from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II's plea to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy Land. 11.How would you describe Medieval or Chivalric Romances? Chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures, often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities, who goes on a quest. 12.What is courtly love? It was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry. Medieval literature is filled with examples of knights setting out on adventures and performing various services for ladies because of their "courtly love". 13.What is a fableaux? A medieval verse tale characterized by comic, ribald treatment of themes drawn from life. 14.William Langland ,,The Visions of Piers Ploughman" 15.Find some information about Geoffrey Chaucer - his life and times
between intimate companions.The holiday is named after one or more early Christian martyrs named Valentine and was established by Pope Gelasius I in 496 AD. It is traditionally a day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards .. The holiday first became associated with romantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the High Middle Ages, when the tradition of courtly love flourished.hModern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines have largely given way to mass-produced greeting cards.The sending of Valentines was a fashion in nineteenth- century Great Britain, and, in 1847, Esther Howland developed a successful business in her Worcester, Massachusetts home with hand-made Valentine cards based on British models. The
Impossible love Impossible love There are 3 categories of Chivalric Romance 1. The Matter of Britain About King Arthur and his court. 2. The Matter of Troy About the antique myth of Britain origin from the ancient city of Troy through its founder Brutus. 3. The Breton Lay Main character is Merlin. Chivalric romance is a mixture of: local myths Anglo-Saxon heritage French courtly tradition ancient Greek and Roman myths (Troy) The authors' imagination Geoffrey of Monmouth (1100-1155) Supposed to be the history of the kings of Britain. Wanted to write the family tree of King Arthur, but managed to write only about 12-13 kings. It was written in Latin. His first book was "The Prophecies of Merlin"(around 1135), this book is remarkable, because before it Merlin was known as "Myrddin". Next book was "Histpry of the Kings of
easier. After the Norman conquerings, three languages were prevalent: French, Latin, Anglosaxon. Romances were written in French, folklore in English, Anglosaxon. The medieval romance (literature): · Chivalric romance a narrative genre that first developed in France in the 12th century. Mostly stories of single knights who undertook an adventure in order to gain a lady's favour. They stress their chivalric ideas of courage, honour, mercy and elaborate manners. Courtly Love a code that regulates the relations of a knight and his lady. The erotic aspect of love is spiritualised. It is regarded as the noblest passion on Earth. The knight is called the courtly lover, he has to idealise his lady - she has to be perfect and he must fulfill her every wish. · France: Stories that center on Charlemagne · Rome: Trojan war Alexander the Great's conquests The Orient · Britain: King Arthur and the knights of the Round Table
Medieval literature Religious literature- mostly written in church languages(Latin, Greek, Old Slavic) Secular literature- written in vernacular languages as well 6th -15th century Anonymity Religious writing Liturgical writing-hymns, psalms Theological writing-aquinas, abelard etc Religious poetry Mystery plays-reenactment of bible stories Secular writing Troubadour writing:"courtly love", romance Epic poem(song of roland) Travel writing History writing-chronicles Allegory The use of symbols and analogy to convey a certain meaning /message Literary output of medieval English Anglo-saxon or Old English literature(7th century-1066) Middle english literature(12th century-15th century) End of the period:1470s chancery standard(regulating english) and onset of renaissance Middle English literature Written in many dialects in early period
Introduces each character (30). GC himself functions as the narrator. He tries to be objective and tries to keep a distance from the characters. The descriptions are very vivid and economic. He pays attention to the pilgrims' clothes. E.g. the Knight has come back from some war, is high-minded, gentle-humoured and tries to live according to the ideals of courtly love, although he doesn't understand that this code of behaviour is slowly disappearing. The Squire is his young son who has curly hair, is high-spirited and wears a white-sleeved gown embroidered with red flowers who also thinks he is a typical courtly lover. Most of the clerics are ridiculed. E.g. the Monk doesn't pray, he hunts. He is fat, doesn't fast a lot, rides a good horse and is richly dressed
Magna Carta is an English legal charter. The Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights, respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. Anglo-Saxon poetic forms:Didactic poems-stories from Bible about saints` lives and moral lessons Chivalric romances-plot is centred around a single knight who fought at tournaments,slayed dragons and underwent a series of adventures in order to win the heart of his heroine. Courtly love-lover idealised and idolised his beloved. Romances are divided:1)the matter of Britain:stories that centre on the pseudo-historical King Arthur2)the matter of Troy:tales of the classical world3)English Breton lays:short poems or songs that tell stories of otherwordly magic. .Humorous beast epics,the lyric .Lyrics were short songs.Expressed thoughts of feelings of a speaker.Religious lyrics expressed sorrow for the Christ on the cross and for Mary.
He had to be in constant training, motives for seeking knighthood should be pure. Honour had to be prized over everything. A knight should be without blemish, avoid pride, false-swearing, treason- the darkest crime. Slaying one's lord, adultery with his wife or surrendering his castle. Cowardness in the field, like treason, was punished by death. Another crimes-dishonourable conduct toward women, beating, raping. No robber, pirate, murder, violater of church could be knight. 7. Courtly love. The favour to be found with ladies is one of the main topics of the competitions. With the improved standards of living, war band had to rethink their attitude to women. Marriage could be only between people of one rank, there was loyalty between relatives, which often brought to intermarriage. The prime functions were dynastic alliance and purity of the lineage. So sexual relationships were
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy
version and had no real tie with the artistic achievements and aims of the northern Italian artists (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello) who are closely identified with the Renaissance; and these art forms never went away during the medieval period and needed to be "reborn", they just took a step back during the Hundred Years War and the dynastic conflict of the Wars of the Roses. Music Music was an essential part of civic, religious, and courtly life in the Renaissance. The rich interchange of ideas in Europe, as well as political, economic, and religious events in the period 14001600 led to major changes in styles of composing, methods of disseminating music, new musical genres, and the development of musical instruments. The most important music of the early Renaissance was composed for use by the church--polyphonic (made up of several simultaneous melodies) masses and motets in Latin for important churches and court chapels
the stories of the New Testament and the Old Testament side by side. Saints' lives were often depicted. Images of the Virgin Mary changed from the Byzantine iconic form to a more human and affectionate mother, cuddling her infant, swaying from her hip, and showing the refined manners of a well-born aristocratic courtly lady. Secular art came in to its own during this period with the rise of cities, foundation of universities, increase in trade, the establishment of a money-based economy and the creation of a bourgeois
The real reasons were economical. The war was later called the Hundred Years War. It ended in 1453. At firs the English were successful. By the treaty of Bretigny in 1360 Edward III gave up his claim to the French throne. He had re-established his control & captured a huge quantity of treasure. It is surprising that people never rebelled against Ed III. He was an expensive king. Ed III & his eldest son, the Black Prince, were greatly admired for their courage on the battlefield & their courtly manners. They became symbols of the ,,code of chivalry", the way in which a perfect king should behave. According to it the perfect king fought for his good name if insulted, served God & the king & defended any lady in need. Ed III introduced the idea of chivalry into his court. Ed III chose 24 knights. They met once a year on St. George's Day at Windsor Castle, where Arthur's Round Table was supposed to have been. The custom is still followed. Chivalry was a useful way of persuading mend to
the special world, a poetic lesson taught by the Celtic tales, where heroes who come back and brag about their adventures in the Underworld find nothing but seaweed where they thought they'd collected fairy treasure. But the rare one, like Rose, keeps the fairies' secrets and lives a long and happy life. James Cameron honors his Celtic ancestors with the folk music that plays be low decks and whenever emotion surges. It makes a strong contrast with the courtly European dance and church music played in first class, and contributes to the poetic feeling. T h i s is the epic telling of the Titanic by a Celtic bard, accompanied by pipes and harps as in days of yore. T h i s is supported by visual poetry and structural connectedness like the serpentine braiding of a Celtic graphic design. Simple polarities, bow and stern, above decks and below, first class and third, light and dark, give strong symmetrical
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