Mesa Verde National Park The park was created in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt, to protect some of the best-preserved cliff dwellings in the world Contrary to popular belief, the Ancestral Puebloan people of Mesa Verde did not disappear. They migrated south to New Mexico and Arizona, and became today's modern pueblo people. Now the park averages about 600,000 visitors per year. Currently Mesa Verde has over 4,700 archaeological sites with many more yet to be discovered. Mesa Verde black-on-white pottery was sculpted into many things such as canteens, mugs, ladles and bowls.
today lies in the very heart of the historical Mulgimaa the home of hills, deep valleys and lakes brought together by a beauty spot Halliste primeval valley. According to several folk tales, it is also in these valleys, woods and bogs that Old Nick found refuge.The great variety displayed in the nature is also reflected in the local cultural heritage. At the beginning of the 19th century growing linen spread and became the basis of the legendary wealth of Mulgi farms. The ancient barn-dwellings and decaying manor houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of Mulgimaa owe to the diligence and tenacity of the local people. Village handicraftsmen and masters have always been honoured. Mulgikapsad (stewed sauerkraut with barley groats), Estonian cheesecakes and kama (a roasted meal-mixture) have not lost their popularity. However, linen growers have now been replaced by cereal grains growers and many farms have specialised on raising sheep or horses
volume and void. In interiors, Baroque movement around and through a void informed monumental staircases that had no parallel in previous architecture. The other Baroque innovation in worldly interiors was the state apartment, a processional sequence of increasingly rich interiors that culminated in a presence chamber or throne room or a state bedroom. The sequence of monumental stairs followed by a state apartment was copied in smaller scale everywhere in aristocratic dwellings of any pretensions. Baroque architecture was taken up with enthusiasm in central Germany (see, e.g., Ludwigsburg Palace and Zwinger Dresden), Austria and Russia (see, e.g., Peterhof). In England the culmination of Baroque architecture was embodied in work by Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John
60. võtmekasvu sektor - key growth sector 61. ülemereline turismi aastatulu - overseas tourism revenue 62. majapidamises kestev - household durables 63. töökoha seadmed - office equipment 64. seadusjärgne süsteem maakasutuse planeerimiseks - statutory system of land- use planning 65. nõuab spetsiaalset planeerimisluba - requires specific planning permission 66.keskkonna avaldus - environmental statement 67. omanike tegevusala elamutes - owner-occupation of dwellings 68. pikaajaline hüpoteeklaen - long-term mortgage loan 69. valdusi kasutama kui kaitset - using the property as security 70. majapidamine - household 71. avalik sektor - public sector 72. kohalikud ametivõimud - local authorities 73. eramaa omanik, üürileandja - private landlord 74. odavad majutused - low-cost housing 75. avaliku sektori tegelane - public sector tenant 76. hinnaalandusega - at a discount 77. ehitatud ja remonditud kodud - building and refurbishing homes 78
homes and runs almost all of our appliances including refrigerators, toasters, and computers. Many homes in rural areas use propane for heating, while others use it to fuel their barbecue grills. Picture 2.3. Types of energy consumed in homes (2005) 2.3 Energy use in different types of homes 6 About 80 percent of residential energy use is consumed in single family homes, while 15 percent is consumed in multi-family dwellings such as apartments, and 5 percent is consumed in mobile homes. Picture 2.4. Energy use in different types of homes More than half of the energy used for heating in single-family homes (either attached or detached) is natural gas, about one-fourth is electricity, and one-tenth is fuel oil (heating oil). Over three-fourths of single-family homes have some type of air conditioning. Most single-family homes have a washing machine and a dryer.
suburb with primarily wooden construction. Thus our people are used to wooden apartment buildings and in the near future these buildings will not disappear from our dwelling stock/reserve. Wooden apartment buildings with their individual scale and intimacy offer interesting opportunities to establish a unique home in many modern towns. Today we consider old wooden apartment buildings to be an important part of our cultural heritage. Every year adds more value and dignity to these old dwellings. True, a respectful attitude to wooden architecture is only a phenomenon of the last couple of decades. During Soviet times, wooden apartment buildings were generally not valued and wooden suburbs were not considered worthy of preservation. Many building were neglected and therefore, many wooden apartment buildings are in a very bad condition today. Also, the modern demands for living environments and the perception of a comfortable home is
5.3.1 Crusell Bridge case study The Crusell Bridge is a cable stayed bridge, commissioned by the City of Helsinki's public works department, connecting the western edge of Jätkasaari with Ruoholahti. Jätkasaari, a part of the former West Harbour, near the city centre of Helsinki, is being transformed into a new maritime urban district. Cargo operations have been moved to another part of the city to make room for development of some 9,000 new dwellings, giving rise to the need for a new road bridge. Figure 5.2 shows a rendering of the cable-stayed bridge in its setting in Helsinki harbour. 69 Figure 5.2 A rendering of the new Crusell Bridge in Helsinki harbour During the design and construction process, the project team implemented both BIM technologies and LC principles and tools
The destruction of the old landmark was opposed by a concerned group of citizens. disperse v. to cause to move in many different adj. dispersed directions Syn. circulate The high winds and rain dispersed the crowd. After the hurricane, dispersed belongings cluttered the street. dwelling n. where people live n. dweller Syn. house v. dwell Cave-like dwellings have been discovered throughout the world. City dwellers often have trouble adjusting to life in the country. element n. a part of the whole n. element* *environment adj. elemental Syn. component City dwellers are out of their element in the country. Hard work and perseverance are the basic elements of success. elementary adj. simple in structure, easy to do Syn. primary
Reading: mu iple choice; matching prompts to elementsrnth text AnswerKey(See overprinted answers) Vocabulary:dwellings& appliances; furniture;cotours & rooms;household chores;homesafety d. Writethe headings on the board Elicitanswersfrom Grammar: presenttenses;state verbs; adverbsof S s a n d c o m p l e t et h e t a b l e .S s c o p y h e c o m p l e t e d
Reading: mu iple choice; matching prompts to elementsrnth text AnswerKey(See overprinted answers) Vocabulary:dwellings& appliances; furniture;cotours & rooms;household chores;homesafety d. Writethe headings on the board Elicitanswersfrom Grammar: presenttenses;state verbs; adverbsof S s a n d c o m p l e t et h e t a b l e .S s c o p y h e c o m p l e t e d
Reading: mu iple choice; matching prompts to elementsrnth text AnswerKey(See overprinted answers) Vocabulary:dwellings& appliances; furniture;cotours & rooms;household chores;homesafety d. Writethe headings on the board Elicitanswersfrom Grammar: presenttenses;state verbs; adverbsof S s a n d c o m p l e t et h e t a b l e .S s c o p y h e c o m p l e t e d
Reading: mu iple choice; matching prompts to elementsrnth text AnswerKey(See overprinted answers) Vocabulary:dwellings& appliances; furniture;cotours & rooms;household chores;homesafety d. Writethe headings on the board Elicitanswersfrom Grammar: presenttenses;state verbs; adverbsof S s a n d c o m p l e t et h e t a b l e .S s c o p y h e c o m p l e t e d
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