Antibiotics are one of the greatest success stories of modern medicine – they have transformed our lives. But they may now be endangering lives, too. I chose three articles on the issue that dissert the topic of antibiotics in wastewater. To begin with, for years scientists have been aware of the potential problems of antibiotics being present in wastewater. For now, the research of engineering professor Olya Keen is showing that treatments to clean wastewater may actually be creating new antibiotics and further contributing to the development of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Keen is studying doxycycline, one of the widely used class of antibiotics. Their research to date is showing that chlorine used to treat wastewater is actually changing the makeup of the doxycycline and forming new antibiotics. Subsequently, the question arises: how do all the antibiotics find their way into wastewater?
WATER POLLUTION The causes of water pollution sewage and wastewater; marine dumping; industrial waste; oil pollution; Sewage and wastewater contains urine and laundry waste pollute the environment diseases TREATMENT water treatment plants Stop using toxic household products! Marine dumping garbage-> the oxygen in the water could be depleted bottles, plastics, bags-> can suffocate or choke sea animals TREATMENT cleaning water Do not throw anything into water! Industrial waste toxic chemicals causes also air pollution TREATMENT fit filters to chimneys treatment plants Oil pollution spilled oil spoil drinking water
Reovee ärajuhtimine ja -puhastamine Koostasid: Maria Roosimägi Madis Arula Reovesi Reovesi (inglise wastewater) on vesi, mida on kasutatud olmes(olmereovesi), tööstuses või põllumajanduses (ühine nimetus tootmisreovesi) ning mille keemilisi ja/või füüsikalisi omadusi on muudetud negatiivselt (üle kahjutuspiiri); heitvee eriliik. Olmereovett iseloomustab kõrgenenud orgaanilise aine ja bakterite sisaldus. Tootmisreovee omadused on väga varieeruvad, sõltudes tööstusharust, kasutatud tehnoloogiast jne. Omaette mõistena eristatakse ka sademeid, mis on reostunud juba
Surge tanks additional supports Surge shafts Investment in more engineering Questions? Typical Applications of ABS Piping Building Power Generation Services/HVAC Industrial Processes Water & Waste water Electronics Mining & Mineral Steelmaking & Processes Processing Sugar Processing Paper Typical Applications of ABS Piping Building Services Chilled Water Cooling Water Potable Water Wastewater Drainage Decentralised Chilled Water Building Services Typical Applications of ABS Piping Water & Wastewater Water Wastewater Water Reticulation Primary Sludge Clarifiers Secondary Sludge DAF Clarifiers Filtration DAF Chemicals Bioreactor sub surface Sludge Disposal aeration & piping Sludge handling Scrubber underflow
2. Leia andmebaasist Web of Science artikleid oma kursusetöö teemal ja tee viiteanalüüs. a) Current Organic Chemistry b) 3 c) Otsisin „synthesis of bioactive compounds“, siis valisin Result Analysis1, kust sain valida tulemuste järjestuse Source Titles järgi. c) Panda, Siva S.; Khanna, Pankaj; Khanna, Leena. 29 viidet. d) Panin linnukese ajakirja nime ette ning valisin View Records. 3. Otsing referaatandmebaasis Scopus. a) ((bioreactors) and (wastewater) and (treatment)) and doctype (ar) b) Liu, H., Logan, B.E. Electricity generation using an air-cathode single chamber microbial fuel cell in the presence and absence of a proton exchange membrane. 993 viidet. c) Sort on: Cited by d) Artikli täistekst on saadaval American Chemical Society Journals kaudu. 4. Võrdlev viiteanalüüs minu teemal kirjutava tunnustatud autori kota andmebaasides Web of Science ja Scopus. a) Albert Demonceau b) Artiklite koguarv - Web of Science: 71
Water pollution Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants and for all of us. First, we have to talk about the causes of water pollution. Domestic households, industrial and agricultural practices produce wastewater that can cause pollution of many lakes and rivers. Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are extremely harmful to people and the environment. Dumping of litter in the sea can also cause huge problems. Different items take different lengths of time to degrade in water. Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from oil spills, everyday shipping and dumping.
the pollution floating (plastic containers or oil and gasoline spills). ⦿ Ground Water Pollution – This becomes more relevant as it affects our drinking water. It become infected by toxic chemicals. ⦿ Microbial Pollution – Found in the countries who don’t have the facilities to cure the water so the bacteria and viruses grow in the water. The people have no other way of getting water so they are forced to drink it. WHAT CAUSES WATER POLLUTION? ⦿ Wastewater ⦿ Marine dumping ⦿ Industrian waste ⦿ Radioactive waste ⦿ Oli pollution ⦿ Underground storage ⦿ Global warming WHY IS IT A PROBLEM? ⦿ It causes worldwide disasters and deaths. ⦿ It may not damage our health immediately but can be harmful after long time. ⦿ Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of animals who live in a water and those who eat them. ⦿ Microbial water pollution is a major problem in the developing
, Lim L. J., Han, K. S. (2010). SYSTEM OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT USING IMMERSED MEMBRANES : KR20100053155. [Online] esp@cenet (16.04.1012) 6. (5P) Leidke andmebaasist Compendex täistekstartikleid teemal Water treatment process of membranes. Esitage: a) otsistrateegia: Panin otsinguvälja teema nime (Water treatment process of membraanes) b) artiklite arv: 5530 a) ühe relevantse e artikli kirje: Kimura, K. (2009) Influence of residual organic macromolecules produced in biological wastewater treatment processes on removal of pharmaceuticals by NF/RO membraanes. -Water Research, 43(15), 3751-3758. [Online] Compendex (16.04.2012 7. (5 P) Leidke internetist artikleid teemal Water treatment process of membranes kasutades mõnda teadusotsimootorit (mitte Google). Esitage: a) otsimootori nimetus: Yahoo a) otsistrateegia: panin otsingusse teema nime b) ühe relevantse veebilehe URL (veebiaadress) c) miks see leht on usaldusväärne? 8. (2P) Mis on otsiprofiil?
recognized with economycertificate of 14001 standard. Valio Eesti takes responsibility for the environment in front of procuring technology to reduce the environmental impact of using a sustainable raw materials and energy, and encourages energyefficient and recyclable packaging use. Valio's environmental objectives for the coming years will focus on the reduction of wastewater, water, energy use, and reducing household waste. VALIO`S CHRONOLOGY 1905 In Finland, Valio Oy was founded 1968 Dairy Product Factory was founded in Võru 1992 In Laeva Tapila Dairies Ltd was founded, which is the forerunner of Valio Eesti 1993 Valio entered the Lithuanian market 1996 Estonia's bestloved brand in the dairy industry Alma was born
groundwater AND pollution AND problems groundwater AND health risks AND (carcinogen OR cancer) groundwater AND cancer AND (organisms OR health) groundwater AND ecosystem (cancer OR carcinoma OR toxicology) OTSING ScienceDirect - ALL(carcinogens) and ALL(groundwater) [Journals(Chemistry,Environmental Science)], 1679 artiklit Asano, T., Cotruvo, A. J. (2004). Groundwater Recharge with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater: Health and Regulatory Considerations. - Water Research, väljaanne 8 (kd 38), lk 1941-1951. Veevaru kvaliteet puhastatud munitsipaalvee põhjavette laskmisel. Võimalike terviseprobleemide käsitlemine. OTSING SpringerLink - Carcinogens AND in AND ground AND water, 4234 vastet, 2271 artiklit Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis I Volume 94 / 1 Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology Cooper, ColinS. Grover, PhilipL
1 REOVESI Reovesi (inglise wastewater) on vesi, mida on kasutatud olmes (olmereovesi), tööstuses või põllumajanduses (ühine nimetus tootmisreovesi) ning mille keemilisi ja/või füüsikalisi omadusi on muudetud negatiivselt (üle kahjutuspiiri); heitvee eriliik. Olmereovett iseloomustab kõrgenenud orgaanilise aine ja bakterite sisaldus. Tootmisreovee omadused on väga varieeruvad, sõltudes tööstusharust, kasutatud tehnoloogiast jne. Omaette mõistena eristatakse ka sademeid, mis on reostunud juba õhus (näiteks mitmete gaasidega, tolmuga) või maha langedes mingeid äravooluteid läbides. Euroopa Liidu asulareovee direktiiv kehtestab nõuded reovee puhastamisele ja kogumisele ning suublasse juhtimisele . Direktiivi eesmärgiks on kaitsta keskkonda asulareovee suublasse juhtimisest tulenevate kahjulike mõjude eest. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks on vaja reovesi kokku koguda reoveekogumisaladelt ning seejärel puhastada. Reoveekogumisalaks loetakse piirkonda...
7) Direct comparison of three methods for the determination of radon in well water 8) Childhood cancer mortality and radon concentration in drinking water in North Carolina 9) Naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water: An exercise in risk benefit analysis 10) Analysis of groundwater for cadmium contamination in some districts of Uttar Pradesh, India (?) 11) Estrogen-like and dioxin-like organic contaminants in reclaimed wastewater: Transfer to irrigated soil and groundwater 12) Determination of several potential virulence factors in non-o1 Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, faecal coliforms and streptococci isolated from Marrakesh groundwater VALITUD ARTIKLID: 1) Health risk by radon in drinking and sanitary water: Assessment and control techniques
Coastline: 3794 km Climate: maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers Terrain: marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south Land use: arable land: 12.05%, permanent crops: 0.35%, other: 87.6% (2005) Environment current issues: air polluted with sulfur dioxide from oilshale burning power plants in northeast; however, the amount of pollutants emitted to the air have fallen steadily, the emissions of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the amount of unpurified wastewater discharged to water bodies in 2000 was 1/20 the level of 1980; in connection with the startup of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural and manmade lakes, the smaller of which in agricultural areas need to be monitored; coastal seawater is polluted in certain locations (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012, ISSN 15538133). 2.2.3 People and society Ethnic groups: Estonian 68.7%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian 1
, 1995. Mexico City’s water supply: improving the outlook for sustainability. Oaksford, T., 1985. Artificial Recharge methods: methods, hydraulics and monitoring. CGWB (Central Ground Water Board) 1994. Manual on artificial recharge of ground water. Reig, P., Maddocks, A., Gassert, G., 2013. World’s 36 Most Water-Stressed Countries. World Resource Institute (WRI). Report 3: Water in a Changing World. Rice, J., Wutich, A., Westerhoff, P., 2013. Assessment of De Facto Wastewater Reuse across the U.S.: Trends between 1980 and 2008. Shamrukh, M., Abdel-Wahab, A., 2008. Riverbank filtration for sustainable water supply: application to a large-scale facility. Zadeh, S.M., Hunt, D.V.L., Lombardi, D.R., Rogers, C.D.F., 2013. Shared Urban Greywater Recycling Systems: Water Resource Savings and Economic Investment. The Stationery Office (TSO). Water for life. Available online: http://www.official- documents.gov.uk/document/cm82/8230/8230.pdf Tortajada, C., 2006
CONCLUSIONS In this work, the author searched for answers to some questions, such as: do people know that they can give away old medicines to pharmacies without fee and whether they know why this is important in terms of environmental protection. We've taken a look at what happens next with drug waste. The author concludes that the awareness of the people in this options is poor. It is recommended that there must be more rules on that how clean the treated wastewater must be. Basic knowledge of recycling should be taught in grade schools. If we teach our kids how to protect the environment, then we have a hope that one day our grandchildren can live in clean world again. KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS Seadusandlus ja riigiasutused Jäätmeseadus (JäätS) https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/130122015012 Keskkonnainfo JATS jäätmearuandluse infosüsteem ,,Jäätmete käitlus tekkepõhise nimistu järgi" (2010)
More than half of Estonian outgoing and incoming traffic which were made with internal travel document was through the Valga. This activity was granted mostly by residents of Valga and surrounding communities. There were several reasons go to the Latvian side. Such as shopping trips, possibility to 32 enjoy natural beauty of Latvian Valga surroundings and summer swimming in Pedeli river. On Estonian side wastewater flowed into the river and there wasn't nice places for swimming. An important reason for border crossing was tradition to continue Estonians burial on cemetery Luke and Took. Both cemeteries were situated on Latvian side, Luke situating in town and Took just left hand over the boundary near the Võru road. Cross- border traffic could be even more active, but the only official border crossing point in town never started to work during the whole day.
Biopuhasti Kasutatakse biomuda, töö jaguneb kolme faasi: eeltöötlus, bioloogiline töötlus ja membraanfiltreerimine. Füüsikalis-keemiline puhasti Kasutatakse vee füüsikalist ja keemilist töötlust, mis jaguneb kahte faasi : Füüsikaline faas: leotamine, setitamine, filtreerimine. Keemiline faas: kalgendamine, oksüdeerimine desinfitseerimine. MBR (Advanced Membrane Bio-Reactor) The membrane bioreactor series represents advanced black and grey wastewater treatment solutions for all vessels. All Evac MBR units are IMO MARPOL MEPC 159(55) certified and also USCG certified. The Evac standard MBR is also available as a combined unit with vacuum generation integrated. The Evac MBR features low power consumption, owing to its low pressure submerged membranes... More Details ORCA III (Physical Chemical Treatment) The ORCA III is a physicochemical sewage treatment plant, designed for treatment of both black and grey water
According to Georgian law, several types of uses of minerals require a license. These include: a) Exploration of minerals; b) Mining of minerals; b1) Handling a mineral deposit or processing minerals; c) Utilization of the remains of mining enterprises; d) Use of underground spaces, as well as building and exploitation of such underground facilities (including facilities for storage of industrial wastes from oil and natural gas pro- duction and wastewater) that are not related to extraction of useful minerals; e) Gathering geological, mineralogical, paleontological collections for museum exhibits. (The Law on Minerals, Article 6, Paragraph 1) A license for the use of minerals does not cover oil and natural gas resources. Usually, an application for a mineral use license is issued for a definite term, specifically for a period of 5 to 45 years. The terms are specified in accordance with the types of use:
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