ISLAM Deivid Armulik Kadrina Secondary School 2016 GENERAL INFORMATION Muslim (Moslem) Quran Allah Second-largest Fastest-growing religion 1.7 billion followers 23% of the global population HISTORY 7th century Originated in Mecca Spread in the Arabian peninsula Prophet Muhammad Islamic Golden Age (8th – 13th century) DENOMINATIONS SUNNI Largest, 75-90% of population Caliph should be elected Righteous and acts according to Quran Hadith SHIA Second-largest, 10-20% of population Muhammad appointed his son-in-law as his successor Only descendants could be Imams (leaders) Son-in-law first Imam Rejecting the legitimacy of the previous
Maailma 3 kõrgemat hoonet Merili Jõgi MJ211 Burj Khalif Burj Khalif Dubai Kõrgeim pilvelõhkuja 828 meetrit Hotell, elamuruumid, observatoorium, bürooruumid Ehitamine Adrian Smith Abraj Al-Bait towers Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower Saudi Araabia Mitu maailmarekordit Masjid al- Haram Ehitamine Kõrgeim ehitis Saudi-Araabias ( 601 meetrit ) Mosee Palvetuba ( 1000 inimest ) Hotell Kaubanduskeskus kellad Willis Tower USA (Chicago 108 korrust 1973-1998 103 korrus on avatud külalistele Willis Tower USA (Chicago 108 korrust 1973-1998 103 korrus on avatud külalistele
üldistatud keeruline taimemotiiv on islami kunstis sagedane. Tänapäeva islamiarhitektuur: Sheik Zayedi mosee Abu Dhabis (Araabia Ühendemiraadid) Ametlikult avati 2007. a. On nimetatud Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyani, riigi rajaja ja esimese presidendi järgi. Kasutatud materjal Jaak kangilasti Kunsti ajalugu 10. klassile lk 108-111. www.Wikipedia.com Pildid: http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9804/03/hajj.pilgrims/saudi.arabia.mecca.jpg http://i75.photobucket.com/albums/i298/cool_clipart/blogs/Mecca.jpg http://www.brain.com.pk/~nbrother/mecca/mecca-beat_b2.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Age_of_Caliphs.png. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/islam/art/pictures/herat.jpg http://www.archesweb.com/images/6/IHC0017.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Selimiye_Mosque,_Dome.jpg http://maceraperest.blogspot.com/2008/01/selimiye-camii-edirne.html http://en.wikipedia
various prophets. Muslims believe that parts of the previously revealed scriptures, the Tawrat and the Injl, had become distorted- either in interpretation, in text, or both. The Koran is viewed by Muslims as the final revelation and literal word of God and is widely regarded as the finest literary work in the Arabic language. The Koran is divided into 114 suras(chapters), which contain 6236 verse. The chronologically earlier suras, revealed at Mecca, are primarily concerned with ethical and spiritual topics. The later Medinan suras mostly discuss social and moral issues relevant to the Muslim community. Muslims are usually viewing the Koran as the original scripture as revealed in Arabic and that any translations are necessarily deficient, which are regarded only as commentaries on the Koran. Muslims identify the prophets of Islam as those humans chosen by God to be his messengers.
Burj Khalfah on maailma kõigi aegade kõrgeim ehitis, kuid ametlikult ei omistatud seda tiitlit talle enne, kui hoone oli ametlikult avatud. Ehitise kõrgus on 828 m. Burj Khalfah erineb teistest ehitistest, mis on alates 20. sajandist maailma kõrgeima hoone tiitlit kandnud, selle poolest, et seal on ka eluruume. Lisaks hõlmab hoone alumised 39 korrust hotell. Hoones on ka observatoorium (124. korrusel) ja bürooruume. Abraj Al-Bait Towers Abraj Al-Bait Towers, tuntud ka Mecca Royal Hotel kellatorn, on hoone kompleks Mecca , Saudi Araabia . Need tornid on osa King Abdulaziz Endowment Project , mis püüab kaasajastada linna toitlustus oma palverändurid. Kompleksi kuulub mitu maailmarekordit, kõrgeim kellatorn maailmas ja maailma suurim kella numbrilaud . Kompleksi hotell torn sai kolmas kõrgeim hoonemaailmas aastal 2012, ületades Taiwan 's Taipei 101 ja ületas ainult Dubai on Burj Khalifa ja Shanghai on Shanghai Tower Willis Tower
Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophets. For the last 22 years of his life, beginning at age 40 in 610 CE, Muhammad started receiving revelations from God. The content of these revelations, known as the Qur'an, was memorized and recorded by his companions. During this time, Muhammad preached to the people of Mecca, imploring them to abandon polytheism. Although some converted to Islam, Muhammad and his followers were persecuted by the leading Meccan authorities. After 12 years of preaching, Muhammad and the Muslims performed the Hijra ("emigration") to the city of Medina in 622. There, with the Medinan converts and the Meccan migrants, Muhammad established his political and religious authority. Within years, two battles had been fought against Meccan forces: the Battle of
Usundid Ligi 96% riigi elanikkonaast on Saudi- Araabias islamiusulised. Kristlasi on 3,5% elanikkonnast ja hinduismi on 0,6% elanikkonnast. Iive Saudi- Araabia elanikkonda iseloomustab rahvaarvu kasvu ülespoole 2% . Migratsioon Rändesaldo on -6,82 / 1000 rahvastikust. Emigrante on rohkem, kui imigrante. Suuremad linnad Riyadh- rahvaarv 4 700 000 Jeddah- rahvaarv 3 400 000 Mecca- rahvaarv 1 700 000 Medina- rahvaarv 1 300 000 Inimeste tegevusalad Saudi Araabias on rikkalikult maavarasid. Inimesed tegelevad peamiselt nafta pumpamisega (Saudi Araabia on maailma suurimate nafta- ja maagaasi varudega ning suurim naftatootja), rändkarjakasvatusega ja seal kus võimalik ka niisutuspõllumajandusega. Vaatamisväärsused Kaaba Kaaba on ehitis Mekas
The Qur'an in its actual form is generally considered by academic scholars to record the words spoken by Muhammad because the search for variants in Western academia has not yielded any differences of great significance and that historically controversy over the content of the Qur'an has never become a main point. The Qur'an is divided into 114 suras, or chapters, which combined, contain 6,236 yt, or verses. The chronologically earlier suras, revealed at Mecca, are primarily concerned with ethical and spiritual topics. The later Medinan suras mostly discuss social and moral issues relevant to the Muslim community. The Qur'an is more concerned with moral guidance than legal instruction, and is considered the "sourcebook of Islamic principles and values". Muslim jurists consult the hadith, or the written record of Muhammad's life, to both supplement the Qur'an and assist with its interpretation. The science of Qur'anic commentary and exegesis is
Daniel Dhers Daniel Dhers was born in March 25, 1985, in Caracas, Venezuela Daniel started riding bikes when he was twelve, just to hang out with his friends, he only took up BMX because his friends got bikes. In 1998, he went to his first skatepark and rode around. When he was sixteen, he and his parents moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, where he really started riding in parks and with better riders. In 2003, he entered his first contest. In 2004, Danny was invited to Woodward's Camp ramp Mecca in Pennsylvania hasn't looked back since, leaving his rivals vying for second place and in 2006, he entered the Dew Action Sports Tour. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, Dhers has won the AST Dew Tour. Daniel Dhers won X-games gold in 2007, and 2008. BMX Park legends like Ryan Nyquist, and Dave Mirra admit that Daniel Dhers is the kid to watch. When Dhers isnt in Argentina, where his family now resides, he is living and training at Camp Woodward in Pennsylvania, with good friend
ihren Namen zu versilbern. Dazu gehören Russell Simmons (Phat Farm), Damon Dash, Wu- Tang Clan (Wu Wear), Method Man (Johnny Blaze) und Jay-Z (Rocawear) sowie OutKast (OutKast Clothing), 50 Cent (G Unit Clothing) in zusammenarbeit mit Ecko und P. Diddy (Sean John). Wichtige Marken, die nicht direkt von Hip-Hoppern kommen, sind und waren Willie Esco, Ecko, Songs of Freedom, Karl Kani, Sir Benni Miles, Southpole, Nike, New Era, Joker Brand, Timberland, 96 North, Mecca, pellepelle, Coogi, ArtistikWorld, K1X usw. 1. Baggy Pants Mit Baggy Pants (baggy engl.: sackartig, ausgebeult) oder häufig auch Saggy Pants (saggy engl.: absinkend, herunter hängend) werden besonders weite Hosen bezeichnet, deren Bund meist weit unterhalb der Hüfte getragen wird. 2. Hoodie Ein hoodie (oder hoody), kurz für das "hooded Sweatshirt", ist ein schweres Kleidungsstück des oberen Körpers mit einer Kapuze. Das charakteristische Design schließt große frontale Taschen,
mis on suuruselt teine on Jeesus. Muhammed on suurim prohvet nad kõik. Põhiidee: "Jumal on nähtamatu looja ja master. Ta on tehtud Islam näitas, kes ta on läbi prohvetite, et juudid ja kristlased Piibel räägib. Tal ei ole poeg ja keegi võib tema poolel. Koraan, mida peetakse sisaldavad sõna Jumal, Jumal näitab, mida on õigus Gudstro teel. Tähendus islam on tavaliselt kokku võetud "viis sammast", mis on: usk, palve, tühja kõhuga, zakat ja valimisprotsesside reis Mecca. Moslemi Usutunnistus on järgmine: "Ei ole muud Jumalat kui Jumal ja Mohammad on tema prohvet". Saades moslemite on anda see ütlusi. Sarnasused / erinevused: Kolm religioonid on üldine, et nad on Monoteistinen, mis tähendab, nad usuvad ühte Jumalat. See Jumal on üks ja sama nii judaism, kristlus ja islam, isegi kui nad kutsuvad teda erinevate nimetustega. Mis eristab islami alates kristlus on see, et Jumal / Jumal Islam ei ole Poeg, ta on üksi ja keegi ei tohi lõpetada,
Saudi naised ei tohi näidata oma keha Saudi Araabia mehed üksindust nautimas USA pop-artisti Katy Perry albumi kaanel oli ta liiga paljastav, seega tehti paar muudatust 14 15 Kasutatud allikad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia http://www.miksike.ee/docs/referaadid2006/saudi_araabia_liina1.htm http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3584.htm http://www.destination360.com/middle-east/saudi-arabia/mecca http://www.destination360.com/middle-east/saudi-arabia/riyadh http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh http://www.ksu.edu.sa/Administration/RectorDeputies/OfficeOfVicePrisidentForResearch/e_u_v_f aculty/PublishingImages/riyadh_3.jpg http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/blg08333/e-port/msti260/VLA/mecca.jpg http://media.point2.com/p2a/htmltext/d867/fc20/eac5/0890a3b33d429d123935/original.jpg http://susieofarabia.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/dscf3333-24.jpg http://hdr.undp
Araabia, Abu Bakr sufid (jõudnud kaunistatud poiste ümberlõikamine olulisemad peatükist, araabia Wudu Lähis- (Muhamedi välja jumala geomeetriliste naised peavad kinni katma kõik linnad keeles, poeetilises pesemisk Ida naise isa, kes kontaktini) kujunditega) peale näo (mõningatel juhtudel kõik Mecca ja stiilis, sisaldab oht enne (Iraan) sai valitsejaks peale silmade) Riyadh jumala kõnesid + palvust Euroopa peale dhimmid almus maks, keelatud on süüa sealiha, teadmata hidra islami versioone
Canonised / 'kænnasd / pühakuks kuulutatud Charter / 't:t / üürima, harta Latter / 'læt / viimane, lõpupoolne 1066 The Battle of Hastings Normans took over power in England, William the Conqueror (William I) became the King. 1170 The murder of Archbishop Thomas a Becket a fight between the King and the Church, Canterbury Cathedral became a Mecca for pilgrims after the murder of Thomas a Becket. 1215 The Magna Carta King John was forced to sign a document which limited his power and extended the rights of his subjects. 1337 The Hundred Years´ War a war with France which lasted 100 years, England tried to maintain control over the properties in France. France won. 1348 The Black Death an illness which killed a lot of people
change (Pope’s Essay on Criticism – called for national change in taste and ideas). New style of „the antique simplicity”. Burlington had all the drawings of Jones and Palladio, used them as an architect. Reformed architectural style. Palladianism was to become a national style. Burlington house – palazzo. Land around it. Ha-ha. Garden made of series of pictures, after Ancient Rome. 18. The Augustan publishing explosion and expansion of literacy 18th C, London cultural mecca of the Augustan age, great urban development, the city of enlightenment, scientific revolution. Cultural efforescence linked with remarkable economic and financial boom (ordinary people better off). Emergence of professional writer (A.Pope) -> because there was audience like never before („middling sort” – merchant and professional classes). New cultural activity thanks to: paper, printers, publishers, engravers, printsellers. In 1695 lapse of
Rahvaarv, selle muutumine ja Rahvastikupüramiid Saudi-Araabia on keskmise suurusega riik. Rahvaarv on 28,146,656 inimest. Rahvarvu muutumine: 2000 aastal- 20,660,700 2001 aastal- 21,122,700 2002 aastal- 21,589,240 2003 aastal- 22,054,280 2004 aastal- 22,529,340 2005 aastal- 23,118,990 2006 aastal- 23,680,640 2007 aastal- 27,601,038 2008 aastal- 28,146,656 Linnades elavate inimeste arv: Riyadh- rahvaarv 4 700 000 Jeddah- rahvaarv 3 400 000 Mecca- rahvaarv 1 700 000 Medina- rahvaarv 1 300 000 Saudi-Araabia rahvastikust moodustab linnarahvastik 86%. Energiamajandus Traditsioonilised energiavarud Saudi Araabias leidub kasutatavatest maavaradest naftat ja maagaasi. Allpool oleval joonisel on näha, et enamus varadest asuvad Pärsia lahe rannikul või siis natuke rohkem sisemaal. Suuremad leiukohad on just rannikul. Naftat leidub kõvasti rohkem kui maagaasi. Alternatiivenergia Kasutamist soodustavad Kasutamist takistavad tegurid
between the most important football clubs of Glasgow and entire Scotland Glasgow Celtic and Glasgow Rangers. Scotland has a very picturesque landscape. It may be divided into two parts: the Lowlands (an are of gentle hills, fields and woodlands, more densely populated than other parts, they also include plenty of wild upland country) and the Northern Highland (which are considered by many people, especially mountain-lovers, to be the most beautiful part of Scotland and a real tourist Mecca; they say that there may even be small patches of land on which nobody has ever set foot). Britain's highest peak, Ben Nevis (1343 m) lies not far from Fort Williams. The Scottish flag has a white cross on a blue background. It is also on the Union Jack. Northern Ireland is the smallest part of the UK as it only covers about 5500 square kilometres. About half of the 1.7 million inhabitants live in or around Belfast, the capital, in the eastern coastal region.
$ ja üksinimene: hävitus kulud 135 mln $. Madriid 2004 13 tuh €. London 2005: paarsada naela. Allikad: Riigid, kes sponsoreerivad (Saudid, Pakistan, Iisrael jne). Indiviidid, perekonnad, organisatsioonid, illegaalne narko ja relvavedu ja ka legaalne kaubandus. Terrorismrahastus sõltub: rahapesust, pankade läbipaistvusest, sularahast ja kullast. AFGANSITAN 1979 tähtis aasta: Bin Laden lõpestas ülikooli, Iraanis islami revolutsioon, Iraagis Hussein, Iisraeli-Egiptuse rahulepe, Mecca üritused, Venemaa tungis Afgaani sisse. Esimene sõda: osalejad NSVL ja Mujahedeen (toetajad USA ja Saudid). Islami tüüp oli erinev teistest: Mullah’d (koraanis islami teoloogia ja seadustega haritud) ja Ulema’d (kõrgel astmel, islami kaitsjad). 1988 rahulepe ja 89 relvastuse väljaviimine, peale mida “unustatud” Afganistan ja tagajärjed sellele- pashtuni islami kood. Taliban: 1994: 30 meest, 94 lõpp 12 tuhat meest, 1996 võimul. Ideoloogia: pashtuni hõimu koodeks (eetiline
Ja mitte kõik pole vaesed- nt Saudi-Araabia (siseriiklik vahe suur). Erinevused: poliitiline kord, ühiskonna struktuur ja majanduse korraldus. II teravad klassivahed: Euroopa mõisnikud, talupojad Antikolonialsim. Urbaniseerumine- töölised, ametnikud, sõjaväelased, töötud linnaelanikud. III majanduse mahajäämus ja vaesus: väljaõppe puudumine, loodusõnnetused, vead majanduse reformimisel, riikide võlad. Saudi-Araabia: suiidid ja suniidid. Islami-usulaste kõige püham riik (Mecca). USAl suhteliselt head suhted SAga. Rahvaarv ca 27 milj. Etnilised grupid araablased 90% 10% teised rahvused. Religioon 100% islam ainult lubatud. Saudide kuningas on eesotsas. Ajalugu algab 1722 (18 saj) Ottomani impeerium ja Saudid. 1913- maavalduste taastamine. 1930ndad- vaesus. OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. ARAMCO- Arabian-American Oil Company arengud 1950-74. Nafta diplomaatia. Leping, mis sõlmiti on salajane. Saudi-araabia välispoliitika alused : 1. nafta 2
Kadedus Õgardlus/aplus Vihapidamine/viha Tujutus/tusk Voorusteks on aga usk, lootus ja armastus. ISLAM 14 Orient tagurlik, lääs edumeelne (massimeedia toodang). Samuel P. Huntingtoni ,,Tsivilisatsioonide kokkupõrge" käsitleb erinevate kultuuride konflikte. Islam alistumine, muslim (moslem) alistunu; religioon pärineb Araabia ps-lt. Olulisemad linnad on Mecca ja Riyadh. Meka on islamiusuliste keskpunkt, see on islamis palvesuunaks. Mekas sündis prohvet Muhamed (Muhammad u 570-632). Ta jäi varakult orvuks. Muhamed oli karavanikaupmees, kohtus Hadidzaga, kellega abiellus. Kord aastas käis ta mägedes mõtisklemas. Ühel korral juhtus temaga imeline lugu hääl ütles talle, et loe - see oli esimene ilmutus Muhamedile. Hääl, kes temaga kõneles, oli ingel Gabriel. Pärast seda hakkasidki Muhamedile ilmuma ilmutused jumalalt
Only by giving the impression can painter, writer can make people forget about their daily lives. New ways of presenting character and experience. Character is described as seen by other people. Impressionism in the description. Conrad's literary output -author suspects skepticism of the human condition. ,,Lord Jim"-Jim (his surname is never disclosed), a young British seaman, becomes first mate on the Patna, a ship full of pilgrims travelling to Mecca for the hajj. Jim joins his captain and other crew members in abandoning the ship and its passengers. A few days later, they are picked up by a British ship. However, the Patna and its passengers are later also saved, and the reprehensible actions of the crew are exposed. The other participants evade the judicial court of inquiry, leaving Jim to the court alone. The court strips him of his navigation command certificate for his dereliction of duty
annaabi.ee 
