• well known buildings or works of art: the Empire State Building; the Taj Mahal; the Mona Lisa; the Sunflowers • organisations: the United Nations; the Seamen’s Union • hotels, pubs and restaurants*: the Ritz; the Ritz Hotel; the King’s Head; the Déjà Vu *Note: We do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is the name of the owner, e.g.,Brown’s; Brown’s Hotel; Morel’s; Morel’s Restaurant, etc. • families: the Obamas; the Jacksons demonstrative determiner There are four demonstrative determiners in English and they are: this, that, these and those Note that demonstrative determiners can also be used as demonstrative pronouns. When they are used as determiners they are followed by the nouns they modify. Compare: This is my camera. (Demonstrative used as a pronoun, subject of the verb is) This camera is mine. (Demonstrative used as a determiner modifying the noun camera. demonstrative pronoun
Nouns are commonly thought of as "naming" words, and specifically as the names of "people, places, or things". Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts such as birth, happiness, evolution, technology, management, imagination, revenge, politics, hope, cookery, sport... Determiners are followed by the noun. Determiners are the, a or an. The determiner the is known as the definite article and a is indefinite article. Verbs have traditionally been defined as „action“ words or „doing“ words. Travels, sings, walked, cooked... Adjectives typically describe an attribute of a noun. Cold, large, violent, beautiful... Adverbs are used to modify a verb, and adjective, or another adverb. Slowly, quickly, softly, suddenly, gradually... Prepositions typically come before a noun. Across, after, at, before, by, during, from, into, in...
There are three forms of a/an, the the article in English: the indefinite article (a/an), the definite article (the), the zero article. 3 Grammatical Terminology definite article määrav artikkel Refers to determiner the which is used with a noun to The university is closed today. define and specify entities projected as known to I'll try to put you through to the speaker/writer, listener/reader. (cf. Indefinite article right department. a/an)
(love, air, philosophy, etc). The can usually be used when we mean this. The Indefinite Article – a/an (= one!) can only be used with singular countable nouns. a child, a book, an elephant, an apple On the other hand, singular countable nouns cannot be used without any determiner. Determiners are both articles (a/an and the) and different pronouns (e.g., one, another, each, every, this, that; personal pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their). Only one determiner can be used at a time: My house was deserted. Or: The house was deserted. Another problem is the pollution that the factory causes to the environment. Or: One other problem is the pollution the factory causes to the environment. 2 The Definite Article – the, can be used with both singular and plural countable and uncountable nouns.
3) Adverb at the end of a sentence Andy reads a comic every afternoon. Adjectives: Examples: · The cake looks good. · Your hair looks great. Where did you get your hair cut. · My mother lost her keys. · The boys play ball all the time. · Your hair grew slowly. · The dog grew angry. · The boys talk loudly. · My brother talks big. Order: 1. Determiner - a, an, her, five, many, much several etc. 2. Opinion - pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc. 3. Size - big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc. 4. Shape - circle, square, tall, short etc. 5. Age - old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc. 6. Color - yellow, green, pink etc. 7. Origin - American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese etc. 8. Material - cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold etc. 9. Purpose/Qualifier - 10
) 62. Use almost, not nearly, to say that one thing is very like another. She is almost a sister to me. (NOT She is nearly a sister to me.) I almost wish I had stayed at home. (NOT I nearly wish I had stayed at home.) 63. If you don't do something any more, you stop doing it. The doctor told me to stop smoking. (NOT The doctor told me to stop to smoke.) I'm going to stop working so hard. (NOT I'm going to stop to work so hard.) 64. A singular countable noun must normally have a determiner (e.g. a/an, the, my, that). She broke a/the/that/my window. (NOT She broke window.) Where is the station? (NOT Where is station?) 65. We don't often use would in subordinate clauses; instead, we use past tenses. Would you follow me wherever I went? (NOT Would you follow me wherever I would go?) I would tell you if I knew. (NOT I would tell you if I would know.) 66. With when, use the past perfect to make it clear that one thing finished before another started.
The descriptive feedback is comprised of a suite of programs that evaluate and, subsequently, flag essays for errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics; identify an essay's discourse structure; and, recognize undesirable stylistic features. As the population of English language learners (ELL) grows, researchers are working on enhancements to the grammatical error detection component to accommodate the kinds of mistakes more common in the ELL population. This kind of feedback includes determiner and preposition errors, and collocation errors (e.g., "strong computer" instead of "powerful computer").Criterion offers a pre-writing (planning) utility. This emphasis on planning was a logical outgrowth of the process-writing approach that Criterion embodies. Both earlier literature (Elbow, 1973) and more recent research have suggested that making plans can help students produce better quality writing, just as revising drafts can
1 Kordamisküsimused keeletüpoloogia loengute põhjal. Sügis 2016 1. Tüpoloogia olemus. Grammatiliste mõistete olemus keeletüpoloogias: universaalsed või mitte? - Tüpoloogia on keelte või keele elementide liigitamine nende struktuurist lähtuvalt. - Tüpoloogia eesmärgiks on leida keeltes esinevate nähtuste varieerumise piirid. - Tüpoloogia ei tugine (ei tohiks tugineda) ühelegi grammatikateooriale. Tüpoloogia olulisim metodoloogiline küsimus on see, kuidas on võimalik leida eri keeltes SAMA nähtus, nii et see oleks relevantne nii võrdluse kui iga konkreetse keele suhtes. Kas keele kategooriad on universaalsed või on igal keelel oma kategooriad? - Matti Miestamo (2013): universaalsete kategooriate olemasolu eeldamine nõuab loogiliselt kaasasündi...
' Impersonals: Estonian Poiss loeb raamatut. Loetakse raamatut. Lapsed magavad sügavalt. Magatakse sügavalt. 7. Adjectives and adjective phrases; 4 properties of adjectives, the structure and functions of the adjective phrase, syntactic subclassification of adjectives, semantic classification adjectives. The properties of adjectives: a) They can freely occur in ATTRIBUTIVE functions, ie they can premodify a noun, appearing between the determiner (including zero artice) and the head of a noun phrase: an ugly painting, a roind table, dirty linen. b) They can freely occur in PREDIACTIVE function, ie they can function as subject compliment, as in `The painting is ugly', or as object compliment `He thought the painting ugly'. c) They can be premodified by the intensifyer very: The children are very happy. d) They can take COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE forms. The comparison may be my
English structure revision for the exam 1. Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). ...
(ee) (ingl) N substantiiv e noun auto, kõikuvus nimisõna PRON pronoomen e asesõna pronoun tema, mina, see NUM numeraal e arvsõna numeral üks, kolmteist Q kvantor e määrasõna quantifier keegi, igaüks DET artikkel determiner ingl a, the A adjektiiv e adjective ilus, kaval omadussõna ADV adverb e määrsõna adverb nüüd, kiiresti V verb e tegusõna verb ütelda, teha P, PREP prepositsioon e preposition ilma, ingl in, at eessõna
LÜHEND NIMI NIMI NÄIDE (ee) (ingl) N substantiiv e nimisõna noun auto, kõikuvus PRON pronoomen e asesõna pronoun tema, mina, see NUM numeraal e arvsõna numeral üks, kolmteist Q kvantor e määrasõna quantifier keegi, igaüks DET artikkel determiner ingl a, the A adjektiiv e omadussõna adjective ilus, kaval ADV adverb e määrsõna adverb nüüd, kiiresti V verb e tegusõna verb ütelda, teha P, PREP prepositsioon e eessõna preposition ilma, ingl in, at P, PSP postpositsioon e tagasõna postposition taga, ääres C konjunktsioon e sidesõna conjunction ja, et
"Fb" are sentences. A sentence can be formed by prefixing a sentence with "not," so "not Fb" is a sentence. Finally, a sentence can be formed by placing "and" between two sentences, so the whole thing is a sentence. Simple English sentences can be diagrammed similarly. Here is a classic: "The boy hit the colorful ball." Sentence Noun phrase Verb phrase Determiner Noun Verb Noun phrase Determiner Adjective Noun The boy hit the colorful ball The nodes in such a phrase marker are labeled according to grammatical cat- egory, and the lowest ones begin to look like English "parts of speech": noun, adjective, and so on. Higher nodes correspond to more complex grammatical
conjunctions, prepositions, pronounsor phrasalverbs. . Ssreadthe text againand completethe task.When Sshavecompletedthe tasktell them to readthe text throughto checkit makessense.CheckSs'answers. *rr;wer Key(Seeoverprinted answers) T fu dazzledby 2 os...os 3 subject ofthesentence 1 cloimto be sth 5 thesamegoesfor:fixedphrase a suchos 7 high/lowin sth t thirdpersonplurolpossessive determiner , consometimes meon:modal mokeup for sth:fixedphrase o lotmore osbadas &finite article comeinto effect toogoodto betrue 122(r) n e ta s k .Ssd o th e e x e rc i s eC.heckS s'answ ers,
conjunctions, prepositions, pronounsor phrasalverbs. . Ssreadthe text againand completethe task.When Sshavecompletedthe tasktell them to readthe text throughto checkit makessense.CheckSs'answers. *rr;wer Key(Seeoverprinted answers) T fu dazzledby 2 os...os 3 subject ofthesentence 1 cloimto be sth 5 thesamegoesfor:fixedphrase a suchos 7 high/lowin sth t thirdpersonplurolpossessive determiner , consometimes meon:modal mokeup for sth:fixedphrase o lotmore osbadas &finite article comeinto effect toogoodto betrue 122(r) n e ta s k .Ssd o th e e x e rc i s eC.heckS s'answ ers,
conjunctions, prepositions, pronounsor phrasalverbs. . Ssreadthe text againand completethe task.When Sshavecompletedthe tasktell them to readthe text throughto checkit makessense.CheckSs'answers. *rr;wer Key(Seeoverprinted answers) T fu dazzledby 2 os...os 3 subject ofthesentence 1 cloimto be sth 5 thesamegoesfor:fixedphrase a suchos 7 high/lowin sth t thirdpersonplurolpossessive determiner , consometimes meon:modal mokeup for sth:fixedphrase o lotmore osbadas &finite article comeinto effect toogoodto betrue 122(r) n e ta s k .Ssd o th e e x e rc i s eC.heckS s'answ ers,
conjunctions, prepositions, pronounsor phrasalverbs. . Ssreadthe text againand completethe task.When Sshavecompletedthe tasktell them to readthe text throughto checkit makessense.CheckSs'answers. *rr;wer Key(Seeoverprinted answers) T fu dazzledby 2 os...os 3 subject ofthesentence 1 cloimto be sth 5 thesamegoesfor:fixedphrase a suchos 7 high/lowin sth t thirdpersonplurolpossessive determiner , consometimes meon:modal mokeup for sth:fixedphrase o lotmore osbadas &finite article comeinto effect toogoodto betrue 122(r) n e ta s k .Ssd o th e e x e rc i s eC.heckS s'answ ers,