shift between the main discourse and a quotation. John said without emotion, "I'll see you tomorrow." "I was able," she answered, "to complete the assignment." In 1848, Marx wrote, "Workers of the world, unite!" 11. Use commas wherever necessary to prevent possible confusion or misreading. To George,Harrison had been a sort of idol. Comma Abuse Commas in the wrong places can break a sentence into illogical segments or confuse readers with unnecessary and unexpected pauses. 12. Don't use a comma to separate the subject from the verb. Incorrect:An eighteen-year old in California, is now considered an adult. Incorrect:The most important attribute of a ball player, is quick reflex actions. 13. Don't put a comma between the two verbs or verb phrases in a compound predicate. Incorrect:We laid out our music and snacks, and began to study. Incorrect:I turned the corner, and ran smack into a patrol car. 14
0:00 0:30 Rest Johnny begins with an introduction and and then a slow, steady beat starts. Trumpets immediately a quick, short guitar strum is blurt out a Spanish tune for three pitches, three played with small pauses between each note. consecutive times. Johnny's deep, rasp voice In the live version the crowd goes wild with begins to sing. With the high pitch back up joy. A steady clap begins from the crowd singers in the background. every 2nd count on the beat of the guitar. 1:00 Johnny begins singing on tune with slow, 1:00 Johnny begins singing at a steady tune.
spontaneous speech. They showed correlations around 0.80 between their tests and other widely used language tests such as ETS's TOEFL (Bernstein, DeJong, Pisoni, & Townshend, 2000). Cucchiarini et al. (Cucchiarini, Strik, & Boves, 1997a, 1997b) developed a speech recognition based automatic pronunciation scoring system for Dutch by using features such as log likelihood Hidden Markov Model scores, various duration scores, and information on pauses, word stress, syllable structure, and intonation. They also found good agreement (correlations above 0.70) between machine scores and human ratings of pronunciation. Stanford Research Institute (SRI) International, similarly, has been developing an automatic pronunciation scoring system, EduSpeakTM, which measures phone accuracy, speech rate, and duration distributions for non-native speakers who read English texts (Franco et al., 2000)
The capacitor charges and sends the pulse to the transformer.After the transistor saturation,the feedback signal falls the capacitor discharges,and the oscillation starts again. 5)On circuits. 6)Push-pull:designer arranges the biasing of push-pull amplifier to set the Q point at cutoff;RS flip-flop:designed, that circuit can set the Q point to high or reset it to low;Blocking ocillator:Unlike a multivibrator,the output of this circuit is sharp pulses with brad pauses between them.It has also a transformer;Multivibrator:is a rectangle pulse generator with the positive feedback. 7)Advantages:simple principle of operation, low price, high reliability.Disadvantages:unstable and temperature dependent.Output waveform has distortions and changes with time. 8)Monostables:It generates the only pulse after switching on, and on continue operation, an input signal must enter the circuit
I think I'll have to world to write his Short History of carefully and underlining any key stop at the bookstore on my way Nearly Everything. words. Play the recording twice home ... H Oh my, that sounds like an with pauses for preparation before extremely ambitious project. each playing. Check and discuss MW And so it is. But who better for the answers as a class, playing any the job than Bill Bryson, for the sections again as necessary. most part, a beloved author
(Thecorrectansweris B because the textsays;'ifthey Ss can practiseReading aloudusing the S's CD/ can'tbuy what theywant theyarequitepreparedto cassetteSslistento the text and followthe Iines buildit' (0.5-6)) Focus5s' attention on how the Ss listenagainwith pauses,then readout from informationhasbeenrephrasedSscompletethe the text t a s k C h e c kS s 'a n s w e r sA s kt h e mt o j u s t i f yt h e i r choices Tapescript for Exercise2c (p. 6) Cont. i
(Thecorrectansweris B because the textsays;'ifthey Ss can practiseReading aloudusing the S's CD/ can'tbuy what theywant theyarequitepreparedto cassetteSslistento the text and followthe Iines buildit' (0.5-6)) Focus5s' attention on how the Ss listenagainwith pauses,then readout from informationhasbeenrephrasedSscompletethe the text t a s k C h e c kS s 'a n s w e r sA s kt h e mt o j u s t i f yt h e i r choices Tapescript for Exercise2c (p. 6) Cont. i
(Thecorrectansweris B because the textsays;'ifthey Ss can practiseReading aloudusing the S's CD/ can'tbuy what theywant theyarequitepreparedto cassetteSslistento the text and followthe Iines buildit' (0.5-6)) Focus5s' attention on how the Ss listenagainwith pauses,then readout from informationhasbeenrephrasedSscompletethe the text t a s k C h e c kS s 'a n s w e r sA s kt h e mt o j u s t i f yt h e i r choices Tapescript for Exercise2c (p. 6) Cont. i
(Thecorrectansweris B because the textsays;'ifthey Ss can practiseReading aloudusing the S's CD/ can'tbuy what theywant theyarequitepreparedto cassetteSslistento the text and followthe Iines buildit' (0.5-6)) Focus5s' attention on how the Ss listenagainwith pauses,then readout from informationhasbeenrephrasedSscompletethe the text t a s k C h e c kS s 'a n s w e r sA s kt h e mt o j u s t i f yt h e i r choices Tapescript for Exercise2c (p. 6) Cont. i
For dumbbells or kettlebells: FEMALE Beginner: 46 kg (8.813.2 lbs) Intermediate: 68 kg (13.217.6 lbs) Advanced: 812 kg (17.626.4 lbs) or larger MALE Beginner: 812 kg (17.626.4 lbs) Intermediate: 1216 kg (26.435.2 lbs) Advanced: 1624 kg (35.252.8 lbs) or larger Though there are many versions of the TGU, on this page is one designed as a systemic corrective exercise. It provides the most detailed feedback. Some other forms--those that omit certain pauses, for example--allow for more compensation and make it easier to miss weak links. Demonstrated by Brett Jones from the left side on the following page, steps 19 are illustrated in the photo sequence, which would then be reversed in exact order to return the kettlebell to the ground. The photos can be used for reference and for spot-checking, but please view a video of proper execution before attempting (www.fourhourbody.com/tgu).
It gives me pain to speak ill of a Darcy. But she is too much like her brother--very, very proud. As a child, she was affectionate and pleasing, and extremely fond of me; and I have devoted hours and hours to her amusement. But she is nothing to me now. She is a handsome girl, about fifteen or sixteen, and, I understand, highly accomplished. Since her father's death, her home has been London, where a lady lives with her, and superintends her education." After many pauses and many trials of other subjects, Elizabeth could not help reverting once more to the first, and saying: "I am astonished at his intimacy with Mr. Bingley! How can Mr. Bingley, who seems good humour itself, and is, I really believe, truly amiable, be in friendship with such a man? How can they suit each other? Do you know Mr. Bingley?" "Not at all." "He is a sweet-tempered, amiable, charming man. He cannot know what Mr. Darcy is." "Probably not; but Mr
Another insight from the editing room was a greater appreciation of the i m portance of focus. I realized that focused attention is one of the rarest things in the world, and that an audience is giving a lot when they devote their full attention to your work for two hours. There is only so much focus available in a given work, and it seems the more elements you take out of a composition, the more focus is poured into those that remain. Cutting lines, pauses, and entire scenes sharpened the focus on the elements that were left, as if a large number of diffuse spotlights had been concentrated into a few bright beams aimed at select important points. P.S. Your Cat Is Dead enjoyed a brief theatrical run and then was distributed on DVD. After that adventure I concentrated for a time on traveling to give seminars for various international cinema and television training programs. M o s t recently I have
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